Fire and Gas Recovered)

Fire and Gas system A basic understanding with our day to day job
WHY DO WE NEED FIRE & GAS PROTECTION SYSTEM????

Fire Detection /Mitigation systems:
Fire Detection Gas Detection Fire Suppression systems CO2, FM200, Deluge
How it Works Looks?
Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Systems

ICSS DCS/F&G/ESD systems.
Emergency Alarm Systems

PA system
Combustible Gases-Lower & Upper Limits*

*No differentiation between the terms Explosive and Flammable as applied to the lower and upper limits of flammability
Clean Air
Too lean for ignition
Too rich for ignition
50%
Combustibles
Typical Combustible Gas Detector Range of Measurement
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)
How does Gas Detector work?

Detect & measure vapor before hazardous concentration is present Provide outputs to enable emergency action
00
4.0 milliamperes
LEL
Flammable hydrocarbon gas
No fault
24 VDC
+
Types of Gas Detectors

As per operating principle: 1. Catalytic: Combustibles 2. Infrared: Combustibles 3. Electrochemical: Mainly Toxic gases (H2S,Oxygen,Cl, SO2,) In our plant, we are having Catalytic and Infrared types, they again may be divided into point or open path detectors
1. Pointwatch Eclipse 2. Open Path Eclipse 3. Catalytic Sensor/CGS
Catalytic Sensor Operation

Active Element - Hot wire resistor coated with catalytic material Reference Element - Same as active but without catalyst Catalytic reaction when contact with flammable gas generates heat & changes Active resistance; reference resistance unchanged Explosion is prevented by Flame Arrestor Constant E or I power source required
Flammable gas
Combustible Gas Sensor (CGS) with DCUEX Tx
Point Infrared Detector Elements

Optical Beamsplitter Measurement Signal Detector
Permeable Gas Sapphire Mirror Cell
Optical Filters
Reference Signal Detector
Microprocessor and Electronics
Permeable Gas Cell
IR Source Lamp
Gas Concentration (LEL)
IR Transparent Window
Theory of Operation The infrared (IR) method of gas detection relies on the IR absorption characteristics of gases to determine their presence and concentration. IR gas detectors consist of an IR light source (transmitter) and light detector (receiver) to measure the intensity both at the absorption wavelength and a non-absorbed wavelength.
If gas is present in the optical path, it will affect the intensity of light transmitted between the light source and the detector.
This change in intensity provides the data for determining that a specific gas, or type of gas is present.
Open Path Gas Detector System Elements
10 - 60 m
Optical Beamsplitter
IR Source
Flammable hydrocarbon gas
Measurement Signal Detector
Optical Filters
Microprocessor and Electronics
Reference Signal Detector
As the IR beam reaches the receiver, it passes through a focusing lens and then passes through two narrow band IR filters an active and a reference wavelength. The detector computes the ratio between the two signals The instrument's output is a function of gas concentration times the length of the 8 surveillance path
Gas Concentration (LEL)
Fail-Safe Operation
Active Reference Active Reference
Clean Air
Failed Sensor
IR Signal Level
IR Signal Level
Active
Reference
Active
Reference
Hydrocarbon Gas
Failed IR-Source
IR Signal Level
IR Signal Level
Dirty Optics and Clean Air
Active
Reference
Failed Microprocessor = 0 mA
IR Signal Level
EQP Field Devices - Flame

UV/IR (X5200) - Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector UV (X2200) UV flame detector IR (X9800) - Single Frequency Infrared Flame Detector Multispectrum IR (X3301) -
Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle

UV photons strike tube cathode Cathode releases electron Electron strikes gas molecule Cascade effect occurs to anode Discharge is quenched, creates pulse (count) output Pulse output measured in CPS (counts per second) counts/gate: # of pulses (cps) required to occur within one gate in order to qualify gate length: unit of time consec. gates: # of consecutive gates required to be satisfied before a fire alarm output is provided
Plastic housing Cathode
Anode
Quartz Envelope Oi Test Source circuit board connectors (a,b,c,d)
Det-Tronics UV Sensor
Arc Rejection Signal Processing
Signal Processing
Analyzes the raw IR sensor signal randomness Rejects signals that do not meet randomness criteria
No Fire Alarm
Fire Alarm!
Automatic optical integrity calibrated to perform at all operating temperatures Internal lamps test each sensor at the precise wavelength once per minute to verify operation.
Area with Detection & Suppression

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
System Cabinet
ha ex t us
D
E
Control Net
ure los nc
GT Exit/Entry RR Flextronics
Lube Oil console
X3301 Thermals Fuel Gas System
DUCTWATCH
DCIO
A A
SCALE: NONE
TOLERANCE UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED ONE PLACE TWO PLACES THREE PLACES FRACTIONS ANGLES 0.0 0.00 0.000 X/XX DEGREES +/- .020 +/- .010 +/- .005 +/- 1/32 +/- 1
F.O. P.O. DESIGN BY: DATE: CHECKED BY:
XXX XXX Simon Pate 03/12/01
CUSTOMER: DETECTOR ELECTRONICS PROJECT: EAGLE QUANTUM

CONFIDENTIALTHIS DRAWING AND SPECIFICATION CONTAIN PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND ANY REPRODUCTION, DISCLOSURE, OR USE THEREOF IS EXPRESSLY PROHIBITED WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION OF DETECTOR ELECTRONICS CORPORATION
DETECTOR ELECTRONICS CORPORATION 6901 WEST 110TH STREET MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55438 DRAWING TITLE SIZE DRAWING NUMBER REV
A REV
03/12/01 DATE
INITIAL RELEASE DESCRIPTION
LOGIC & C&E SYMBOL LEGEND
B 1
Fire Detector Cone of Vision
How it Communicates
BN- 300
BRANNALARM Tilpasningsenhet FIRE ALARM Interface unit KNUS GLASSET TRYKK HER PRESS HERE BREAK Nr. No. GLASS
Supervised Inputs Heats, Smokes and MACs DCIO Module
Agent Release UV/IR Fire Detection X5200 ARM
Signal / Audible Devices SAM
I/O Modules Relay AIM IPM
24 vdc power supply
UV Fire Detection X2200
IR Fire Detection X9800 IDC Network Extender Toxic Gas Detection DCU / DCUEX
Battery
PSM
HC Gas Detection Eclipse MIR Fire Detection X3301

Ports Configuration (serial port) RS-485 serial Link (Modbus RTU) Redundant media ControlNet
Premier Controller
Supervised Digital inputs
OPC option
Operator Interface Station running S3 software Ver 2.8
X3301 Multispectrum Infrared Flame Detector

Extended Cone of Vision Combines the longest detection range with the best false alarm rejection capabilities Automatic oi a calibrated performance test that is automatically performed once per minute to verify complete detector operation capabilities. No testing with an external test lamp is required. The detector automatically performs the same test that a maintenance person with a test lamp would perform Magnetic oi / Manual oi
Smoke Detector
Ionization Smoke Detector
Optical Smoke Detector
Sensing chamber is black molded to prevent light
The chamber consists of a infrared LED and a photo diode

Every 3 seconds LED emits a bunch of collimated lights. The light from LED does not fall directly to Diode as it is kept in some angle When smoke enters into the chamber, some of the light is scattered and detected by the photo diode. If the resulting signal from diode is above a threshold value, LED will emit two more bunch at an interval of 2 sec. If it goes high then alarm state will be latched.
Heat Detector
Fire Detection Systems

Fusible loop Smoke detector UV/IR detector
Sprinkler
3IR detector Thermal detector
Suppression Systems
TPP- EG LQ-MCC TCPP Deluge
TCPP Control Room

ATF Deluge
Fire & Gas Panel

FGP#2 - Mimic Panel FGP#1 FGP#3 TCPP Mimic Panel
Mini-vesda for LQ MCC
Fusible loop panel
TPP FGP computer
Alarms
Platform Emergency Alarm Abandon Platform Alarm
Extinguishing Gas to be Released alarm
Emergency Manual operation
Enclosed Area Protection
Manual Release
Manual Release
FM-200 Bank
Emergency Beckons

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Fire and Gas system A basic understanding with our day to day job

WHY DO WE NEED FIRE & GAS PROTECTION SYSTEM????

How it Works Looks?

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) Systems

Emergency Alarm Systems

Combustible Gases-Lower & Upper Limits*

Too rich for ignition

Typical Combustible Gas Detector Range of Measurement

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)

Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)

How does Gas Detector work?

Types of Gas Detectors

Catalytic Sensor Operation

Combustible Gas Sensor (CGS) with DCUEX Tx

Point Infrared Detector Elements

Permeable Gas Sapphire Mirror Cell

Reference Signal Detector

Microprocessor and Electronics

Permeable Gas Cell

Open Path Gas Detector System Elements

Flammable hydrocarbon gas

Measurement Signal Detector

Microprocessor and Electronics

Reference Signal Detector

Gas Concentration (LEL)

Dirty Optics and Clean Air

EQP Field Devices - Flame

Ultraviolet Sensor Operating Principle

Plastic housing Cathode

Quartz Envelope Oi Test Source circuit board connectors (a,b,c,d)

Arc Rejection Signal Processing

Area with Detection & Suppression

Lube Oil console

X3301 Thermals Fuel Gas System

F.O. P.O. DESIGN BY: DATE: CHECKED BY:

XXX XXX Simon Pate 03/12/01

CUSTOMER: DETECTOR ELECTRONICS PROJECT: EAGLE QUANTUM

INITIAL RELEASE DESCRIPTION

LOGIC & C&E SYMBOL LEGEND

Fire Detector Cone of Vision

Supervised Inputs Heats, Smokes and MACs DCIO Module

Agent Release UV/IR Fire Detection X5200 ARM

Signal / Audible Devices SAM

I/O Modules Relay AIM IPM

24 vdc power supply

UV Fire Detection X2200

HC Gas Detection Eclipse MIR Fire Detection X3301

Supervised Digital inputs

Operator Interface Station running S3 software Ver 2.8

X3301 Multispectrum Infrared Flame Detector

Ionization Smoke Detector

Optical Smoke Detector

Sensing chamber is black molded to prevent light

The chamber consists of a infrared LED and a photo diode

Fire Detection Systems

3IR detector Thermal detector

TCPP Control Room

Fire & Gas Panel

Mini-vesda for LQ MCC