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    Presentation12

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    of 10

    Geotechnical Failures

    The Samanalawewa Dam Case Study

    INDEX: EGT22/460

    NAME :U.V.V GUNASINGHA


    Introduction to the Samanalawewa Dam
    12/1/2024

    PURPOSE

    The Samanalawewa Dam was


    built in the 1980s to provide
    hydroelectric power and
    irrigation water to the
    surrounding region.

    LOCATION

    THE SAMANALAWEWA DAM IS


    LOCATED IN THE SABARAGAMUWA
    PROVINCE OF SRI LANKA

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 2


    12/1/2024

    Introduction to the Samanalawewa Dam

    SIZE CAPACITY

    • The dam is a concrete • The reservoir has a storage


    gravity structure, standing capacity of 2180 million
    130 meters tall and 522 cubic meters, making it a
    meters long. major water resource for
    the region.

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 3


    12/1/2024

    Geological Conditions
    Of Dam Area

    Geologically the project is in an


    area of karst within the
    Highland series of the Sri
    Lankan Precambrian complex
    comprised of crystalline
    metamorphic rocks.

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 4


    12/1/2024

    WHAT IS
    THE FAILURE?

    During the early stages of the


    Samanalawewa Dam's operation, a
    significant water leak was discovered on
    the right-hand bank of the dam. To
    clarify, the terms "left" and "right" banks
    of a river are defined based on the
    perspective of someone standing and
    facing the downstream flow of the river.
    Similarly, the leak at Samanalawewa was
    identified on its right bank, highlighting a
    critical structural issue in this area.
    This is the water leak at
    Samanalawewa; 2,200 litres of water
    have been leaking every second for
    the past 30 years
    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 5
    12/1/2024

    IMPACT Water Leakage:


    • The reservoir experienced
    OF THE leakage rates of up to 2.2 cubic
    meters per second initially.
    FAILURE Hydropower Generation:
    • Designed capacity: 120 MW.Due
    to leakage and inefficiencies, the
    actual power generation fell short.

    Economic Losses:

    • Estimated losses from reduced


    generation and maintenance
    costs: Over Rs. 2 billion annually,
    impacting the Central Electricity
    Board's (CEB) revenues

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 6


    Causes of Failure
    12/1/2024

    ENGINEERING FACTORS GEOLOGICAL FACTORS:

    • Inadequate Site • The dam's foundation was


    Investigation built on rock formations
    • Engineering Design and with deep open faults and
    Execution Issues: interconnected fractures.

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 7


    12/1/2024

    MEASURES
    TAKEN FOR
    PREVENTION

    As a remedial measure, a 100m-deep, 1300m-


    long grout curtain was constructed, using
    13,640 tons of cement

    The next remediation effort consisted of


    installing a liner of clay over the suspected
    ingress zones. Even after using 50,000m³ of
    clay, the leakage could not be stopped,
    although it did help to reduce groundwater
    pressure in the right bank.

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 8


    12/1/2024

    • Conducting detailed pre-


    construction surveys to identify
    potential risks, such as faults,
    fractures, and high-permeability
    zones.
    • Understanding site-specific
    geological complexities to prevent
    unexpected challenges.
    • Designing robust seepage control
    measures, including grout curtains
    and liners, with contingency plans
    for possible leakage.
    The lessons from the • Monitoring and adapting to
    Samanalawewa Dam evolving site conditions during and
    failure after construction.
    • Post-Construction Monitoring

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 9


    12/1/2024

    Thank you

    SAM PLE FOOTER TEXT 10

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