A MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

ONLINE CAR RENTAL SYSTEM

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

The Award of Degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

BY

T. AKHILA (21C31A0562)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. K. SHOBHAN BABU

Assistant Professor, Department of CSE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

(AUTONOMOUS)
Accredited by NBA (UG-CE, ECE, ME, CSE, EEE Programs) & NAAC A+ Grade
(Affliated to JNTU Hyderabad and Aprroved by the AICTE, New Delhi)
NARSAMPET, WARANGAL – 506331.

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 BALAJI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(AUTONOMOUS)
Accredited by NBA (UG-CE, ECE, ME, CSE Programs) & NAAC A+ Grade

(Affliated by JNTU Hyderabad and Approved by the AICTE, New Delhi)

NARSAMPET, WARANGAL – 506331.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that T. AKHILA (21C31A0562) of B. Tech IV–I Sem has satisfactorily
completed the Mini Project entitled “ONLINE CAR RENTAL SYSTEM”, as part of
curriculum in Computer Science Engineering during academic year 2024-2025.

Name of Supervisor Head of Department

Mr. K. SHOBHAN BABU Dr. BANDI KRISHNA

Assistant Professor Associate Professor & Head of Department

Department of CSE Department of CSE

External Examiner

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our guide, Mr. K. SHOBHAN BABU
whose knowledge and guidance have motivated us to achieve goals. I never thought possible.
He has consistently been a source of motivation, encouragement and inspiration. The time I
have spent working under his supervision has truly been a pleasure.

I thank our HoD, DR. BANDI KRISHNA for his effort and guidance and all senior
faculty members for their help during my course. Thanks to programmers and non-teaching staff
of CSE Department of our college.

I heartily thank to our Principal Dr. V. S. HARIHARAN for giving this great opportunity
and his support to complete my project.

I would like to appreciate the guidance given by project coordinator as well as the panels
especially in my project presentation that has improved my presentation skills by their comment
and tips.

Finally Special thanks to our parents for their support and encouragement throughout my
life and this course. Thanks to all my friends and well-wishers for their constant support.

T. AKHILA (21C31A0562)

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 ABSTRACT
Traveling is a great way for people to explore new places, gain fresh perspectives, and
take a break from their daily routines, and our project aims to simplify the car rental process
using the latest technologies Renting a car is often necessary for those who don't have access
to their own vehicle, but the process can be complicated by issues like hidden charges, driver
cancellations, or long trips. To address these challenges, we've developed a system that allows
users to easily find and book rental cars, enhancing both customer experience and business
efficiency. To address these issues, we have developed a system using PHP and My SQL that
streamlines car rental bookings, enhancing customer satisfaction and business efficiency.

Our system includes self-driving rental cars and reserving cars. These allow users to book
cars based on their travel schedule, companions, and the type of trip. Unlike traditional
platforms, our platform uniquely facilitates vehicle rentals offering a diverse range of options
for users. The online car rental system aims to set a new industry standard by offering
flexibility, trust, and personalized service.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. CONTENTS PAGENO.

1 Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Purpose 2

2 System Analysis 4

2.1 Introduction 4

2.2 Analysis Model 4

2.3 Modules of the System 5

2.4 Existing System 9

2.5 Proposed System 10

3 Feasibility Study 12

3.1 Technical Feasibility 12

3.2 Operational Feasibility 13

3.3 Economical Feasibility 14

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4 Software Requirement Specification 15

4.1 Functional Requirements 15

4.2 Non-Functional Requirements 16

4.3 Performance Requirements 18

4.4 Hardware Requirements 19

4.5 Software Requirements 21

5 System Design 23

5.1 Introduction 23

5.2 UML Diagrams 24

6 Technology Description 29

7 Results 32

8 Screenshots 37

9 Conclusion 44

10 Future Enhancements 45

11 Bibliography 46

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1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
The car rental industry has grown significantly in recent years, driven by increased demand in
both business and personal travel. However, managing car rental operations poses challenges such as
inventory control, customer relationship management, scheduling logistics, secure payment
processing, and data protection. A comprehensive car rental management system is needed to address
these issues.

This project Online Car Rental System is a web-based online system because it's easier for the
customers to rent a car. This project Online Car Rental System has been provided car history details,
their engine and parts details, insurance registration and expiration details, car check in and check out
details, car servicing details, payment details etc.

This project also has to facility to check their customers and suppliers’ details and their payment
mode and status details along with date and time. First time customers will have to create a profile if
they are taking a car on rent and select the appropriate payment mode. However, customers are taking
this service by visiting the office, they will get their id and password. Customers will have the facility
to select any type of car, search car by their brand name. Upon selection of particular type customers
will able to get their entire details like rent type, cost for taking a particular car, mileage details in
kilometre an hour. This system can also help for customers to fill the basic information details like
name, address, total number of family members who also travel through the car, number of days to
take service, location to travel etc.

The main aim of this project Online Car Rental System project is to maintain records of cars.
Basically, this system helps Online Vehicle Rental shopper to make daily record and easy billing of
customers and also help to keep maintain monthly revenues and help to grow business. This system
work 24×7 because of its online existence. Customer can use this system from anywhere and anytime.
Customers can book car service from any were in the world and take service when they visit that city.

The proposed system enhances car rental management with tools for maintenance analysis and
identifying underutilized vehicles. It also improves customer data management, including personal
information, rental history, and preferences. The system streamlines the booking process, allowing
customers to search for available vehicles, make bookings, and select their preferred models and
brands.

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The system's architecture prioritizes user experience with an interactive, easy-to-navigate

interface. It also includes administrative tools for managing promotions and discounts, which can
attract customers and boost revenue. Additionally, a feedback system analyses customer behaviour
rental trends, and vehicle usage, providing insights for informed decision-making and competitive
strategy development in the car rental industry.

1.2 Purpose
An online car rental system simplifies the process of renting cars for customers, providing a
seamless and convenient experience. Customers can browse available vehicles, compare prices, and
choose the option that best suits their needs-all without needing to visit a physical rental location. The
system offers flexibility in booking times, pickup locations, and rental durations, making the rental
process more user-friendly.

For car rental companies, the system streamlines operations by automating tasks such as
booking management, vehicle tracking, and payment processing. This automation reduces manual
work, minimizes errors, and enhances overall efficiency. With real-time updates on vehicle availability
customers receive accurate information, which further improves their experience.

The system also ensures security and transparency in transactions. Secure payment gateways
protect the financial details of both customers and companies, while transparent pricing allows
customers to see any additional fees or insurance costs upfront. This fosters trust and clarity between
the customer and the service provider.

From a business standpoint, the system offers valuable data insights. Companies can analyse
customer preferences, vehicle demand, and booking trends, enabling them to optimize their fleet
improve marketing strategies, and make data-driven decisions. This helps enhance profitability and
deliver better service to customers.

Designed to be a comprehensive solution, the online car rental system simplifies the renting
process for customers while enhancing operational efficiency for rental companies. By leveraging
technology, the system creates a user-friendly platform that caters to the needs of both parties.

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Key features of the online car rental system include a user-friendly interface with intuitive
design, flexible booking options, vehicle availability, secure advance bookings, and transparent
pricing. These features benefit both customers and car rental companies. For customers, the system
provides convenience time savings, and access to customer support. For rental companies, it offers
operational efficiency, data-driven insights, and enhanced marketing opportunities.

In conclusion, investing in an advanced online car rental system positions businesses for
success in a competitive market. By embracing technology, both parties benefit from improved
convenience, security, and transparency in transactions. As the demand for flexible transportation
options continues to grow, the online car rental system simplifies the renting process and empowers
car rental companies with tools to enhance operational efficiency and profitability.

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2. SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Introduction
In the evolving landscape of transportation services, understanding the requirements for an
online car rental system is essential. The first step involves assessing existing car rental models, which
will inform the development of a more efficient and user-friendly solution. This analysis encompasses
evaluating current limitations and user expectations to establish a strong foundation for the proposed
system. By identifying both user needs and operational challenges, we can ensure the new system will
enhance user satisfaction and streamline business processes.

2.2 Analysis Model

The Model that is basically being followed is the WATERFALL MODEL, which states that the
phases are organized in a linear order. First of all the feasibility study is done. Once that part is over
the requirement analysis and project planning begins. If system exists one and modification and
addition of new module is needed, analysis of present system can be used as basic model. The design
starts after the requirement analysis is complete and the coding begins after the design is complete.
Once the programming is completed, the testing is done. In this model the sequence of activities
performed in a software development project are:

 Requirement Analysis

 Project Planning

 System design

 Coding

 Unit testing

 System integration & testing

Here the linear ordering of these activities is critical. End of the phase and the output of the one
phase is the input of another phase. Some of the qualities of spiral model are also incorporated like
after the people concerned with the project review completion of each of the phase the work done.
WATERFALL MODEL was being chosen because all requirements were known beforehand and the
objective of our software development is the online house rental system.

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Fig: Waterfall Model

2.3 Modules of the System

An online car rental system can be broken down into several key modules, each responsible for
specific functionalities

The modules involved are:

• Admin
• User
• Car booking module
• Database

Admin Module

The admin module in an online car rental system serves as the backbone of the entire platform,
providing administrators with the tools necessary to manage and oversee all operations effectively. It
allows them to see how many users are registered, the total number of bookings, and how many cars
are available. Administrators can also view different car brands, manage payment transactions, and
access user details, such as contact information and booking history. The dashboard visually displays
all these key metrics, giving a quick overview of the system's performance.

Key functionalities include:

• User Registration Monitoring: Track the total number of users registered in the system,
allowing for analysis of user growth and engagement.

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• Booking Management: View the total number of bookings made, facilitating oversight of
rental activity and trends.

• Vehicle Inventory Status: Monitor the number of cars available for rental, ensuring optimal
fleet management.

• Car Brands Overview: Access information on various car brands in the inventory, helping to
analyse brand popularity and customer preferences.

• User Details Access: View detailed user profiles, including contact information and booking
history, to enhance customer support and service.

User Module
The user module provides a smooth experience for customers. Users can easily create an
account or log in with their existing credentials. During registration, they enter their name, email,
phone number, and a secure password. After registering, users can update their profiles to keep their
information current. They can also search for cars based on criteria like make, model, rental price, and
vehicle type. Each car listing includes important details, such as specifications, availability, and rental
terms, along with high-quality images to help users make informed decisions before booking.

Key features include:

• User Registration and Login: Customers can easily sign up for an account by entering their
personal information, including name, email, phone number, and creating a secure password.
Returning users can log in using their existing credentials.

• Car Search and Filters: Users can search for available cars based on various criteria, such as
make, model, rental price, and vehicle type, making it easy to find a suitable option.

• Detailed Car Listings: Each vehicle listing includes essential information such as
specifications, availability, rental terms, and high-quality images, helping users make informed
decisions.

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• Booking Process: Users can easily select a vehicle, choose rental dates, and complete the
booking process with secure advance booking options.

• Booking Management: Customers can view and manage their bookings.

• Customer Support Access: Users can easily access customer support for assistance with any
inquiries or issues related to their bookings.

• Feedback and Ratings: After completing a rental, users can provide feedback or rate their
experience, helping improve the quality of service.

Car Booking Module

The Car Booking Module facilitates a seamless and efficient booking process for customers. It allows
users to browse available vehicles, customize their rental preferences, and complete the booking
process with minimal effort. This module also ensures that users have clear visibility into rental terms,
pricing, and availability. It provides real-time updates and secure payment options for a hassle-free
experience.

Key Features Include:

 Vehicle Selection : Users can browse through a wide range of cars filtered by criteria like
make, model, rental price, and vehicle type. Availability for the desired dates is clearly
displayed, ensuring a streamlined selection process.
 Rental Preferences and Dates: Users can specify rental start and end dates.They can also add
preferences for add-ons such as , child seats, or efficiency.
 Real-Time Pricing Calculation: Pricing is calculated dynamically based on the rental
duration, selected vehicle, and any additional services chosen. Any discounts, offers, or loyalty
points are applied during the booking process.
 Secure Booking Process: Users can confirm bookings by providing their details . A reservation
confirmation can be seen his profile immediately upon successful booking.
 Booking History: Users can access a comprehensive history of their past bookings for
reference or repeat rentals.

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 Customer Support Integration: For any issues or inquiries, users can directly connect with
customer support for immediate assistance, ensuring a smooth booking experience.

Database Module:

The Database Module in an online car rental system is a critical component responsible for
efficiently managing all the system's data. It stores, organizes, and retrieves information necessary for
users (customers and staff) to interact with the system. This module manages various aspects, including
customer information, vehicle details, reservations, bookings, long rental trips and more.

Key Features of the Database Module:

1.Customer Management:

• The system stores customer profiles, which include basic information such as names, contact
details, driver’s license information, and rental history.
• The data enables the system to track each customer's reservations, preferences, and their
eligibility for specific vehicle rentals (age restrictions, license validation, etc.).

2.Vehicle Inventory:

• The module maintains a real-time catalog of all available vehicles. Each vehicle is identified
by attributes like make, model, year, rental price, and current status (available, rented, or under
maintenance).

• Vehicles are classified based on their types (e.g., sedan, SUV, truck) and are linked to their
respective availability for rental, ensuring proper tracking of rental fleet status.

3.Reservation and Booking System:

• Facilitates the booking process by linking customers to vehicles for specified rental periods.
• Ensures that vehicles are not double-booked by checking availability and maintaining a
timeline of rentals.

• Manages pricing by calculating costs based on rental period and daily rates, and applies any
discounts or additional fees if necessary.

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4.Reports and Analytics:

• Generates reports on vehicle utilization, rental history, customer activity, and booking status.
• Provides insights into which vehicles are most rented and customer trends to inform business
decisions.

• Helps administrators track overdue rentals, upcoming reservations, and maintenance needs.

Database Structure:

• Users Table: Stores customer and staff information.

• Vehicles Table: Maintains vehicle data including make, model, and availability.
• Reservations Table: Links customers to vehicles for specific rental periods.

2.4 Existing System

An online car rental system is a digital platform that allows users to rent vehicles conveniently
through a website or mobile app. Users begin by registering an account, which involves providing
personal information and creating secure login credentials. Once registered, they can browse a wide
range of vehicles available for rental, complete with detailed descriptions, including make, model,
year, capacity, and rental pricing. The system features a search function that enables users to filter
options based on various criteria such as location, price range, and vehicle type, making it easier to
find the perfect car for their needs.

The booking process is designed for simplicity and efficiency. Users can select their desired
pick-up and drop-off locations, specify rental dates and times, and proceed to payment using various
methods like credit/debit cards, digital wallets, or online banking. Once the transaction is completed,
the user receives a booking confirmation, ensuring the vehicle is reserved for their selected period. To
enhance user experience, the system often incorporates dynamic pricing, reflecting changes in demand,
location, and seasonality, as well as promotional offers and discount codes.

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Both users and administrators benefit from intuitive dashboards. Users can view their booking

history, current reservations, while administrators have access to tools for managing car listings,

pricing, and customer inquiries. Vehicle management features include enabling real-time monitoring

of rented cars, as well as reporting on vehicle conditions and maintenance needs.

Disadvantages

• Inventory Shortages: High demand can lead to limited vehicle availability during peak times.

• Currency Limitations: Users from different regions may face issues with currency
conversions.

• Absence of customer support chat: Users have no immediate way to get assistance with their
inquiries or issues.

• Lack of mobile-specific functionality: Features like location-based search or one-tap booking

are often missing from mobile versions.

2.5 Proposed System

The proposed online car rental system aims to improve user experience and streamline
operations using advanced technology and a user-friendly design. It will offer a seamless interface for
browsing and booking vehicles, making the journey from registration to rental easy and intuitive.
Enhanced search and filter options will help customers quickly find vehicles that suit their needs, with
detailed profiles providing important information like specifications, availability, and high-quality
images.
The booking process will be straightforward, allowing users to select a vehicle, specify rental
dates and locations. A secure advance reservation will ensure fast and safe reservations with various
payment options, and users can view their booking details in their profile.

To boost customer satisfaction, the system will feature a user management module where
customers can access their profiles, view booking history, and manage current reservations. Users can
modify or cancel bookings easily, with clear guidelines provided. A rating and feedback system will
encourage users to share their experiences, building trust within the community.

For administrators, the system will improve operational management with a centralized
dashboard that provides real-time insights into bookings, revenue, and vehicle inventory. Advanced
reporting tools will analyse user behaviour and vehicle usage to inform marketing strategies.

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A customer support module will offer multiple channels for assistance, such as Feedback, email,
and phone support, addressing user inquiries promptly.

Finally, the system will prioritize security and data protection through robust encryption and
compliance with industry standards, building user confidence and loyalty. Overall, the proposed online
car rental system aims to create an efficient, user-friendly platform that meets customer needs while
optimizing operations for administrators.

By ensuring that user data is handled securely, the platform will build confidence and loyalty
among its users.

Advantages:

• Enhanced Vehicle Security

Online car rental systems employ advanced security measures to protect both customer data
and the vehicles. With encrypted transactions, customers can feel secure knowing their personal
information is safe and that only authorized users can access the vehicle.

• User-Friendly Interface
Most online car rental platforms feature simple, intuitive designs, making it easy for customers
to browse and book vehicles. This user-friendly approach enhances the overall rental
experience, even for those less tech-savvy.

• Convenience
24/7 Access: Customers can browse, book, and manage rentals anytime from anywhere with
an internet connection.
Easy Comparisons: Users can compare different vehicles, prices, and rental terms quickly.

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3. FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility study is a high-level capsule version of the entire process intended to answer a
number of questions like: What is the problem? Are there any feasible solutions to the given problem?
Is the problem even worth solving? Feasibility study is conducted once the problem is clearly
understood. Feasibility study is necessary to determine that the proposed system is feasible by
considering the technical, Operational, and Economical factors. By having a detailed feasibility study
the management will have a clear-cut view of the proposed system.

Preliminary investigation examines project feasibility, the likelihood the systems will be use
full to the organization. The main objective of the feasibility is to test the Technical, Operational
Economical feasibility if they are unlimited resources and infinite time. The following feasibilities are
considered for the project in order to ensure that the project is variable and it does not have any major
obstructions.

Feasibility study encompasses the following thing:

1.Technical Feasibility

2.Operational Feasibility

3.Economical Feasibility

3.1 Technical Feasibility

Technical feasibility is one of the first studies that must be conducted after the project has been
identified. In large engineering projects consulting agencies that have large staffs of engineers and
technicians conduct technical studies dealing with the projects. For example, In individual agricultural
projects financed by local agricultural credit corporations, the technical staff composed of specialized
agricultural engineers, irrigation and construction engineers, and other technicians are responsible for
conducting such feasibility studies.

The First step in the feasibility stage, Technical Feasibility, involves development of a working
model of the product or service. It is not necessary that the initial materials and components of the
working model represent those that actually will be used in the finished product or service. The purpose
of the working model is to demonstrate, to your own satisfaction, that the product or service is
functional and producible. It also provides a visual means to share your concept with others. The

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concept of a mechanical working model is easier to grasp and understand than software, service-related
products. E-commerce models require verification of the ability to integrate the computers, servers,
software and programming needed to support the operational concept. Services, packaged as a set of
value-added activities, should deliver observable benefits.

• A brief description of the business to assess more possible factors which could affect the study.

• All necessary technology exists to develop the system.

• This system is too flexible and it can be expanded further.

• This system can give guarantees of accuracy, ease of use, reliability and the data security.

• This system can give instant response to inquire.

• The human and economic factor.

• The possible solutions to the problem.

The technical feasibility assessment is focused on gaining an understanding of the present technical
resources of the organization and their applicability to the expected needs of the proposed system. It is
an evaluation of the hardware and software.

3.2 Operational Feasibility

Operational feasibility assesses the extent to which the required software performs a series of
steps to solve business problems and user requirements. This feasibility is dependent on human
resources (software development team) and involves visualizing whether the software will operate
after it is developed and be operative once it is installed.

In this step, we verify different operational factors of the proposed system like man-power, time
etc, whichever solution uses less operational resources, is the best operationally feasible solution. The
solution should also be operationally possible to implement. Operational Feasibility determines if the
proposed system user objectives could be fitted into the current system operation.

Operational feasibility also performs the following tasks:

• Determines whether the problem anticipated in user requirements are of high priority.

• Determines whether the solution suggested by the software development team is acceptable.

• Analyse whether users will adapt to a new software.

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• Determines whether the organization is satisfied by the alternative solutions proposed by the
software development team.

• The methods of proposing and presentation are completely accepted by the clients since they

can meet all user requirements.

• The clients have been involved in the planning and development of the system.

• The proposed system will not cause any problem under any circumstances. Our project is

operationally feasible because the time requirements and personal requirements are satisfied.

3.3 Economical Feasibility

Economic feasibility determines whether the required software is capable of generating
financial gains for an organization. It involves the cost incurred on the software development team
estimated cost of hardware and software, cost of performing feasibility study and so on.

Economically, this project is completely feasible because it requires no extra financial

investment and with respect to time, it’s completely possible to complete this project in 6 months. In
this step, we verify which proposal is more economical. We compare the financial benefits of the new
system with new investment.

The new system is economically feasible only when the financial benefits are more than the
investments and expenditure. Economic feasibility determines whether the project goal can be within
the resource limit allocated to it or not. It must determine whether it is worthwhile to process with the
entire project or whether the benefits obtained from the new system are not worth the costs. Financial
benefits must be equal or exceed the costs.

Software is said to be economically feasible if it focuses on the issues listed below. Cost incurred on
software development to produce long-term gains for an organization.

• Cost required conducting full software investigation (such as requirements elicitation and

requirements analysis).

• Cost of hardware, software, development team, and training.

• The cost of maintenance etc. Our project is economically feasible because the cost of
development is very minimal when compared to financial benefits of the application.

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4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

The main purpose for preparing this document is to give a general insight into the analysis and
requirements of the existing system or situation and for determining the operating characteristics of
the system. This document plays a vital role in the development life cycle and it describes the complete
requirement of the system. It is meant for use by the developers and will be the basic during testing
phase. Any changes made to the requirements in the future will have to go through formal changes and
approval process.

4.1 Functional Requirements

User Registration and Login

• The system shall allow users to create accounts by providing personal details such as name,
email, phone number, and password.

• The system shall allow users to log in using their email and password.

• The system shall allow administrators to log in with elevated privileges for managing the
system.

Vehicle Search

• The system shall allow users to search for available vehicles based on criteria such as date
vehicle type, seating capacity, rating and efficiency

• The system shall display vehicle details including make, model, type, price and other details.

Booking Management

• The system shall allow users to book vehicles by selecting a vehicle and providing rental start
and end dates.

• The system shall check the availability of the selected vehicle for the specified dates.

• The system shall allow users to view, edit, or cancel their bookings before the rental period
begins.

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Reservation Process

• The system shall display the total rental cost and any applicable fees before confirming the
booking.

• The system shall alert booking confirmation to customers after filling the details.

Vehicle Management (Admin)

• The system shall allow administrators to add new vehicles to the system.

• The system shall allow updating vehicle details such as availability status, maintenance status,
and daily rate.

• The system shall allow administrators to remove vehicles from the inventory when they are no
longer available.

Reservation Management (Admin)

• The system shall allow administrators view all current and future reservations.

• The system shall allow administrators to confirm or cancel reservations.

User Management (Admin)

• The system shall allow administrators to manage customer and staff accounts (add, edit,
deactivate users).

• The system shall provide a dashboard for administrators to view user activity.

Reporting and Analytics

• The system shall generate reports on vehicle usage, most rented vehicles, and revenue.

• The system shall generate reservation status reports (e.g., pending, confirmed, completed).

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4.2 Non-Functional Requirements

1. Performance

• The system should respond to user actions (like searching for cars or booking) within seconds.

• It should be able to handle multiple users at the same time without slowing down.

2. Scalability

• The system should be able to easily grow and handle more users, cars, and bookings as the
business expands.

• It should allow adding more servers if needed to support more users.

• The database should handle millions of records, like car details, user information, and
bookings.

3. Security

• All sensitive data (like passwords and payment info) should be encrypted for safety.

• Passwords should be securely stored to prevent unauthorized access.

• Only authorized users (like admins) should be able to access certain parts of the system.

4. Usability

• The system should be easy to use, with users able to book a car in 3 to 5 clicks.

• It should work well on all devices (phones, tablets, computers).

• Error messages should be clear and help users fix any issues.

5. Reliability

• The system should be up and running 99.9% of the time, so users can access it any time.

• If there’s a problem, it should recover within minutes.

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6. Availability

• The system should be available 24/7, so users can make bookings or manage rentals any time.

• Maintenance (like updates) should happen during off-hours and users should be notified in
advance.

7. Maintainability

• The system’s code should be easy to update and fix, so developers can easily maintain it.

• Updates should be done without causing downtime or affecting users.

8. Accessibility

• The system should be accessible to everyone, including people with disabilities (e.g., it should
work with screen readers and allow keyboard navigation).

• It should offer features like adjustable text size for easier use.

4.3 Performance Requirements

For an online car rental system, defining clear performance requirements ensures a smooth user
experience and efficient back-end processing.

1. Response Time

• Page Load Time: The homepage and key search pages should load within 3 seconds on
average.

• Search Response: Display search results (e.g., available cars, pricing, etc.) within 2 seconds
after entering search parameters.

• Booking Confirmation: Once the user confirms a booking, the system should complete the
process and display confirmation within 2–3 seconds.

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2.Scalability

• The system should be scalable to support increased loads, particularly during peak seasons. It
should be able to dynamically allocate resources to manage up to 200% of typical load during
high-demand periods.

3.Data Consistency and Integrity

• Ensure that data such as car availability, pricing, and user reservations is consistent across all
bookings.

4. Security and Compliance

• Data Protection: Process and store user data in line with data protection regulations

• Authentication: Login, booking and personal data entry should be secured and fully
encrypted.

5. Error Rate

• Error Tolerance: Ensure that the system maintains an error rate of less than 0.1% during all
interactions, including data retrieval, booking, and etc.

4.4 Hardware Requirements

The section of hardware configuration is an important task related to the software development that
may affect adversely on the speed and efficiency of the entire system.

The process should be powerful to handle the entire operations.

List of components

• Server-Side Requirements
• Client-Side Requirements

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Server-Side Requirements

• Processor: Multi-core CPU, ideally with 4+ cores for moderate traffic. For larger traffic, an 8+
core processor (like Intel Xeon or AMD EPYC) would be suitable.

• Memory (RAM): 16 GB for small to medium-sized operations; scale up to 32 GB or 64 GB if

expecting high traffic.

• Storage: SSDs for fast data retrieval. Start with 256 GB for small setups and scale up as data
(vehicle listings, images, user data) grows. Use RAID configurations or cloud-based solutions
for redundancy.

• Database Server: For managing booking and vehicle information, a separate server or cloud
database like MySQL, PostgreSQL, or MongoDB with high IOPS (Input/Output Operations
Per Second) can be beneficial.

• Network Bandwidth: Minimum 1 Gbps for optimal speed; consider cloud-based load
balancing if high traffic is expected.

• Backup and Disaster Recovery: Regular backups (daily or weekly) on a separate storage
solution or cloud for data redundancy.

Client-Side Requirements

• Device Compatibility: The system should work on various devices, including desktops,
laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

• Browser Requirements: Ensure compatibility with common browsers (Chrome, Firefox,

Safari, Edge). Keep the system lightweight and responsive for mobile use.

• Minimum Specifications for Users:

1. Any device with at least 4 GB of RAM.
2. A stable internet connection of at least 1 Mbps.
3. Modern web browser versions (updated within the last 2-3 years).

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4.5 Software Requirements

A major element in building a system is the section of compatible software since the software in
the market is experiencing in geometric progression. Selected software should be acceptable by the user
and as well as it should be feasible for the system. This document gives a detailed description of the
software requirement specification. The study of requirement specification is focused specially on the
functioning of the system. It allows the developer or analyst to understand the system, function to be
carried out the performance level to be obtained and corresponding interfaces to be established.

For an online car rental system, the software requirements involve selecting the right operating
system, database, programming languages, frameworks, and security features.

OPERATING SYSTEM:

The operating system determines the environment in which the application runs and is
essential for handling both the server and client-side software.

• Server OS: A Linux-based OS such as Ubuntu or CentOS is often preferred due to its stability,
security, and open-source nature. Windows Server can also be used if the system depends on
technologies specific to Windows.

• Client OS: The online car rental system should be compatible with all major operating systems,
including Windows, macOS, and Linux. If a mobile app is developed, it should support
Android (7.0 and above) and iOS (10.0 and above).

WEB TECHNOLOGIES:

The web technologies determine how the front-end (what the user sees) and back-end
(serverside processing) interact with the system.

Frontend:

• HTML/CSS: These are the basic building blocks for creating the structure and layout of web
pages.

• JavaScript: Used for adding interactivity and dynamic content to the website. It can help with
tasks such as real-time availability checks and making booking forms interactive.

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• Frontend Frameworks: React, Vue.js, or Angular are modern JavaScript frameworks that
make it easier to build fast, responsive, and dynamic user interfaces.

Backend:

• PHP: A popular server-side language for building dynamic websites. PHP used for web
development, providing tools for routing, database management, and authentication.

• Java Script: If the application needs real-time features (like live booking updates), java script
could be used for fast data processing.

Web Server:

• Apache: The most widely used web servers that will serve the car rental platform to users.
Apache is highly configurable and supports various modules.

DATABASE:

The database is where the car rental system stores user information, booking details, car
inventory.

• Relational Database:

o MySQL is the most commonly used relational database. It is ideal for managing structured
data and ensuring integrity through features like transactions and foreign keys.

DEVELOPMENT TOOLS:

These tools are used to manage and maintain the system during the development and maintenance
phases.

• IDE (Integrated Development Environment): Visual Studio Code is used for writing,
editing, and debugging code.

Key Features:

Extensibility: A vast marketplace of extensions for languages, frameworks, and tools (e.g., Python,
JavaScript, Docker, Git). Customizable through themes, keybindings, and settings.

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IntelliSense: Provides intelligent code completions based on variable types, functions, and
imported libraries.

Integrated Terminal: Allows users to execute commands without leaving the editor.

Git Integration: Built-in source control for seamless version management and collaboration.

Debugging: Rich debugging capabilities for a wide range of languages and frameworks.

Multi-Language Support: Supports dozens of programming languages out of the box, with the
option to add more via extensions.

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5. SYSTEM DESIGN
5.1 Introduction
Software design sits at the technical kernel of the software engineering process and is applied
regardless of the development paradigm and area of application. Design is the first step in the
development phase for any engineered product or system. The designer’s goal is to produce a model
or representation of an entity that will later be built. Beginning, once system requirement have been
specified and analysed, system design is the first of the three technical activities design, code and test
that is required to build and verify software.

During design, progressive refinement of the data structure, program structure, and procedural
details are developed reviewed and documented. System design can be viewed from either technical
or project management perspective. From the technical point of view, design is comprised of four
activities – architectural design, data structure design, interface design and procedural design.

5.2 UML Concepts

A UML diagram is a diagram based on the UML (Unified Modeling Language) with the
purpose of visually representing a system along with its main actors, roles, actions, artifacts or classes,
in order to better understand, alter, maintain, or document information about the system. Simply put,
UML is a modern approach to modelling and documenting software. In fact, it’s one of the most
popular business process modelling techniques.

It is based on diagrammatic representations of software components. As the old proverb says:

“a picture is worth a thousand words”. By using visual representations, we are able to better understand
possible flaws or errors in software or business processes.

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5.2.1 Use Case

A use case diagram at its simplest is a representation of a user’s interaction with the system that shows
the relationship between the user and the different use cases in which the user is involved

Fig 5.2.1: Use Case Diagram

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5.2.2 Class
Class diagram consists of classes, interfaces, associations, and collaboration. Class diagrams
basically represent the object-oriented view of a system, which is static in nature. The class diagram
depicts a static view of an application. It represents the types of objects residing in the system and the
relationships between them. A class consists of its objects, and also it may inherit from other classes.
A class diagram is used to visualize, describe, document various different aspects of the system, and
also construct executable software code.

It shows the attributes, classes, functions, and relationships to give an overview of the software
system. It constitutes class names, attributes, and functions in a separate compartment that helps in
software development. Since it is a collection of classes, interfaces, associations, collaborations, and
constraints, it is termed as a structural diagram.

Fig 5.2.2: Class diagram

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5.2.3 Activity
An activity diagram is a behavioural diagram i.e; it depicts the behaviour of a system. An
activity diagram portrays the control flow from a start point to a finish point showing the various
decision paths that exist while the activity is being executed.

Fig 5.2.3: Activity Diagram

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5.2.4 Sequence
A sequence diagram describes the flow of interactions between different components
of a system over time. For an online car rental system, the sequence diagram outlines the steps
involved in booking a vehicle, showing how the customer, web application, backend logic, database,
and payment gateway collaborate to complete the process.

Fig 5.2.4: Sequence Diagram

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6.TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION
6.1 VS CODE
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a free, open-source, lightweight, and highly customizable code editor
developed by Microsoft. It's a popular choice among developers due to its versatility, flexibility, and
extensive feature set.

Key Features:

1. Multi-language support: VS Code supports a wide range of programming languages, including

JavaScript, Python, Java, C++, C#, and many more.
2. Syntax highlighting: Colorized syntax highlighting for easier code reading and understanding.
3. Code completion: Intelligent code completion suggestions as you type.
4. Debugging: Built-in debugging tools with break points, call stacks, and variable inspection.
5. Extensions: A vast marketplace of extensions (over 10,000+) that add new features, languages, and
tools.
6. Version control: Integrated Git support for version control and collaboration.
7. Code refactoring: Tools to restructure and optimize code.
8. Integrated terminal: A built-in terminal for executing commands and testing code.

BENEFITS:
• Cross-platform compatibility: Available on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
• Fast performance: Lightweight and responsive, even with large projects.
• Customizable: Tailor the interface, theme, and settings to your preferences. 4.
Communitydriven: Active community contributes extensions, theme .

• An ideal choice for developers seeking a flexible, feature-rich, and highly customizable code
editor for various programming tasks.

Key Objectives:

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• Code Editing: Provide an intuitive interface for writing and editing code
• Language Support: Offer syntax highlighting, code completion, and debugging for various
programming languages

• Productivity: Boost development speed with features like auto-completion, refactoring, and
code snippets

• Extensibility: Allow users to customize and extend functionality through extensions

• Collaboration: Facilitate teamwork with integrated version control (Git) and collaboration
tools.
This website system design includes a front end built with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for a
structured, styled, and interactive user interface, while a back end, powered by a server, handles data
processing, user authentication, and API endpoints. A database (MySQL) stores user and content data,
supporting CRUD operations for dynamic functionality. Data flows securely through server-side
validation, sessions, and authentication, while responsive design and optimized content ensure
usability across devices. Hosted on platforms like AWS or locally on XAMPP, the system balances
efficient client-server interactions with robust data management and security features.

6.2 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

HTML is the foundational language used to structure content on web pages. It defines elements
like headings, paragraphs, images, links, and forms using tags (<h1>, <p>, <img>, etc.). HTML acts
as the backbone of a website, providing a logical, hierarchical layout of content. Each element can
have attributes, such as id and class, for styling and scripting purposes. HTML5, the latest version,
adds semantic tags like <header>, <footer>, and <section>, improving accessibility

6.3 CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is used to style HTML elements by specifying visual properties like colour, font, layout,
and spacing. CSS works by selecting HTML elements (e.g., h1, p, .class, #id) andapplying styles
through properties (e.g., colour: blue;, font-size: 20px;). With responsive design techniques, CSS can
create layouts that adapt to various screen sizes, enhancing the user experience on mobile, tablet, and
desktop. Frameworks like Bootstrap and Tailwind provide predefined style components, accelerating
development and maintaining design consistency.

6.4 PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)

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PHP is a server-side scripting language widely used for web development to create dynamic
and interactive web pages. It runs on the server, generating HTML to be sent to the client’s browser.
PHP can interact with databases (such as MySQL) to retrieve, insert, and manipulate data, making it
ideal for websites requiring user accounts, content management, or online transactions. PHP scripts are
executed on the server, allowing sensitive data processing to remain secure.

6.5 XAMPP
XAMPP is an open-source platform that provides an easy setup for a local development
environment, combining Apache (webserver), MySQL (database), and PHP (server-side language).
XAMPP enables developers to test websites locally on their machines, ensuring code and database
functions are error-free before deployment. It includes tools like phpMyAdmin for managing MySQL
databases, making XAMPP ideal for developing PHP-based web applications in a controlled
environment.

6.6 MySQL
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) used to store and retrieve
structured data for websites and applications. It organizes data into tables, enabling relationships
between different types of information, like users, products, and orders. SQL (Structured Query
Language) is used to perform database operations such as selecting, updating, and deleting data.
MySQL works seamlessly with PHP and is a core component of many content management systems
and dynamic websites due to its speed, scalability, and ease of use.

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7. RESULTS
login.html:
<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

<meta charset="UTF-8">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">

<title>Mini Project</title>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="login.css">

</head>

<body>

<div>

<nav class="navbar">

<h1 class="heading">Car E Rental</h1>

<ul class="navbar-items">

<li><a href="home.html"><b>Home</b></a></li>

<li><a href="#"><b>About</b></a></li>

<li><a href="login.html"><b>Rentals</b></a></li>

<li><a href="Contact.html"><b>Contact us</b></a></li>

<li><a href="login.html" ><b>Sign Up/Login</b></a></li>

<li><a href="admin_login.php" ><b>Admin</b></a></li>

</ul>

</nav>

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</div>

<div class="main">

<div class="col front-img">

<h2 id="tr">Travelling has never been easier!</h2>

<div class="flex">

<div>

<img class="image" src="./images/photo-1506015391300-4802dc74de2e-removebgpreview.png">

<h2 id="un">Unlock exclusive deals by logging in!</h2>

</div>

<div class="sign up">

<form class="login" method="POST" action="login.php">

<h2>Login</h2>

<input type="email" name="email_id" placeholder="Enter email" required><br>

<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Enter Password" required><br>

<button type="submit" id="login-submit">Login</button><br>

<a href="forgot.html" class="signup-links"><b>Forgot password?</b></a>

<p class="add"><b>or<b></p>

<p class="space"><b>Don't have an account?<b></p>

<a class="adj" href="signup.html" class="signup-links sign"><b>SignUp<b></a>

</form>

</div>

</div>

</div>

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</div>

<footer class="footer">

<p id="foo1">Copyright@2025 Car E Rental</p>

<p id="foo2">All rights reserved</p>

</footer>

</body>

</html>

login.php:
<?php

session_start();

$servername = "localhost";

$username = "root";

$password = "";

$dbname = "car_rental";

$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);

if ($conn->connect_error) { die("Connection failed: " . $conn-

>connect_error);

$createTableSql = "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS logged_in_users (

id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,

email_id VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

aadhar_number VARCHAR(12) NOT NULL,

login_time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP )";

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if ($conn->query($createTableSql) === TRUE) {

} else { die("Error creating table: " .

$conn->error); }

if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {

$email_id = $_POST['email_id'];

$password = $_POST['password'];

$stmt = $conn->prepare("SELECT * FROM users WHERE email_id = ?");

$stmt->bind_param("s", $email_id);

$stmt->execute();

$result = $stmt->get_result();

if ($result->num_rows > 0) { $user = $result-

>fetch_assoc(); if (password_verify($password,

$user['password'])) {

$_SESSION['logged_in'] = true;

$_SESSION['email_id'] = $user['email_id'];

$_SESSION['aadhar_number'] = $user['aadhar_number'];

$insertLoginSql = $conn->prepare("INSERT INTO logged_in_users (email_id, aadhar_number)

VALUES (?, ?)");

$insertLoginSql->bind_param("ss", $user['email_id'], $user['aadhar_number']); if

($insertLoginSql->execute()) { echo "<script>alert('Login successful!');

window.location.href='rentals.html';</script>";

} else {

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echo "<script>alert('Error logging the session.');

window.location.href='login.html';</script>";

$insertLoginSql->close();

} else {

echo "<script>alert('Incorrect password.'); window.location.href='login.html';</script>";

} else {

echo "<script>alert('No account found with this email. Please sign up first.');
window.location.href='signup.html';</script>";

$stmt->close();

$conn->close();

?>

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8.SCREENSHOTS

Fig 8.1: Sign-up page

Interface of a car rental website called "Car E Rental”. It’s a sign-up form for users to unlock exclusive
deals. The sign-up page allows users to create a new account by providing their personal information.
It includes fields for the user to enter their name, gender, email, password, address, phone number, and
mobile number. Once the user has filled out the required fields, they can click the "Sign Up" button to
complete the registration process.

Fig 8.2: We can see an alert message after successful registration

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Fig 8.3: Login Page

The login page allows users to access exclusive deals by entering their email and password. It
includes fields for the user to input their email and password, a "Login" button to submit the
login credentials, and a "Don't have an account? Sign Up" link for new users to register.

Fig 8.4: Alert message will appear after successful login

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Fig 8.5: Rentals Page

The Rentals page on this car rental website showcases different vehicle models. For each vehicle, the
page provides key specifications like engine size, seating capacity, fuel efficiency, and transmission
type. It also includes safety features like ABS, airbags, and TCS. The rental rates and discounts are
clearly displayed to help users find their "perfect ride".

Fig 8.6: Booking Section

The car booking section on this page allows users to input details for renting the vehicle. After filling
out the required information, the user can click the "Show Terms and Conditions" button to review the
rental agreement before booking.

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This booking form provides a straightforward way for customers to reserve for their desired rental
period and quantity, with the daily rate and total cost calculated automatically based on their inputs.

Fig 8.7: Aadhar number that you filled while booking should be validated
with the Aadhar number that you have registered within the Sign-up page.

Fig 8.8: Accept the terms and conditions for Booking Confirmation

Fig 8.9: Alert message will be received after successful booking

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Fig 8.10: Feedback Form

This page appears to be a feedback form for customers to provide their name, a
rating (1 to 5), and comments about their experience. The form has fields for the
user to enter their name, select a rating, and provide comments, with a "Submit
Feedback" button at the bottom. The instructions state "Please fill out this field" in
the comments section, indicating that the user is expected to provide feedback in
the designated area.

Fig:8.11

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The "Orders Page" typically serves as a centralized hub where users can
view and manage their purchase orders.

Fig 8.12: Orders Page

This page allows authorized administrators to access the backend or

management functions of the Car E Rental platform by entering their
username and password

Fig 8.13: Admin Login Page

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Fig 8.14: Admin Dashboard

This page indicates that an authorized admin has logged into the management
interface of the Car E Rental system. The "Click here to access the database"
message suggests the admin can now access and manage the backend data and
functionality of the rental platform.

Fig 8.15: Database tables where admin can confirm or decline booking

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9.CONCLUSION
The online car rental system leverages modern technology to streamline the rental process,
enhancing convenience and accessibility for customers while optimizing operations for the business.
By integrating a responsive and user-friendly frontend, a robust backend, and scalable cloud
infrastructure, the system offers a seamless experience from booking to vehicle return. Security
measures ensure the safety of sensitive information, while analytics provide insights into customer
behaviour and business performance. With additional capabilities, the system is designed to meet the
evolving needs of both users and the rental company. This comprehensive solution not only increases
operational efficiency but also enhances customer satisfaction, positioning the business for sustainable
growth in the competitive car rental market.

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10.FUTURE ENHANCEMEMNTS
An online car rental system is a digital platform that enables customers to search for reserve
and manage car rentals through a website or mobile app. It streamlines the rental process, providing
users with convenient access to various types of vehicles, rental terms, and pricing options. Through
an intuitive interface, users can browse available vehicles, select pick-up and drop-off locations, and
secure bookings with real-time availability updates.

The system typically integrates secure payment gateways, allowing customers to complete
transactions online, and uses backend management tools to support the rental company with fleet
management, customer data, and reservation tracking. Advanced features may include AI-driven
vehicle recommendations, dynamic pricing, and personalized offers, enhancing the customer
experience by tailoring options to individual preferences.

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11.BIBILIOGRAPHY

1. Amey Thakur, Car Rental System,2021, International journal for research in applied Science
and Engineering Technology.
2. Bayu Waspodo, Qurrotul Aini and Syamsuri Nur Development of Car Rental Management
Information Systems (Case Study: Avis Indonesia) January 2011.
3. Online car rental system using web technology, Vijaykumar Mohite, Pallavi Murkute, Sayali
Kakade, 2022-05- 16.
4. Soares, Hecio A., and Raimundo S. Moura. A methodology to guide writing Software
Requirements of Specification document. 2015-Latin American Computing Conference
(CLEI), pp. 1-11. IEEE, 2015.
5. Carroll, William J., and Richard C. Grimes. The Evolutionary change in product management
Experiences in the car rental industry. Interfaces-25, no. 5 (1995): 84-104.
6. Fink, Andreas, and Torstern Reinersson. "Modeling and solving the short-term car rental
logistics problem." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 42,
no. 4 (2006): 272-292.
7. Beck, Kento, Mike Bedlle, Annie Van Bengiman, Alistair al. Cockburn, Ward Cunningham,
Martin Fowler, James Grenning, et "Manifesto for development." (2001): 2006.
8. Abrahamson, Pekia and Julani Wasta. "Agile software development methods: Review and
analysis." arxiv arXiv:1709.08439(2017).
9. Khaleed, Shamsi Arefin, Mr. Shah Mostafa, Datta Rajib Kumar, and Ariful Tuhin. The Software
Requirements Specification for Online Car Rental System- (2015).
10. Harwani, Binntu. "Installing XAMPP and Joomla." In Foundations of Joomla, pp. 9-51. Apress,
Berkeley, CA, 2015.
11. Friends, Apache. "XAMPP Apache+ MariaDB+ PHP+ Perl." Apache Friends (2017).

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