Chapter1chemfinalwithpyqs Notes
Chapter1chemfinalwithpyqs Notes
Chapter1chemfinalwithpyqs Notes
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CHEMICAL REACTION
• A process in which new chemical (s) are formed
• Hydrogen gas react with oxygen gas to produce water
under some condition
CHEMICAL EQUATION
• Simple representation of a chemical reaction with symbols and
formula.
• Hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen gas to produce water under
some conditions
F E C T S
State
Formation
of Evolution Colour Temperature change
precipitate of a gas change change
BALANCED CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
• Number of Atoms of each element in a chemical
equation Should be the same on LHS & RHS
• Why Balance ??
• Conservation of mass – total mass of reactants should be
equal to total mass of products
Practice:
1. Zn + HCL —-----> Zncl2 + H2
Metals → Zn , Fe , Na , Al , Mg , Mn , Cu , Ca , Pb , Ba
Non - Metals → Cl , Br , S , N , C
O
H
A+B AB
P+Q+R X
Mg(s) + O2(g) → MgO(s) + Heat
(White )
Imp Points
(i) Mg burns with Dazzling white flame ACTIVITY 1.1
Reaction
(Very bright light)
temperature increases
Reaction
Q.1 Why do we rub magnesium with sandpaper?
Ans. To remove any layer of magnesium oxide already present
on magnesium ribbon.
Imp Points
(i) Rise in temperature (exothermic) ACTIVITY 1.4
(ii) Quick lime reacts vigorously
with water
(iii) Water added slowly because
reaction is exothermic
(iv) Combination & Exothermic Reaction
(v) Quicklime used in making cement
Q. The balanced chemical equation showing reaction
between quicklime and water is (CBSE 2023)
A. (a) 2CaO + H2O ------------------> 2CaOH + H2 + Heat
B. (b) CaO + H2O ------------------> Ca(OH)2 + H2 + Heat
C. (c) CaO + H2O ------------------> Ca(OH)2 + Heat
D. (d) 2CaO + 3H2O ------------------> 2Ca(OH)3 + O2 + Heat
AB ------> A + B
DECOMPOSITION
Imp Points
ACTIVITY 1.5
A paris of
II. Brown fumes → NO2(g) – irritating
tongs
Heating of
lead
Boiling Tube smell
Lead
Nitrate and
emission of
nitrate
III. Yellow solid residue → PbO(s)
nitrogen
dioxide Burner
IV. NO2 gas is acidic in nature & turns
moist blue litimus red
Thermal Decomposition &
Endothermic Reaction
Q. The emission of brown fumes in the given experimental setup is
due to: (CBSE 2023)
P A O
Imp Points (i) Volume of gas H2 : O2 = 2 : 1
(ii) Burning candle near
ACTIVITY 1.8
Sunlight
AgCl(s) Ag(s) + Cl2(g)
(White) (Grey)
Sunlight
AgBr(s) Ag(s) + Br2(g)
B. Name the type of chemical reaction taking place and write the chemical
equation for the reaction
C. State one use of reaction . Name one more chemical which can be used for
the same purpose
DISPLACEMENT REACTION:
More reactive element replaces a less reactive element from its compound
A + BC → AC + B
REACTIVITY
SERIES
Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq)
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq)
Light green
Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) →
ACTIVITY 1.3
OBSERVATIONS
Cork
(i) H 2 gas is colorless & odorless, burn with
pop sand & extinguishes burning candle
Glass Tube
(ii) Temp increases, reaction is highly
exothermic
EXAMPLES:
1. Respiration
Carbohydrates
→
C6H12O6 Glucose
EXAMPLES:
Decomposition of:
Heat
FeSO4 Crystal FeSO4 ---->
Heat
CaCO3 (s) CaCO3 ---->
Heat
Pb(NO3)2(s) Pb(NO3)2 ---->
Heat
AgCl (s) AgCl ---->
Heat
AgBr (s) AgBr ---->
Heat
H2O(I) H2O ---->
Q. Select endothermic reaction from the following:
(CBSE 2023)
A. Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost.
B. Decomposition of calcium carbonate to form quick lime and carbon dioxide.
C. Burning of a candle.
D. Process of respiration.
OXIDATION & REDUCTION
Oxidation: If a chemical (A) Reduction: If a chemical (B)
CuO + H2 → Cu + H2 O
REDOX REACTIONS
Q. MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H2O + Cl2 (CBSE 2024)
(a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (ii) only (d) (iii) and (iv) only
Oxidation Of Copper
Heat
Cu(s) + O2(g) CuO(s)
Reddish/Brownish Black colour
ACTIVITY 1.11
OBSERVATIONS
(i) Reddish/Brownish copper metal changes to black
colour CuO(s)
Heat
CuO(s) + H2(g) Cu(s) + H2O
Corrosion :
When a metal is attacked by substances around it such as
moisture ( water vapour + oxygen ) , acid etc., it is said to
corrode and this process is called corrosion.
Examples -
1) Rusting of Iron
3) Tarnishing of silver
Burning Of Paper Fermentation of grapes Souring Of Milk Curd from milk is left in Rusting of iron
a room during summer
Food Digestion Food Cooking Respiration Chemical Battery Usage Baking a cake
PHYSICAL CHANGE
• No chemical reaction happens.
• Shape, size, state, etc. may change.
• No new chemical is formed.
Boiling water from Melting of ice to Melting of wax Crushing a paper cup Crystallization
the evaporating dish give water
1. Which of the following is a physical change? (CBSE 2020)
CBSE -2020
A. Formation of curd from milk
B. Ripening of fruits
C. Getting Salt from sea water
D. Burning of wood