Problem Formulation and Design of Combinational Circuits

Chapter 9 PROBLEM FORMULATION AND DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS
Lesson 1
Combinational Circuit
Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006
Outline
Definition Representation Seven Building Blocks Problem Formulation Specifications of each output
Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006 3
Definition
A combinational circuit is a circuit made up by combining logic gates such that the required logic at the output(s) depends only on the input logic present condition, both completely specified by either a truth table or by a Boolean expression
Characteristics
(i) An output(s) remains constant, as long input conditions do not require change in output(s), (ii) An output depends solely on the current input condition and not on any past input condition or past output condition,
Characteristics
(iii) A combinational circuit has no feedback of the output from a stage to the input of either that stage or any previous stage, and (iv) An output(s) at each stage appears after a delay in few tens or hundred ns depending upon the type or family of the gate used to implement the circuit
Outline
Combinational circuit representation
A block diagram for n inputs

and m outputs,
A truth table of 2n rows,
Combinational circuit representation n inputs, m outputs
Example- Truth Table Four Rows for 2 inputs and 1 output

Inputs A1 A2
0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1
Output F
1 0 0 0
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Combinational circuit representation

SOP terms (2n miniterms) for each
output
POS terms (2n maxterms) for each

output
Karnaugh map of n variables and 2n

cells
Outline
3 Building Blocks
NAND
NOR
AND-OR
4 Building Blocks
AND-OR-NOT
XOR XNOR OR-AND

Other Building Blocks
Decoder Multiplexer EPLD ROM FPGA

Outline
FORMULATION OF A PROBLEM IN A COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT First step is to select the combinational circuit(s) in a logic network for which the problem of designing as per specifications is to be solved. Criteria for whether a problem or its part is solvable by a combination circuit or not, is as follows:
Criteria for whether a problem or its part is solvable

(i) Check whether the required logic at the output(s) depends only on the input logic conditions, both completely specified by either a truth table or by a Boolean expression,
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Criteria for whether a problem or its part is solvable

(ii) Check whether an output(s) remains same, as long present input condition does not require the change in the output(s), and (iii) Check whether an output depends solely on the current input condition and not on any past input condition or past output condition.
Outline
Definition Representation by truth table, miniterm, maxterms Seven Building Blocks Problem Formulation Specifications of each output
Specification of each output as a function of input conditions 1. Specify the number of inputs, n. The n is also the number of literals in a Boolean expression for an output. 2. Specify the number of outputs, m. 3. Specify the delays permitted at the outputs
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Specification of each output as a function of input conditions 4. Specify the fan-ins permitted at the inputs. 5. Specify fan-outs permitted from the targets gates and building blocks. 6. Design a truth table for n inputs and m outputs. Each output corresponds to each possible combination of input conditions.
Specification of each output as a function of input conditions 7.Write a Boolean expression for the logic circuit for each output: The n is also the number of literals in a Boolean expression for output. 8. Specify as SOP or POS standard Format
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Specification of gate characteristics 9. Propagation delays 10. Fan-ins permitted are specified in the problem
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Specification of gate characteristics 11. If a possible combination of the input condition is unspecified or is dont care, specify it by x. [The Boolean expression for the output is an incomplete Boolean function.] 12. If a possible condition is high impedance output tristate, specify it by *
Summary
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A combinational circuit made up by combining logic gates such that:

Required logic at the output(s) depends only on the input logic present condition, Both (inputs and output) completely specified by a truth table or Boolean expression
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A combinational circuit Problem Formulation means Building block selection Defining Specifications
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End of Lesson 1
Combinational Circuit
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THANK YOU
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Chapter 9 PROBLEM FORMULATION AND DESIGN OF COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Combinational circuit representation

A block diagram for n inputs

A truth table of 2n rows,

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Combinational circuit representation n inputs, m outputs

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Example- Truth Table Four Rows for 2 inputs and 1 output

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Combinational circuit representation

POS terms (2n maxterms) for each

Karnaugh map of n variables and 2n

XOR XNOR OR-AND

Other Building Blocks

Decoder Multiplexer EPLD ROM FPGA

Criteria for whether a problem or its part is solvable

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Criteria for whether a problem or its part is solvable

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

A combinational circuit made up by combining logic gates such that:

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

Ch09L1-"Digital Principles and Design", Raj Kamal, Pearson Education, 2006

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