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    inbound5352400267074695713

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    Derya Altınay

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    inbound5352400267074695713

    Uploaded by

    Derya Altınay
    3 views11 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views11 pages

    inbound5352400267074695713

    Uploaded by

    Derya Altınay

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 11

    Understanding Personality

    Defining Personality
    • A person’s pattern of thinking,
    feeling and acting.
    • Personality can be divided into layers
    • Conscious- Things we are aware of
    • Preconscious- Things we can be aware
    of if we think of them
    • Unconscious- Deep hidden reservoir
    that holds the true “us”. All of our
    desires and fears
    General Classifications of Personalities

    Type A Personalities Type B Personalities


    • Feel time pressure. • Relaxed and easygoing.
    • Easily angered. • But some people fit in neither
    • Competitive and ambitious. type.
    • Work hard and play hard.
    • More prone to heart disease
    than rest of population.
    Trait Theories of Personality
    • Theorists believe that we
    can describe people’s
    personalities by specifying
    their main characteristics
    (traits).
    • Traits like honestly, laziness,
    ambition, outgoing are
    thought to be stable over the
    course of your lives
    • Criticized for not taking into
    account individual
    differences
    Nomothetic Theory
    • The same traits can be used to describe all
    peoples personalities
    • Places people along an introversion and
    extroversion scale
    • BIG FIVE personality traits:
    1. Extraversion
    2. Agreeableness
    3. Conscientiousness
    4. Neuroticism
    5. Openness to experience
    • Factor Analysis is used to see the clusters
    and score these tests
    Idiographic Theory
    • Using the same set of
    traits to classify
    everyone is impossible
    • Each person may have a
    few traits that are
    unique to them
    • Selfish may be important
    to describe one person
    but not another
    Biological Theory of Personality
    • Examines idea that personality can be
    inherited
    • Personality temperaments do seem to
    be stable from infants to old age
    • People generally have the same personality
    from development to death
    • Somatotype Theory
    • Idea that body shape can actually influence
    personality
    • Ex. Muscular tend to be more aggressive
    Behaviorist Theory of Personality
    • The way most people think of
    personality is meaningless
    • Personality changes according to the
    environment
    • Reinforcers and punishments
    • If you change environment then you
    change the personality
    Humanistic Theory of Personality
    • Do not believe in Determinism
    • Your actions are dictated by your
    past
    • They believe that humans have
    free will
    • Our ability to choose your own
    destiny
    • We are innately good and as long
    as our self-esteem and self-
    concept are positive we will be
    happy
    Socio-Cultural Theory of Personality
    • Focus on how we interact with our
    culture and environment
    • Reciprocal Determinism
    • Traits, environment and behavior all
    interact and influence each other
    • External Locus of Control can lead to a
    state of learned helplessness
    Assessing Personality
    • Most common way is self-report inventories.
    • Ex. MMPI- Minnesota Multiphasic Personality
    Inventory
    • Test must be
    • Reliable- does it yield the same results over time.
    • Valid- does it measure what it is supposed to
    measure.
    • The Barnum Effect
    • People have the tendency to see themselves in
    vague, stock descriptions of personality.
    • Horoscopes, astrologers and psychics all use this
    concept to make “predictions”, in reality they’re just
    making vague generalizations

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