TEST 1 – Amount of Substance – Follow Up Questions

Q1. Zinc forms many different salts including zinc sulfate, zinc chloride and zinc fluoride.
(a) People who have a zinc deficiency can take hydrated zinc sulfate (ZnSO4.xH2O) as a
dietary supplement.

A student heated 4.38 g of hydrated zinc sulfate and obtained 2.46 g of anhydrous zinc
sulfate.

Use these data to calculate the value of the integer x in ZnSO4.xH2O

Show your working.

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(3)

(b) Zinc chloride can be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction between zinc oxide and
hydrochloric acid.
The equation for the reaction is

ZnO + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2O

A 0.0830 mol sample of pure zinc oxide was added to 100 cm3 of 1.20 mol dm−3
hydrochloric acid.

Calculate the maximum mass of anhydrous zinc chloride that could be obtained from the
products of this reaction.

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(4)
 (c) Zinc chloride can also be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction between zinc and
hydrogen chloride gas.

Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2

An impure sample of zinc powder with a mass of 5.68 g was reacted with hydrogen
chloride gas until the reaction was complete. The zinc chloride produced had a mass of
10.7 g.

Calculate the percentage purity of the zinc metal.

Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

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(4)
(Total 11 marks)

Q2.
Calcium hydroxide is almost insoluble in water, but it reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Ca(OH)2(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + 2 H2O(l)

A student adds 100 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid to

0.600 g of solid calcium hydroxide.

(a) Show, by calculation, that the calcium hydroxide is in excess.

(2)
(Total 2 marks)
Q3.
(a) Sodium carbonate forms a number of hydrates of general formula Na2CO3.xH2O

A 3.01 g sample of one of these hydrates was dissolved in water and the solution made
up to 250 cm3.
In a titration, a 25.0 cm3 portion of this solution required 24.3 cm3 of 0.200 mol–1 dm–3
hydrochloric acid for complete reaction.

The equation for this reaction is shown below.

Na2CO3 + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H2O + CO2

(i) Calculate the number of moles of HCl in 24.3 cm3 of 0.200 mol dm–3 hydrochloric
acid.

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(ii) Deduce the number of moles of Na2CO3 in 25.0 cm3 of the Na2CO3 solution.

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(iii) Hence deduce the number of moles of Na2CO3 in the original 250 cm3 of solution.

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(iv) Calculate the Mr of the hydrated sodium carbonate.

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(5)

(b) In an experiment, the Mr of a different hydrated sodium carbonate was found to be 250.
Use this value to calculate the number of molecules of water of crystallisation, x, in this
hydrated sodium carbonate, Na2CO3.xH2O

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(3)
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.
(a) The equation for the reaction between magnesium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid is
shown below.

Mg(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Calculate the volume, in cm3, of 1.00 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid required to react
completely with 1.00 g of magnesium hydroxide.

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(4)
(Total 12 marks)

Q5.
(a) The mass of one mole of 1H atoms is 1.0078 g and that of one 1H atom is
1.6734 × 10–24 g.
Use these data to calculate a value for the Avogadro constant accurate to five significant
figures. Show your working.

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(2)

(b) How does the number of atoms in one mole of argon compare with the number of
molecules in one mole of ammonia?

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(1)

(c) A solution containing 0.732 mol of ammonia was made up to 250 cm3 in a volumetric flask
by adding water. Calculate the concentration of ammonia in this final solution and state
the appropriate units.

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(2)
 (d) A different solution of ammonia was reacted with sulphuric acid as shown in the equation
below.

2NH3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → (NH4)2SO4(aq)

In a titration, 25.0 cm3 of a 1.24 mol dm–3 solution of sulphuric acid required 30.8 cm3 of
this ammonia solution for complete reaction.

(i) Calculate the concentration of ammonia in this solution.

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(ii) Calculate the mass of ammonium sulphate in the solution at the end of this titration.

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(6)

(e) The reaction of magnesium nitride, Mg3N2, with water produces ammonia and
magnesium hydroxide. Write an equation for this reaction.

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(2)
(Total 13 marks)

Q6.
(a) Calculate the concentration, in mol dm–3, of the solution formed when 19.6 g of hydrogen
chloride, HCl, are dissolved in water and the volume made up to 250 cm3.

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(3)
 (b) The carbonate of metal M has the formula M2CO3. The equation for the reaction of this
carbonate with hydrochloric acid is given below.

M2CO3 + 2HCl → 2MCl + CO2 + H2O

A sample of M2CO3, of mass 0.394 g, required the addition of 21.7 cm3 of a

0.263 mol dm–3 solution of hydrochloric acid for complete reaction.

(i) Calculate the number of moles of hydrochloric acid used.

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(ii) Calculate the number of moles of M2CO3 in 0.394 g.

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(iii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of M2CO3

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(iv) Deduce the relative atomic mass of M and hence suggest its identity.

Relative atomic mass of M ________________________________________

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Identity of M ____________________________________________________
(6)
(Total 9 marks)

Q7.
(a) An atom has half as many protons as an atom of 28Si and also has six fewer neutrons
than an atom of 28Si. Give the symbol, including the mass number and the atomic number,
of this atom.

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(2)
(Total 2 marks)
Q8.
(a) Lead(II) nitrate may be produced by the reaction between nitric acid and lead(II) oxide as
shown by the equation below.

PbO + 2HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O

An excess of lead(II) oxide was allowed to react with 175 cm3 of 1.50 mol dm–3 nitric acid.
Calculate the maximum mass of lead(II) nitrate which could be obtained from this
reaction.

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(4)
(Total 4 marks)