Unit 13 CRP Report 2021 2022 -Digital Transformation

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Programme title BTEC HND in Computing
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Unit(s) Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Final Research Report – The environmental impact of digital

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Student Name/ID
Unit Title Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Assignment Number 1 Assessor
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Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd

submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO2 Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen computing research project
Pass, Merit & Distinction

P3 P4 M2 D1
Descripts
LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

P5 M3 D2
Descripts
LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

P6 P7 M4 D3
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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Project Report
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I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present
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assignments for this program.
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Higher National Diploma in Computing
Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number
Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project

Academic Year 2021/22
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title Final Research Project Report

Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
Submission format
 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

 This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font size
12.
 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all
work must be supported with research
 referenced using the Harvard referencing system.
 Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
 The recommended word limit is minimum 4,500 words
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO2. Conduct and analyse research relevant to a chosen computing research project
LO3. Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders
LO4. Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Learner is now required to provide a comprehensive research project report based on the findings
of secondary and primary research carried out on the project proposal submitted in the previous
section on ‘the Environmental Impact of Digital Transformation’.
The Learner requires to produce a detailed research project report covering following areas
 Conduct primary and secondary research using appropriate methods for a computing
research project that consider costs, access and ethical issues. Carry out your research and
apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse research findings and data and discuss merits,
limitations and pitfalls experienced during data collection and analysis.
 Draw conclusion based on the research findings.
 Communicate the outcomes of your research project to the identified audience and a
critical evaluation of the outcomes demonstrating if the research objectives were met.
 Reflect on the success of your research project and your performance at the end of the
project with the inclusion of a project evaluation and recommendations for future
improvements. Consider alternative research methodologies and lessons learnt in view
of the outcomes .
Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using

appropriate methods for a computing research project
that consider costs, access and ethical issues
P4 Apply appropriate analytical tools to analyse
research findings and data.
M2 Discuss merits, limitations and pitfalls of
approaches to data collection and analysis.
P5 Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate
manner for the intended audience.
M3 Coherently and logically communicate outcomes
to the intended audience, demonstrating how outcomes
meet set research objectives.
D2 Communicate critical analysis of the outcomes and
make valid, justified recommendations.
P6 Reflect on the effectiveness of research methods
applied for meeting objectives of the computing
research project.
P7 Consider alternative research methodologies and
lessons learnt in view of the outcomes.
M4 Provide critical reflection and insight that results in
recommended actions for improvements and future
research considerations.
D3 Demonstrate
reflection and
engagement in the resource process
leading to recommended actions for future
improvement.
The study on environmental implications of e-waste in the home environment
with on Sri Lanka.
By
<Name>
<Pearson ID>
Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

COMPUTING RESEARCH PROJECT MODULE OF PEARSON’S HND
IN Computing PROGRAMME
at the
ESOFT METRO CAMPUS
Name of research Tutor: Mrs. Tharika Amali
<Date>
i
DECLARATION
Name of Research Candidate:

Pearson Registration Number:
Programme Name: HND IN COMPUTING
Research Title: The study on environmental implications of e-waste in the home environment
with on Sri Lanka.
Field of Study:
I do solemnly and sincerely declare that:
i. I’m the sole author of this study
ii. This work is original
iii. In case of any use if any information from other sources references of copyright with its
ownership have been acknowledged in this document
iv. I do not have any actual knowledge nor do I ought reasonably to know that the making of
the work constitutes an infringement of any copyright work
v. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft, I understand
the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK, I know what the consequences will
be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in this research for this program.
Candidate Signature: Date:
Subscribed and solemnly declared before,
Supervisor’s Name:
Designation:
Supervisor’s Signature: Date:

ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I want to express my gratitude to the Esoft Matara branch personnel and the instructor, Mrs.
Tharika Amali, for allowing me to finish my computer research project assignment. This
project helped me since it gave me a ton of knowledge, and I was able to learn a ton of new
things as a consequence. They are appreciated by me.
Second, I want to thank my parents and friends for helping me complete my assignment in the
allocated time.
iii
ABSTRACT
The proliferation of electronic devices in modern society has led to a significant step in the
generation of electronic waste (e-waste), posing a tangible environmental challenge worldwide.
This reflection aims to investigate the situational effects of e-waste in the household
environment, focusing on Sri Lanka as a representative case study.
Through a comprehensive literature review and data collection, this research analyzes Sri
Lankan households' e-waste management practices, undefined methods and associated
environmental impacts. This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methods to assess the
intensity and types of e-waste commonly found in households and evaluate residents'
knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding e-waste disposal.
The findings reveal that rapid technological advancements and changing consumption patterns
are significantly influencing Sri Lanka's rising e-waste problem. Improper disposal practices
such as open burning, informal recycling and landfilling exacerbate the release of hazardous
substances into the environment, including heavy metals and toxic chemicals, posing threats to
human health and ecosystems.
Moreover, lack of expressed awareness and specific e-waste management infrastructure further
aggravates environmental impacts. This study highlights the urgent need for effective global
education, regulatory frameworks and collaboration between government, industry and civil
society to address the e-waste exception in the domestic environment.
Recommendations are made to promote sustainable e-waste management, including extended

producer responsibility (EPR) initiatives, solicitation and recycling programs, and
establishment of e-waste recycling facilities. By implementing these measures, Sri Lanka can
reduce the environmental consequences of e-waste, conserve natural resources and enhance the
overall sustainability of the management system in place in the country.
This research provides valuable insights into the e-waste issue in Sri Lanka and serves as a
basis for policy makers, researchers and stakeholders to develop evidence-based strategies to
iv
combat e-waste and protect the environment and public well-being in the linguistic context of a
developing country.
v
CONTENTS
DECLARATION........................................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEDGMENT...........................................................................................................................ii
ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................................iii
CONTENTS..............................................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................................................................................................vi
A LIST OF TABLES...............................................................................................................................vii
LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................1
1.1. Introduction...............................................................................................................................1
1.2. Purpose of research...................................................................................................................1
1.3. Significance of the Research.....................................................................................................1
1.4. Research objectives....................................................................................................................1
1.5. Research Sub objectives............................................................................................................1
1.6. Research questions.....................................................................................................................1
1.7. Hypothesis..................................................................................................................................1
1.8. Thesis structure..........................................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 1 - Introduction.....................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review............................................................................................1
CHAPTER 3 - Methodology...................................................................................................1
CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results....................................................................................1
CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations................................................................1
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................3
2.1. Literature Review......................................................................................................................3
2.2. Conceptual framework..............................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................4
3.1. Research philosophy..................................................................................................................4
3.2. Research approach....................................................................................................................4
3.3. Research strategy.......................................................................................................................4
3.4. Research Choice.........................................................................................................................4
3.5. Time frame.................................................................................................................................4
3.6. Data collection procedures........................................................................................................4
3.6.1. Type of Data...............................................................................................................................4
3.6.2. Data Collection Method.............................................................................................................4
3.6.3. Data Collection and Analyze Tools...........................................................................................4
3.6.4. Questionnaire structure............................................................................................................4
vi
3.6.5. Data Storage...............................................................................................................................4

3.7. Target population and sampling...............................................................................................4
3.8. The selection of participants.....................................................................................................5
3.9. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability...............................................................................5
3.10. Ethical issues of the research study..........................................................................................5
CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS...................................................................................6
4.1. Demographic Analysis...............................................................................................................6
4.2. Correlation Analysis..................................................................................................................6
4.2.1. RO2...........................................................................................................................6
4.2.2. RO3...........................................................................................................................6
4.2.3. RO4...........................................................................................................................6
4.3. Regression Analysis...................................................................................................................6
4.3.1. RO1...........................................................................................................................6
4.3.2. RO2...........................................................................................................................6
4.3.3. RO3...........................................................................................................................6
4.3.4. RO4...........................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................7
5.1. Conclusion..................................................................................................................................7
5.1.1. RO1...........................................................................................................................7
5.1.2. RO2...........................................................................................................................7
5.1.3. RO3...........................................................................................................................7
5.1.4. RO4...........................................................................................................................7
5.2. Recommendations......................................................................................................................7
5.3. Limitations.................................................................................................................................7
5.4. Future Improvements................................................................................................................8
5.5. Personnel Reflection..................................................................................................................8
5.5.1. Benefits for the researcher......................................................................................8
5.5.2. Benefits for the Industry/organization...................................................................8
Referencing................................................................................................................................................9
Annexures................................................................................................................................................10
Annexures A: Glossary of Terms..........................................................................................................10
Annexures B: Sample SPSS Charts/ Table............................................................................................11
Annexures C: Feedback Form / Question list........................................................................................12
Annexures D: Sample Feedback sheets.................................................................................................13
vii
A LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Questionnaire structure (the author ,2023).......................................................................16

Table 2 Questionnaire structure(the author ,2023).......................................................................17
Table 3 gender...............................................................................................................................21
Table 4 age the author...................................................................................................................22
Table 5 1st questions the author....................................................................................................24
Table 6 2st questions......................................................................................................................25
Table 9 5st questions.....................................................................................................................27
Table 10 1st questions....................................................................................................................27
Table 20 Correlation is significant (the author ,2023)..................................................................42
Table 21 Correlation is significant (the author ,2023)..................................................................43
Table 22 Model Summary (the author ,2023)................................................................................44
Table 23 ANOVAa(the author ,2023)............................................................................................45
Table 24 Coefficientsa (the author ,2023).....................................................................................45
Table 25 Model Summary (the author ,2023)................................................................................45
Table 26 ANOVAa(the author ,2023)............................................................................................46
Table 27 Coefficientsa (the author ,2023).....................................................................................46
Table 28 Feedback Form (the author ,2023)...............................................................................58
viii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 Conceptual framework...................................................................................................10
Figure 2 age the author ................................................................................................................22
Figure 3 age the author ................................................................................................................22
Figure 4 1st questions the autor ...................................................................................................24
Figure 5 2st questions....................................................................................................................25
Figure 6 3st questions...................................................................................................................26
Figure 10 2st questions..................................................................................................................28
Figure 17 4st questions.................................................................................................................33
Figure 19 sample satter (the author ,2023)..................................................................................43
Figure 20 sample satter (the author ,2023)..................................................................................44
Figure 21 SPSS Charts...................................................................................................................56
Figure 22 SPSS Charts...................................................................................................................56
Figure 1 Milestone Chart..............................................................................................................81
Figure 2 (Research onion) (15writers, 2022)................................................................................85
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
The rapid proliferation of electronic devices in the modern age has ushered in a new
geological age of convenience and connectivity, transforming the space in which we live,
work and communicate. However, this digital gyration has come at a cost – an exponential
increase in physical waste (e-waste), which poses a formidable environmental challenge
worldwide. In this context, developing countries like Sri Lanka grapple with the complex task
of managing e-waste to protect their fragile ecosystems and public health. E-waste includes a
wide range of discarded natural philosophical devices, including mobile phones, computers,
televisions and household appliances. Mishandling and disposal of these items can have far-
reaching consequences for the environment and human well-being. As technological
advancements continue to drive consumer demand for up-to-the-minute devices, the growing
undefined accumulation of obsolescence is exacerbating the e-waste crisis .
(britannica.com ,2022)
Sri Lanka, an exciting and futuristic country in South Asia, has experienced a surge in the use
of undefined physics devices for consumer purchasing power and a growing IT sector. As a
result, there is a parallel growth in the production of e-waste in the country. This e-waste
orientation is essential to prevent potential situations and utilize the valuable resources
integrated in e-waste through responsible recycling. This study aims to shed light on the
governmental implications of e-waste in undefined location within the unique linguistic
context of Sri Lanka. By examining common e-waste management practices, disposal
methods, and their associated environmental impacts, we can better understand the challenges
and opportunities ahead. In addition, this research seeks to explore the knowledge, attitudes
and behaviors of Sri Lankan residents regarding e-waste disposal to identify potential barriers
and drivers for sustainable practices. (britannica.com ,2022)
By revealing the complexities involved in e-waste in the household environment in Sri

Lanka, this study seeks to provide the necessary insights and policy recommendations for
formulating effective and tailored e-waste management strategies. Many actions are critical to
protecting the natural environment, conserving valuable resources and fostering a sustainable
and vibrant future for Sri Lanka's waste management system. (britannica.com ,2022)
CRP/2021/22/Remote working 1
1.2. Purpose of research
The primary objective of this research is to comprehensively investigate the status of e-waste
in the household environment with special focus on the case study of Sri Lanka. E-waste,
consisting of discarded natural philosophical devices, poses significant challenges to
environmental sustainability and co-health, requiring detailed investigation to formulate
effective solutions. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze the existing e-waste
management practices and disposal methods in Sri Lankan households. By assessing the
volume and types of e-waste commonly found in households, the study seeks to quantify the
magnitude of the e-waste problem and understand patterns of consumption and disposal of
electronic devices. (britannica.com ,2022)
Moreover, this research aims to judge the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of Sri Lankan
residents regarding e-waste disposal. Awareness levels and perceptions of e-waste among
people are crucial to identify potential barriers and drivers to e-waste management. Through a
comprehensive literature review and data collection, the study intends to highlight the
environmental impacts of inappropriate e-waste disposal methods such as spreading or
burning, informal recycling and landfilling. By identifying hazardous materials released
during these processes, including heavy metals and toxic chemicals, research can underscore
the importance of implementing property e-waste management practices.
(britannica.com ,2022)
The ultimate objective of this research is to provide evidence-based insights and

recommendations that will inform policy makers, political agencies and stakeholders on the
formulation and implementation of effective e-waste management strategies in Sri Lanka. By
promoting public education, strengthening regulatory frameworks and fostering quislingism
among multi-stakeholders, this research aims to contribute to reducing environmental
consequences, protecting public health and improving the overall sustainability of waste
management in a developing country context. Through a systematic and data-driven
approach, this research seeks to provide valuable knowledge to combat the e-waste exception
in Sri Lanka, and provide a guide to strange developing countries facing similar situations
arising from the integer era. (britannica.com ,2022)
1.3. Significance of the Research
The significance of this finding lies in its ability to turn newspapers into a public issue with
far-reaching implications for Sri Lanka and other developing countries grappling with the e-
waste crisis. In light of the status quo on the consequences of e-waste in the household
environment, this study provides valuable insight into the magnitude of the problem and the
urgent need for effective management strategies. The findings of this research can serve as a
material basis for policy makers and government agencies in Sri Lanka to develop evidence-
based policies and regulations for property e-waste management. Identifying e-waste
management practices and public attitudes can help design targeted learning campaigns to
rekindle awareness and promote responsible disposal behavior. (britannica.com ,2022)
Furthermore, the study's judgment of hazardous substances released during improper e-waste
disposal can highlight the risk to human health and the environment, and strengthen the
undefined to implement extended producer responsibility (EPR) initiatives and formal
recycling programs. Ultimately, the importance of the research lies in its potential to create
positive change by leading stakeholders to develop a comprehensive and structured e-waste
management system that protects the environment, conserves valuable resources and
safeguards the well-being of Sri Lanka's citizens. Moreover, research results can inform other
developing nations facing similar challenges, contribute to global efforts to address the
growing e-waste problem, and promote sustainability on a broader scale.
1.4. Research objectives

RO1: To identify the environmental impact of e-waste with household appliances.
RO2: To identify the environmental impact of e-waste with telecommunication equipment.
1.5. Research Sub objectives

 Identifying the technical equipment used in the hospital premises and how to manage
them properly after use.
 Enhancing research-related knowledge
 Improve project management skills
 Practice punctuality
1.6. Research questions
RQ1: What is the environmental impact of e-waste associated with household appliances?
RQ2: What is the environmental impact of e-waste associated with telecommunication
equipment?
1.7. Hypothesis
H1: E-waste associated with household appliances has an impact on the environment.
H2: E-waste associated with telecommunication equipment has an impact on the
environment.
1.8. Thesis structure
CHAPTER 1 - Introduction
The research introduction, goal of the research, importance of the research, research
objectives, research sub-objectives, research questions, and hypothesis are all covered in the
first chapter.
CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review

The existing literature on e-waste management and its status implications provide a basis for
understanding the gravity of the issue and the need for concrete research. Studies conducted
in various countries reveal a consistent pattern of escalating generation of e-waste, posing
significant environmental and health risks. Previous research emphasizes the role of
inappropriately undefined methods such as informal recycling and landfilling in the release of
hazardous materials into the environment. Moreover, insights from studies focused on public
awareness and attitudes toward e-waste address gaps in knowledge, cognition, and behavior,
further complicating operational drive efforts. However, few studies have explored e-waste
on a global scale, and limited searches are available specifically investigating the home
environment context in developing countries such as Sri Lanka. This study aims to address
this gap and contribute to existing knowledge by providing material insights into sustainable
e-waste orientation in the region. (britannica.com ,2022)
CHAPTER 3 - Methodology
In the third chapter, the author looks at the research onion model, the type of data, the method
of collecting it, the tools used for collecting and analyzing it, the questionnaire's format, data
storage, the target population and sampling, reliability, validity, generalizability, and ethical
issues related to the research study. Their research onion model includes the philosophy,
methodology, tactics, alternatives, time frames, and procedures for data collection.
CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results

The fourth chapter covers subjects including responded analysis, descriptive statistics,
correlation analysis, and regression analysis. It also covers issues like demographic analysis
and the dependability of model variables.
CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

In Chapter 5, the author covers the conclusion, the suggestion, the restrictions, the future
improvements, the advantage for the researcher, and the benefit for the industry.
CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

1.9. Literature Review
The literature on e-waste and its environmental implications spans different geographical
regions, highlighting the global importance of this issue. Several studies have highlighted the
increase in e-waste generation due to technological advances, increased consumer demand
and shorter product life. Improper e-waste management practices, including open
electrocution and informal recycling, have been extensively studied and revealed no toxic
substances such as heavy metals and hazardous chemicals entering the air, soil and water.
Researchers have also explored the socio-economic aspects of e-waste, examining the role of
the informal sector in recycling and the combined health hazards faced by casual labourers.
Additionally, studies have assessed the secular potential of e-waste recycling, demonstrating
the value of extracting valuable metals and materials from discarded electronics. From a
restrictive standpoint, studies have highlighted the importance of extended producer
responsibility (EPR) policies in promoting responsibility for e-waste management. Countries
that have enforced a strict EPR framework are improving e-waste collection and recycling
rates. (genevaenvironmentnetwork.org ,2022)
While research on e-waste management has expanded in developed countries, there is a

relative dearth of studies focusing on developing countries such as Sri Lanka. Such regions
face extraordinary challenges in terms of infrastructure, awareness and resource limitations.
Therefore, this study seeks to contribute to the current literature by investigating the
situational implications of e-waste specifically in the undefined household context of Sri
Lanka. By addressing this research gap, it aims to provide voluntary context-specific insights
to inform the state's sustainable e-waste orientation strategies and to act as a reference for
other developing nations facing similar challenges. (genevaenvironmentnetwork.org ,2022)
Advantages of e-waste:
 Resource recovery: E-waste contains valuable materials such as precious metals (gold,
silver, etc.) and rare earth elements that can be extracted and reused, reducing the need to
mine virgin resources and conserving valuable materials.
 Economic Opportunities: E-waste recycling and refurbishing industries can create jobs
and stimulate economic growth, especially in developing countries.
 Energy savings: Recycling e-waste requires less energy compared to mining and refining
raw materials, resulting in lower energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
 Environmental Protection: Proper e-waste recycling helps prevent hazardous materials

such as lead, mercury and cadmium from leaching into the environment, and helps
protect soil and water quality.
Disadvantages of e-waste:
 Environmental Pollution: Improper disposal of e-waste, such as burning or dumping,

releases toxic chemicals and heavy metals into the air, soil and water, causing severe
environmental pollution.
 Health Risks: Exposure to e-waste toxins during informal recycling or disposal activities
can cause serious health problems for workers and surrounding communities.
 Digital divide: E-waste is mainly collected in developed countries, wasting valuable

resources and exacerbating the global digital divide as harmful waste is exported to
developing countries with less rigorous recycling capabilities.
 Data security: Improper handling of discarded electronic devices can lead to data
breaches, compromise of sensitive information, and risk to personal and organizational
security.
How e-waste affects the home environment.

When not correctly managed, e-waste can have a number of negative consequences on the
home environment. Improper disposal procedures, such as burning them or tossing them in
the ordinary garbage, can result in the release of hazardous materials into the air, land, and
water, contaminating those areas.
Home Appliances
Home appliances are mechanical or electrical tools created to carry out certain domestic
activities and improve the comfort, efficiency, and convenience of daily living. These tools
are necessary to complete home tasks and activities. Here are a few typical household
appliance kinds.
 Refrigerator: A cooling device used to freeze and preserve food, beverages and
perishable items.
 A washing machine is an appliance that is cleaned in water and detergent.
 Oven: An appliance that produces heat in an enclosed chamber and is used to bake, roast
and cook food.
 Using microwave radiation, a microwave oven heats or cooks food quickly and
effectively.
 Dishwasher: A device that streamlines the task of cleaning utensils and dishes.
 A device that reduces heat and humidity in the air to cool the indoor environment.
 Vacuum Cleaner: A device that uses suction to remove dust and debris to clean floors
and surfaces.
Prioritizing appropriate disposal and recycling is essential to reducing the effect of e-waste
from household equipment. To successfully manage e-waste, several nations have put in
place laws and recycling initiatives, which encourage people to discard their old equipment at
designated pickup locations or specialized recycling facilities. Recycling makes it possible to
recover valuable materials and handle dangerous compounds safely, minimizing the impact
of e-waste on the environment. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
Telecommunication Devices
Communication between individuals and groups spread across a wide range of places is made
possible by telecommunication technologies, which enable the transmission and receipt of
speech, data, and information across great distances. These gadgets are essential for tying
together organizations, enterprises, and people all around the world. Here are a few popular
categories of communication equipment.
 Telephones: Traditional landlines and modern smartphones allow voice communication
over wired or wireless networks.
 Cell Phones: Portable phones that use cellular networks to enable wireless voice calls,
text messaging, and Internet access.
 Fax Machine: A device that transmits scanned documents and images over telephone
lines, commonly used for business communication.
 Modem: A device that converts digital signals from computers into analog signals for
transmission over telephone lines or into digital signals for broadband Internet access.
 Router: An essential device that directs data packets between networks such as home
networks or the Internet.
 Satellite Phones: Mobile phones that use satellites to communicate in remote areas
without traditional cellular coverage.
 Two-way radios: Hand-held radios used for short-range communication between
individuals or groups, commonly used in professional settings such as security,
construction, or events.
 Webcams: Cameras connected to computers or devices to capture and transmit video for
video conferencing and online communication.
 VoIP phones: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones that use Internet connections
to make voice calls.
 Intercom Systems: Communication systems within buildings or properties that allow
communication between different rooms or areas.
To reduce the environmental impact of telecommunications equipment disposal, responsible
management is crucial. To promote effective e-waste management, including recycling and
secure disposal techniques, several nations have laws and recycling initiatives.
1.10. Conceptual framework

A conceptual framework is a methodical way of classifying and comprehending a number of
ideas and theories associated with a specific field of study or subject matter. It can direct
study or decision-making by giving a visual picture of the connections between diverse
concepts, principles, and theories. For a specific field of investigation, a conceptual
framework offers a shared vocabulary and knowledge. It may also assist assure consistency
and coherence in research and practice. (academicguides.waldenu.edu ,2022)
A theoretical framework that directs study and analysis is known as a conceptual framework.
It is a collection of connected ideas, presumptions, and expectations that aid in the
organization and comprehension of complicated events. It can direct study or decision-
making by giving a visual picture of the connections between diverse concepts, principles,
and theories. A conceptual framework helps maintain coherence and consistency in study and
practice by providing a shared vocabulary and knowledge for a certain field of investigation.
The main goal of a conceptual framework is to provide a methodical and persuasive means of
understanding and assessing a challenging subject. It helps in the formation of a shared
knowledge of the problem, the recognition of its primary causes, and the examination of the
relationships between these causes. The development of research questions or hypotheses to
close these gaps in knowledge is guided by a conceptual framework, which also assists in
identifying potential knowledge gaps. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
A theoretical foundation and framework for comprehending and interpreting a study topic are
provided by the conceptual framework. The conceptual framework for managing e-waste in
the home setting might comprise a number of significant components. The conceptual
framework, which incorporates these crucial components, provides a thorough picture of e-
waste management in the home setting. It aids in the performance of research inquiries, the
gathering and analysis of data, and the complete knowledge of the challenges, potential
solutions, and approaches necessary for long-term e-waste management practices in the
domestic setting.
Figure 1 Conceptual framework
CHAPTER 3 - METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is the process of describing how the research activities should be
carried out. It focuses on the best ways a researcher may plan a study such that the
conclusions are trustworthy, legitimate, and meet the objectives of the research. With an
emphasis on those that were applied throughout the study, research methodologies,
approaches, and designs are discussed in depth in the research methodology chapter. I explain
the advantages and disadvantages of each strategy and design, taking into consideration how
realistically applicable they are to our study, to support my decision. The Saunders, Lewis,
and Thornhill (2007) study onion model was applied to this project.
Research onion model

A conceptual framework known as the "research onion" offers a methodical way to
comprehend the many layers or processes required in doing research. It is often used in social
science research and was created by Saunders et al. (2007). Six layers or phases make up the
research onion, each of which represents a distinct stage in the research process. These layers
interact with one another to create an organized method for planning and carrying out
research. The six research onion layers are as follows: (gradcoach.com ,2023). The research
onion model consists of the following parts,
 Philosophy
 Approach
 Strategies
 Choices
 Time horizons
 Data collection techniques and procedures
1.11. Research philosophy

The collection of precepts governing the point of view or perspective used in the inquiry is
known as philosophy. There are two components to this: positivist and phenomenology. The
two primary categories of research philosophy are then. like as
Positivism
Positivism Positivism contends that reality is unchanging and that it can be observed and
described objectively, that is, without influencing the events under study (Levin, 1988). They
contend that phenomena should be differentiated and that observations should be repeatable.
This sometimes requires altering reality with changes in only one independent variable in
order to uncover patterns in and draw connections between some of the social environment's
constituent parts. 3-2 Predictions can be made based on the previously observed and
documented facts and their relationships.The history of positivism is long and distinguished.
We habitually dismiss knowledge claims that are not grounded in positivist theory as being
unscientific and invalid because of how firmly embedded it is in our society (Hirschheim,
1985, p. 33). In an unintentional attempt to support this position, Alavi and Carlson (1992)
performed a review of 902 IS research articles and found that all of the empirical studies
employed positivist methodology. Additionally, positivism and the natural and physical
sciences have had a particularly rewarding partnership. However, there has been much debate
over whether or not this positivist paradigm is entirely suited for the social sciences
(Hirschheim, 1985), with several authors advocating for a more pluralistic viewpoint toward
IS research methodologies.
Phenomenology
Phenomenology is frequently considered to be either a subfield of philosophy or a
philosophical school. The study of the structural elements of experience or consciousness
may be the simplest definition of phenomenology. The study of "phenomena"—the way
things seem to us, how we perceive them, and the meanings they have for us—is what is
meant by the term "phenomenology." Phenomenology is the study of conscious experience
from a first-person, subjective viewpoint. Then, it is necessary to distinguish this branch of
philosophy from and relate it to the other major disciplines.
The fields of the study of being or what is include ontology, epistemology, logic, ethics, the
study of right and wrong behaviour, and others. This investigation continues using the
positivist selection. In this inquiry, a belief based on the existence theory will be combined
with the scientific method. As a consequence, this study does not contribute any new
information. Positivism has been selected in order to best support this research.
1.12. Research approach

Research approaches are methods for carrying out research that might range from general
hypotheses to particular strategies for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. This
technique involves a number of decisions, and they don't all have to be made in the order that
makes sense to me. and the sequence in which they are given here. A research approach
might be chosen as a component of the overall decision. The investigative procedures (also
known as the survey plan 2022) and any special research approaches for acquiring, assessing,
and interpreting data should all be taken into consideration when making this decision. The
choice of a research topic is influenced by the nature of the problem being investigated or the
study topic, as well as by the personal experiences of the researchers and research
participants.
Inductive
As opposed to the deductive method, which requires you to embrace an established theory,
induction allows you to develop your own theories. This explains how the two methods differ
from one another. The progression from the particular to the general is what is meant by the
inductive method. The study emphasis can only be decided after the data collection because
there is no framework to report on the data collection prior to then. That might be explained
by an existing hypothesis. This approach can also be used successfully within positivistic
methods, where data is analyzed first and patterns are significant. This approach is frequently
used in qualitative research, where interviews are conducted on specific phenomena, and then
the data can be examined for patterns in the respondents. They serve as information.
1.13. Research strategy
According on the research onion, tactics could include case study research, interviews,
surveys, experimental research, action research, and literature reviews. essential to the study's
objectives and the research.
Experimental
Experimental research is the process of creating a research protocol that contrasts experiment
results with expected outcomes. It is relevant to all academic disciplines and frequently just
considers a few factors.
Survey
The research bulb survey approach is usually used with deductive reasoning. It is one of the
most efficient and economical research techniques. A lot of reliable data may be gathered
using this method. Surveys, which are widely used in quantitative research projects, choose a
representative sample of the population (Bryman and Bell, 2011). The survey method is
mostly used to monitor the important variables throughout time. It enables the collection of a
large amount of data that will be used to answer the research problem.
Case Study
This approach concentrates on one or more individuals or a single location, can shed light on
the particulars of each example, and establishes the significance of context and culture in the
variations across examples (Silverman, 2013). The evaluation of a single unit to determine its
primary characteristics and develop generalizations is most helpful in financial research case
study research (Bryman, 2012). For the effect of investments in various circumstances, this
type of study is effective in the field of finance.
Action research
In professions like teaching or caring, where the trained individual may assess methods to
enhance their approach and professional expertise, this type of study is typical practice. This
method is mostly employed to identify a potential answer to a specific issue. The data in this
study is evaluated in light of what a hypothetical group of people could believe or feel. Here,
the survey method is used to arrive at that conclusion. Information for the study is acquired
with the aid of that quiz. In the financial sector, it is common practice to issue a questionnaire
to a select group of remote employees, with decisions then being made in light of the
responses. hence, survey-based for this research is employed.
1.14. Research Choice
The research onion suggests possible possibilities, including a single methodology, mixed
approach, and multi-method investigation. The only component of the mono approach is a
study-specific methodology. The mixed method is based on the use of two or more research
approaches and is frequently associated with the use of qualitative research. moreover, the
quantitative strategy. The Multi approach frequently makes use of a greater variety of
methods.
The study objectives, the complexity of the research problem, the available resources, and the
level of expertise of the researcher ultimately determine whether a design will be mono,
mixed, or multi-method. Researchers should carefully examine these factors and select the
best research strategy to properly meet their study objectives. In this work, quantitative
research techniques are employed. Therefore, the mono strategy was chosen.
1.15. Time frame

Relates to the investigation's time period. The two basic types of observations are those based
on transverse and longitudinal time horizons. Cross-sectional data is used when all of the
observations are made at a single point in time, as is the case in most surveys. On the other
hand, the data are accessible observations of a certain variable across a number of years,
quarters, months, or days.
Cross-sectional research, which continuously gathers data from various samples, is

occasionally compared with longitudinal study. In longitudinal study, the same subjects are
monitored and assessed over an extended period of time. This study approach makes it
feasible to look at how individuals' or groups' behavior, beliefs, or health consequences alter
over time. Trend studies, panel studies, and cohort studies are three subcategories of
longitudinal research. In order to gather information for trend research, a variety of samples
are employed, such as those taken from across numerous generations. In panel research, the
same model is observed and evaluated many times. The time horizon of this research is
cross-sectional as the duration of this research is one year and there is no need to collect data
repeatedly from the same sample.
1.16. Data collection procedures
Type of Data
The nature of this investigation is quantitative. The author's work is thus dependent on
numerical data. Acquiring and interpreting numerical data is the process of quantitative
research. It is feasible to utilize the results to identify patterns and averages, predict events,
evaluate causal linkages, and extrapolate the results to larger groups. Numerical data is
information that is presented as numbers rather than in any other language or descriptive
style.
1.16.1. Data Collection Method

There are many users in the housing sector, therefore data collecting involved 50 carefully
chosen staff. The data was analyzed with SPSS software. Data collection involved using a
questionnaire. In this case, the author opted without using interviews. In other words, the
author has recommended using a questionnaire for the users' convenience and to help them
save time during the interviews. The survey uses a Likert scale with five options. There are
15 questions on it.
For this study, the author employed a variety of data analytic techniques. For advanced
statistical data analysis, many different sorts of researchers utilize SPSS, which stands for
Statistical Package for Social Sciences. developed the SPSS software program for managing
and analyzing statistical data in social research. The initial level of analysis is often
descriptive statistics, also known as descriptive analysis. It assists researchers in compiling
data and identifying trends. Below are a few examples of frequently used descriptive
statistics.
 Mean: numerical average of a set of values.

 Median: midpoint of a set of numerical values.
 Mode: most common value among a set of values.
 Percentage: used to express how a value or group of respondents within the
data relates to a larger group of respondents.
 Frequency: the number of times a value is found.
 Range: the highest and lowest value in a set of values.
Descriptive statistics offer absolute numbers. However, they offer no reason or explanation
for these numbers. Before applying a descriptive statistic, think about which one is best for
your research question and the message you want to portray. The gender distribution of
responses can be effectively displayed using a percentage, for example. Descriptive statistics
are most helpful when the study is limited to the sample and does not need to be generalized
to a larger population.
1.16.2. Data Collection and Analyze Tools

To gather information on e-waste near households, the author employed a questionnaire. 40
individuals were chosen for data collection, and 50 individuals were employed as the study
population, according to Morgan Table. Google Forms was utilized to collect the data, and
IBM SPSS was also used to evaluate it.
The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) is a piece of software that is used for
data administration and statistical analysis. It is well-liked by academics from many fields
since it provides a comprehensive collection of tools and procedures for analyzing and
interpreting data. A wide variety of statistical investigations, including cluster analysis, factor
analysis, regression analysis, and many other forms of statistical analysis, may be carried out
by SPSS users. These analyses help researchers locate patterns, relationships, and trends in
their data so they may properly interpret the results.
1.16.3. Questionnaire structure

The process of obtaining information from all pertinent sources in order to address the
research issue, test the hypothesis, and assess the outcomes is known as data collection. A
study project's data is a vital and necessary component. The only foundation for the entire
investigation is statistically valid data. The author employs a questionnaire to gather pertinent
data on housing. The researcher must verify the data from the questionnaire as the author
selects it for data collection.
Variables Questionnaire Items
Home Appliances 5
Telecommunication Devices 5
Environment Impact 5
Table 1 Questionnaire structure (the author ,2023)
Totally Agree 1
Agree 2
Moderate 3
Disagree 4
Totally Disagree 5
Table 2 Questionnaire structure(the author ,2023)
1.16.4. Data Storage

The author will not divulge this information to anybody and will only keep it for a maximum
of three months. The author gets the information by filling out a Google form. The gathered
data is entered into a Google sheet. Google Drive is where uploads are made. This data is also
available on the author's laptop. The author deletes this material after research.
Research population
A wide range of individuals, organizations, things, and other entities that share traits relevant
to a researcher might be referred to as a study population. To collect the contact information
of 50 users from the chosen residences, the author constructs a Google form.
Sampling
The sample is the particular population from which the team will gather its data. This is
because it is challenging to gather information from the target demographic. There are
primarily two categories of sampling methods. Probability and non-probability are them.
1.17. Target population and sampling
1. Probability sampling
When random sampling is used, each person in a population has an equal and independent
chance of being picked. This sampling method is easy to understand and apply. Random
sampling has the advantages of satisfying the assumptions of the majority of statistical
procedures and having a high likelihood of providing a representative sample. (McCombes)
2022. The healthcare sector as a whole should work together to accomplish this. But this is an
extremely difficult task. The author did not adopt this sampling technique for this study since
it would be difficult to call every employee at once.
In order to conduct stratified random sampling, the population is divided into two or more
groups. These collection are referred to as layers. Subsamples are randomly selected from
each stratum; the group may be picked based on criteria such as location, educational
attainment, age, or income. (McCombes) 2022. The healthcare sector as a whole should work
together to accomplish this. But this is an extremely difficult task. This sample method was
not used because getting all the employees to the same place at once is a bit of a difficulty.
2. Custer Sampling
The process of selecting randomly target communities with similar features rather than
specific people. Mitchell, 2022 The sample includes a smaller percentage of the population.
because just a tiny number of people gather data. Because of this, it hasn't been selected as a
sample technique for research.
3. Systematic Sampling
Systematic sampling is a probability sampling approach in which sample members are
selected at random from a large population at predefined intervals. The sampling interval,
sometimes referred to as the confidence interval, is calculated by dividing the population size
by the predicted sample size. (McCombes) 2022. The healthcare sector as a whole should
work together to accomplish this. But this is an extremely difficult task. This example
approach was not used since getting all the employees to the same place at once is a bit of a
hassle. because it is so illegitimate and conflicting.
Non-probability sampling
This method uses a non-random, convenient selection process. The researcher can simply get
primary data using this technique. The three most common non-probability sampling
techniques are as follows. These include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and
purposeful sampling.
Purposive sampling
Using this method, the researcher selects a sample depending on how well-versed they are in
the target audience. (McCombes) 2022. In this sample strategy, a portion of the targeted
populations may be skipped after categorizing according to experience and expertise.
Because of this, the research avoided using the purposive sampling strategy.
Quota sampling
With this approach, a group is picked based on the characteristics of the intended population.
(Stephanie) In 2015. In this sample strategy, some target populations may potentially be
skipped after characterization. As a result, the quota sampling strategy was not applied during
the investigation.
Convenience sampling
The practice of selecting a specific group within the target population by utilizing a person
with connections to the research team is known as convenience sampling. (McCombes) 2022.
This sample strategy does not adequately reflect the majority of the target population.
However, the ease of selecting a group through a known group within the target population
led to the use of this sampling technique for the research.
The target audience is 50, hence the sample should have 50 persons, according to the Morgan
table used to determine sample size. However, many employees were reticent to respond at
the time of this study, and some lacked the expertise to submit information. As a result, the
samples that were acquired were tiny. 40 individuals were therefore chosen to reflect the
target market.
1.18. The selection of participants
The author has chosen a sizable number of employee users in houses for the hypothetical
scenario. In order to ensure fairness and impartiality in the selection process, age and gender
have been purposefully left out of the considerations. By excluding these factors from
consideration, the author aimed to prevent any age or gender prejudice from influencing the
selection process. Furthermore, the author did not consider education while choosing the 50
employees. This suggests that during this particular selection process, the educational
backgrounds or levels of the candidates were not given much weight. The fact that the author
was able to identify and choose 50 people indicates that there must have been some reason or
goals for this choice.
1.19. Reliability, Validity, and Generalizability

Reliability
Reliability is the homogeneity of the study data. (McLeod) 2013. A valid conclusion can only
be generated with reliable facts. The researcher must thus make sure that the research
produces correct data. The process used to collect the data has a big influence on how
trustworthy it is. The use of clear language was carefully considered when developing the
study questionnaire. The data were meticulously recorded by the researcher. The correct
audience was employed to get this data, and they were successful since they provided truthful
data. As a result, this information is quite trustworthy. This data may therefore be used for
analysis and productive research. If this data is used again and summarized by the analysis,
the previous summary will be reproduced. The researcher employed Cronbach's alpha to
analyze the data and determine the reliability of the study's results.
Validity
The validity of a technique refers to how well it measures what it is intended to measure.
When a study's conclusions are very valid, it means that they precisely represent the actual
characteristics, tendencies, and variances of the real world, whether it be physical or social.
(Middleton) 2020. The data's validity is also quite good. because the author was effective in
gathering information, sending a questionnaire to the target population, and receiving correct
responses. Before they answered the survey questions, they were given in-depth explanations
of each question item. There, using the data for research is not a concern.
Generalizability
Generalization is the process of extrapolating results and recommendations from a study of a
sample population to the full population. It may be characterized as extrapolating
generalizations from research on a sampling group to the full population. In order to gather
data, the author intentionally chose a sample of 50 users. However, as the staff members
steadfastly refused to divulge any details, it was possible to get roughly 40 samples.
According to Cronbach's alpha, project study may be applied to the entire population.
1.20. Ethical issues of the research study
If the author is not vigilant regarding the nature of this inquiry, several ethical infractions
may happen. For instance, unethical citation practices. This investigation is being used by the
author to examine a previously formulated notion. There are several snippet kinds that may
be created. Giving improper credit to the actual source of a quote, lying about the facts, or
misrepresenting the circumstances are all examples of ethical violations.
Therefore, whether it be a song or a fact, the author goes to great lengths to give credit and
correctly reflect the facts. The author's investigation of how homes in Sri Lanka dispose of
technological devices. Due to the results or content of the research, there may be widespread
misconceptions regarding the housing system. This worries the author, who makes an effort
to undertake an unbiased examination.
The informant is also complicit in the prejudice. If information about someone is made public
or is gathered by a third party, their privacy is at risk. The author decides to preserve the data
in Google Drive, move it to a computer for analysis, and subsequently delete it because it was
collected via a Google form. External parties have a difficult time accessing the material
because of the author's Google account's strong password protection. The author has decided
not to disclose the data to any outside parties and to delete it three months after the analysis.
The author also agrees to refrain from acting in any way while the questionnaire is being
processed.
CHAPTER 4 - PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
1.21. Demographic Analysis
A deeper understanding of the people who contributed to the data supply may result from this
investigation. The graph that follows was created using the demographic factor.
male 30
female 10
Table 3 gender
Figure 2 age the author
40 users answered this. According to this chart, about 75% of men and 25% of women
provided data for the research. The graph below shows the age difference of the research
participants. Accordingly, the following age limits have been mentioned.
Less than 30 5
30 - 40 15
40 - 50 20
Table 4 age the author
Figure 3 age the author
According to this graph, 50.5% of study participants are between the ages of 20 and 30 and
37.5% are between the ages of 30 and 40. In other words, the great majority of study
participants are in the age range of 37 to 47. 12.5% of the population is between 40 and 50
years old.
Reliability of Model Variables

Home Appliances reliability statistics
According to this graph, 50.5% of study participants are between the ages of 20 and 30 and
37.5% are between the ages of 30 and 40. In other words, the great majority of study
participants are in the age range of 37 to 47. 12.5% of the population is between 40 and 50
years old.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.724 5
The information in the table above on disposal issues with computer and information
technology equipment is trustworthy because of Cronbach's alpha value. The number > 0.6
thus indicates more work. As a result, the specifics are covered above.
Telecommunication Devices reliability statistics
The dependability was determined by looking at the information supplied for the five
questions about Telecommunication Equipment in the questionnaire.
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.651 5
Cronbach's alpha value in data analysis is > 0.6, so the data in the above table is reliable.
Environment Impact reliability statistics

These five questions on the questionnaire's environmental impact are reliable when used to
analyze the data.
Cronbach's
Alpha N of Items
.755 5
The Cronbach's alpha value is > 0.6 when examining the Environment Impact data in the
aforementioned table, indicating the accuracy of the data.
Respondent analysis
Disposal of household appliances as electrical waste.
1st questions
Do you agree that not properly disposing of household appliances contributes to
environmental pollution?
Respond Name Respond Number

Totally Agree 30
Agree 5
Moderate 5
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
Table 5 1st questions the author
Figure 4 1st questions the autor

2st questions
To what extent do you agree that after using Microwave Oven it leads to environmental
destruction?
Totally Agree 25
Agree 10
Moderate 5
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
Table 6 2st questions
Figure 5 2st questions
3st questions
To what extent do you agree that there is environmental damage after using washing
machines?
Totally Agree 10
Agree 20
Moderate 10
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
4st questions
To what extent do you agree that the environment is damaged after using the refrigerator?

Totally Agree 20
Agree 20
Moderate 0
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0

5st questions
To what extent do you agree that there is environmental damage after using Blender and
Toaster?
Totally Agree 15
Agree 20
Moderate 5
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
Disposal of Telecommunications equipment as electrical waste.

1st questions
Do you agree that improper disposal of telecommunications electronics can harm the
environment?

Totally Agree 20
Agree 20
Moderate 0
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
2st questions
To what extent do you agree that after using the Radio and Television machine it leads to
environmental destruction?

Totally Agree 15
Agree 15
Moderate 10
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0

3st questions
To what extent do you agree that there is environmental damage after using the telephone?

Totally Agree 35
Agree 5
Moderate 0
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
4st questions
To what extent do you agree that environmental damage occurs after using mobile phones
and smartphones?

Totally Agree 20
Agree 15
Moderate 5
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
5st questions
To what extent do you agree that there is environmental damage after using Router and
Radio?

Totally Agree 10
Agree 10
Moderate 20
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0

Below is a questionnaire related to environmental impact issues.
1st questions
How much, in your opinion, does electronic trash add to air pollution?

Totally Agree 20
Agree 15
Moderate 5
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0

2st questions
Do you believe that e-waste pollutes land and water due to improper handling?

Totally Agree 20
Agree 20
Moderate 0
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
3st questions
To what extent do you believe that household e-waste contributes to air pollution and water
pollution?
Totally Agree 20
Agree 10
Moderate 10
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
4st questions
Do you take into account the risks that the poisons included in telecommunications devices
provide to both people and non-human animals?

Totally Agree 10
Agree 15
Moderate 10
Disagree 5
Totally Disagree 0
5st questions
Do you favor tighter laws and policies to lessen the impact of e-waste on the environment?

Totally Agree 20
Agree 0
Moderate 20
Disagree 0
Totally Disagree 0
Home Appliances Descriptive Statistics.

Home appliance electronic trash, or "e-waste," is a serious environmental problem.
Hazardous substances including lead, mercury, and flame retardants are found in discarded
equipment like refrigerators, washing machines, laptops, and TVs. These chemicals can
pollute the environment and endanger human health by leaching into the soil and water. To
recover valuable materials, lessen landfill trash, and protect the environment, proper e-waste
recycling is necessary. Refurbishment, donation, and recycling through accredited facilities
are examples of responsible disposal practices. To manage the expanding e-waste problem
and promote a more sustainable approach to electronic consumption, government legislation,
industry cooperation, and public awareness campaigns are essential.
N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation

Do you agree that not 40 1.00 4.00 1.7889 .86579
properly disposing of
household appliances
contributes to
environmental pollution?
To what extent do you 40 1.00 3.00 1.6407 .64968

agree that after using
Microwave Oven it leads
to environmental
destruction?
To what extent do you agree
40 1.00 3.00 1.8296 .35952
that there is environmental
damage after using washing
machines?

agree that the
environment is damaged
after using the
refrigerator?

agree that there is
environmental damage
after using Blender and
Toaster?
A 40 1.20 2.80 1.7481 .48709
Valid N (list wise) 40
Question 1
According to the table above, this question's data set's maximum value is 4, while its lowest
value is 1. Also 1.7889 and 0.86479, respectively, are the mean and standard deviation. In
this survey, forty participants provided their opinions. When the maximum value and the
minimum value are seen, no response with the qualifier "strongly disagree" is generated.
Because it has been normalized in this instance, the mean can be rounded to the closest two.
As a result, the impartial response to this query is "agree". The assumption is that the issue
has already been resolved by the majority without any discussion.
Question 2
The highest value of this question dataset is 3, and the minimum value is 1, as shown in the
table above. The mean and standard deviation are both 1.6407 and 0.64968, respectively. On
this query, forty individuals offered their opinions. While keeping an eye on the maximum
value and minimum value, the response of "disagree" or "strongly disagree" was received.
The mean in this case can be rounded to the closest two because it has been normalized.
Therefore, "agree" is the median response to this question. The assumption is that the
majority feels this way about the matter.
Question 3
table above. The mean and standard deviation are also 1.8296 and 0.35952, respectively. On
this subject, sixteen individuals have offered their opinions. While watching the maximum
value and lowest value here, no "Strongly Disagree" comment was obtained. The mean in this
case can be rounded to the closest two because it has been normalized. Therefore, "agree" is
the median response to this question. The assumption is that the majority feels this way about
the matter.
Qusetion 4
table above. Additionally, the standard deviation is 0.62333 and the mean is 1.6296. On this
subject, sixteen individuals have offered their opinions. While observing the maximum value
and lowest value here, no "disagree" or "strongly disagree" comments was obtained. The
mean in this case can be rounded to the closest two because it has been normalized.
Therefore, "agree" is the median response to this question. The assumption is that the
majority feels this way about the matter.
Question 5
table above. Additionally, the standard deviation is 0.65610 and the mean is 1.8519. On this
subject, sixteen individuals have offered their opinions. While watching the maximum value
and lowest value here, no "Strongly Disagree" comment was obtained. The mean in this case
can be rounded to the closest two because it has been normalized. Therefore, "agree" is the
median response to this question. The assumption is that the majority feels this way about the
matter.
Independent variables analyze (A)

The variable "A" stands in for the five questions that we previously examined. After
averaging the minimum values of those questions, the minimal value is established here. Due
to privacy concerns, data from 40 individuals were examined; the range was 1.20 to 2.80. If
the answers to these five questions are taken into account when calculating the average, the
result is 1.7481. This shows that the majority of the group's members fall somewhere
between "strongly agree" and "agree" on variable "A". When this is rounded to the nearest
number, the outcome is two. The word "agree" is used by two persons. Its standard deviation
is 0.48709 as well. A substantial spread cannot be predicted with this median value. This
enables us to find a little departure from the mean value. Finally, the combined maximum and
minimum scores for all five questions are 2.80 and 1.20, respectively. Additionally, the
standard deviation is 0.48709 and the mean is 1.7481.
Descriptive statistics on waste from telecommunications electronic equipment.
Descriptive data on the electronic trash created by telecommunications equipment offer
important insights into the volume and trends of this waste. Measures including total trash
volume, average garbage creation annually, waste composition (such as mobile phones and
routers), and historical trends are all included in these figures. Descriptive statistics may also
be used to examine electronic waste's environmental effect, recycling rates, and disposal
options (landfill vs. recycling). Such information helps environmentalists, industry
stakeholders, and legislators comprehend the scope of the issue, spot opportunities for
change, and build plans to manage and reduce the environmental effect of discarded
communications electronics.

Do you agree that improper
40 1.00 5.00 1.9630 1.14544
disposal of
telecommunications
electronics can harm the
environment?

agree that after using the
Radio and Television
machine it leads to
environmental
destruction?

agree that there is
environmental damage
after using the
telephone?
agree that environmental
damage occurs after using
mobile phones and
smartphones?
To what extent do you agree
40 1.00 3.00 1.8519 .65610
that there is environmental
damage after using Router
and Radio?
B 40 1.20 3.00 1.7704 .48433
Question 1
According to the statistics, it appears that respondents believe that improper disposal of
telecommutes gadgets can have a negative impact on the environment. According to the
average agreement level (mean), which is 1.9630, respondents generally concur that
inappropriate disposal puts the environment at danger. Although the general trend indicates
an agreement in recognizing the possible environmental impact caused by inappropriate
disposal of telecommutes gadgets, the standard deviation of 1.14544 reveals that the replies
may differ to some extent.
Question 2
According to the statistics supplied, respondents agree to a modest extent that utilizing radio
and television equipment might cause environmental devastation. According to the average
agreement level (mean), which is 1.6667, respondents generally seem to agree with the
statement to some extent. According to the comparatively low standard deviation of 0.51430,
there is a consistent pattern of consensus among the respondents on the probable
environmental impact of operating radio and television equipment.
Question 3
Based on the available information, respondents generally concur to some degree that using
the phone causes environmental harm. The mean (average) degree of agreement among
responses is 1.6296, indicating a modest level of agreement. A decent degree of answer
variety is shown by the standard deviation of 0.65952, which shows that some respondents
may strongly agree while others may only marginally agree. Overall, nevertheless, the
information seems to indicate that respondents are usually aware of the prospect of
environmental harm brought on by telephone use.
Question 4
Respondents moderately believe that using mobile phones and smartphones causes
environmental harm, according to the statistics supplied. According to the average agreement
level (mean), which is 1.7407, respondents generally seem to agree with the statement to
some extent. There is a consistent pattern of agreement among the respondents on the
possible environmental impact of using mobile phones and smartphones, as seen by the
relatively low standard deviation of 0.60538, which shows that there is relatively little variety
in replies. Overall, the evidence indicates that respondents are aware that using these
electronic gadgets may cause environmental harm.
Question 5
According to the findings, respondents generally concur to some degree that utilizing radio
and router equipment causes environmental damage. The mean (average) degree of
agreement among responses is 1.8519, which indicates a moderate level of agreement. A
respectable level of diversity in replies is indicated by the standard deviation of 0.65610,
which shows that some respondents may strongly agree while others may only marginally
agree. Overall, the data indicates that respondents may be aware that using router and radio
equipment might potentially harm the environment.
Independent variables analyze (B)

The five questions that we looked at above are represented by variable "B". The minimal
value is then established here after averaging the minimum value of those questions. The
range of the data in this analysis of the information supplied by 40 persons is 1.20 to 3. And
if the answers to these five questions are combined with the average mean, the result is
1.7704. Accordingly, the group's opinion on variable "B" is somewhere between "strongly
agree" and "agree." The result is two when this is rounded to the nearest number. They
"agree" as a pair. Additionally, its standard deviation is 0.48433. With this median number, a
significant spread cannot be anticipated. This allows us to locate a minor variation from the
mean value.
Environment Impact of the Descriptive Statistics.
The descriptive data show how telecoms electronics are believed to have an influence on the
environment. They show that respondents generally agree that incorrect handling, disposal,
and use of these devices might have a negative impact on the environment. The information
emphasizes the understanding of the environmental effects of improper treatment of
electronic waste and the impact of utilizing particular gadgets like radios, televisions, phones,
mobile phones, and smartphones. The modest levels of agreement imply that there is
consensus over the possible harm that these technologies might do to the environment. Such
knowledge may be used to create sustainable practices, legislative initiatives, and awareness
campaigns to lessen the impact of telecommunications technology on the environment.

How much, in your 40 1.00 4.00 1.8889 .86479
opinion, does electronic
trash add to air
pollution?
Do you believe that e-waste 40 1.00 3.00 1.7222 .65637
pollutes land and water due
to improper handling?
To what extent do you
40 1.00 3.00 1.6296 .55952
believe that household e-
waste contributes to air
pollution and water pollution?
Do you take into 40 1.00 3.00 1.6296 .62333

account the risks that
the poisons included in
telecommunications
devices provide to
both people and non-
human animals?
Do you favor tighter laws 40 1.00 3.00 1.8519 .65610
and policies to lessen the
impact of e-waste on the
environment?
D 40 1.20 2.80 1.7481 .48709
Question 1
According to the statistics provided, the opinions of the respondents imply that electronic
waste indirectly contributes to air pollution. According to the average agreement level
(mean), which is 1.8889, respondents generally tend to concur that electronic waste causes air
pollution. With some respondents indicating more agreement than others, the standard
deviation of 0.86479 indicates that there is some variety in the replies. Overall, the statistics
show that respondents generally agree that electronic trash contributes to air pollution,
although each respondent may have a different understanding of how much.
Question 2
According to the statistics supplied, it seems that most respondents agree that inappropriate
treatment of e-waste causes pollution of the land and water. The mean agreement level
(average) among responses is 1.7222, suggesting a modest level of agreement. With a
standard deviation of 0.65637, the replies varied somewhat, with some people expressing
more agreement than others. The statistics as a whole show that respondents generally agree
that incorrect treatment of e-waste causes contamination of both land and water, emphasizing
the environmental problems related to the management and disposal of electronic waste.
Question 3
According to the information given, respondents think that home e-waste does, to some
extent, contribute to both air and water pollution. The mean (average) degree of agreement
among responses is 1.6296, which indicates a moderate level of agreement. The standard
deviation of 0.55952 indicates that there was some variety in the answers, with some people
expressing their beliefs more firmly than others. Overall, the statistics show that respondents
generally agree that home e-waste affects both air and water pollution, highlighting the
importance of using responsible e-waste disposal techniques to lessen its environmental
consequences.
Question 4
According to the available information, respondents seem to be aware of the dangers that
toxins found in telecommunications equipment provide to both people and non-human
animals. The mean (average) degree of agreement among responses is 1.6296, which
indicates a moderate level of agreement. According to the standard deviation of 0.62333,
there was some variance in the replies, with some people showing a greater awareness of the
hazards than others. Overall, the data shows that respondents generally agreed on the possible
risks that the toxins found in telecommunications equipment provide to both human health
and the welfare of non-human animals. This underlines how crucial it is to reduce these
dangers through correct handling and disposal procedures.
Question 5
According to the statistics supplied, respondents tend to support stricter rules and policies to
reduce the environmental effect of e-waste. The mean (average) degree of agreement among
responses is 1.8519, which indicates a moderate level of agreement. The standard deviation
of 0.65610 indicates that there was some variety in the replies, with some people supporting
stricter restrictions and regulations than others. Overall, the data indicates that respondents
share the attitude that tougher rules and policies should be implemented to address the
environmental impact of e-waste, emphasizing the significance of efficient solutions to
handle electronic trash ethically.
Independent variables analyze (D)
The five questions we looked at above are represented by the variable "D". The minimal
value is then established here after averaging the minimum value of those questions. Data
from 40 individuals were analyzed, and the range was 1.20 to 2.80. And the value is 1.7481 if
these five questions are answered and the average is calculated. Accordingly, the group's
opinion on variable "D" is somewhere between "strongly agree" and "agree." The result is
two when this is rounded to the nearest number. They "agree" as a pair. Additionally, its
standard deviation is 0.48709. With this median number, a significant spread cannot be
anticipated. This allows us to locate a minor variation from the mean value.
1.22. Correlation Analysis
Correlation analysis is a statistical method for determining how closely two quantitative
variables are related. While a low correlation shows minimal link between the variables, a
high correlation suggests a considerable association between two variables. The correlation
analysis is performed using the Pearson approach. As 00-.19 is "very weak," correlation
analysis is carried out in accordance with Even's (1996) recommendations.It is "weak,"
20-.39."Moderate," 40-.59.60 to 79 is considered "strong," while 80 to 1 is considered "very
strong."
Correlation analysis on model variable ( Environmental impact of e-waste with

household appliance )
Correlations
A D
A Pearson Correlation 1 .827**

Sig. (2-tailed) .000
N 40 40
**
D Pearson Correlation .807 1
N 40 40
Table 20 Correlation is significant (the author ,2023)
Figure 19 sample satter (the author ,2023)
The direction of both variables' movements is indicated by a correlation value greater than 0.
It is 0.807 for the correlation coefficient. This shows a favorable correlation between the two
variables. It implies that after using technical tools, they become part of the environment and
poison it. The bond between the two people is solid. The value is therefore displayed via the
Pearson correlation coefficient. Consequently, a very powerful positive linear link was
created.
Correlation analysis on model variable ( environmental impact of e-waste with

telecommunication equipment.)
Correlations
B D
B Pearson Correlation 1 .777**
N 40 40
*
D Pearson Correlation .766 1
N 40 40
Table 21 Correlation is significant (the author ,2023)
Figure 20 sample satter (the author ,2023)
The direction of both variables' movements is indicated by a correlation value greater than 0.
It is 0.766 for the correlation coefficient. In other words, people contaminate the environment
after utilizing medical equipment by releasing them into the environment. The bond between
the two people grows stronger. The value is therefore displayed via the Pearson correlation
coefficient. Consequently, a very powerful positive linear link was created.
1.23. Regression Analysis

Regression analysis is a powerful statistical method that enables the exploration of the
connection between two or more important variables. There are many different types of
regression analysis, but at their core, they all focus on how one or more independent variables
influence a dependent variable.
1.23.1. RO1
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R the
Square Estimate
1 .827a .684 .678 .3007
3
Table 22 Model Summary (the author ,2023)
ANOVAa
Model Sum of df Mean Square F Sig.
Squares
1 Regression 10.192 1 10.192 112.69 .000b
6
Residual 4.703 52 .090
Total 14.895 53
Table 23 ANOVAa(the author ,2023)
Coefficientsa
Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients
Coefficient t Sig.
s
Model B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .236 .158 1.497 .041
A .866 .082 .827 10.616 .000
Table 24 Coefficientsa (the author ,2023)
Conclusion
The positive correlation between the variables is indicated by the standardized coefficient
beta of 0.827. In this case, the expansion of technical equipment has an impact on the
expansion of environmental issues. The R square value is 0.684, which means that only
31.6% of the variance and 68.4% of the indirect effects are explained by external variables.
The model's unstandardized coefficient (beta) is 0.827. Technical instruments' indirect
response to a 1 unit variation (increase) is 0.827 alterations (increase). For a link with a p
value less than 0.05 (p 0.05), 0 is a significant value. This provides compelling evidence that
the null hypothesis is false. There is enough data to draw the conclusion that environmental
effects of technology are statistically correlated. The null hypothesis cannot be accepted,
hence RO1 is accepted.
1.23.2. RO2
Regression analysis on model variables
Model Summary
Adjusted Std. Error of
Model R R Square R the
Square Estimate
a
1 .777 .604 .596 .3367
9
Table 25 Model Summary (the author ,2023)
ANOVAa
Model Sum of df Mean Square F Sig.
Squares
1 Regression 8.997 1 8.997 79.317 .000b
Residual 5.898 52 .113
Total 14.895 53
Table 26 ANOVAa(the author ,2023)
oefficientsa
Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients
Coefficient t Sig.
s
Model B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) .182 .193 .942 .036
B .909 .102 .777 8.906 .000
Table 27 Coefficientsa (the author ,2023)
Conclusion
beta of 0.777. Only 60.4% of the variance in environmental impact is determined by the value
of R square, which is 0.604, and 39.6% of the variation in environmental influence is
explained by other factors. The model's unstandardized coefficient (beta) is 0.777. The
accepted theory states that an environmental effect changes (increases) by 0.777 for every
unit change (increase). For a link with a p value less than 0.05 (p 0.05), 0 is a significant
value. This provides compelling evidence that the null hypothesis is false. It is safe to say that
there is a statistically significant association between the two based on the available data.
RO2 is accepted since it rejects the null hypothesis.
CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Last but not least, since these goods contain harmful components that can contaminate the
environment, reckless disposal of household appliances and communication devices poses a
severe environmental concern. Pollution of the land, water, and air, as well as impacts on
animal and human reproductive, neurological disorders, and respiratory issues, are all affects
on the environment. Prioritizing appropriate recycling practices, collaborating with
trustworthy e-waste recycling facilities, and increasing awareness through public campaigns
are all necessary to address this issue.
Companies and healthcare organizations need to be accountable for excellent life

management, and product designers need to put an emphasis on creating ecologically friendly
goods. Government regulations should enforce responsibility exclusions, support the
development of environmentally friendly technologies, and encourage sustainable conduct.
By preserving the environment, public health, and priceless resources, we can encourage a
more sustainable future.
1.23.3. RO1
Conclusion
The independent variable housing technological equipment and the dependent variable
environmental effect were initially examined by the author in accordance with the correlation
analysis. That analyses' findings indicate that this number is positive. This demonstrates how
using computers and other tech equipment has an influence on the environment. It is possible
to lessen the influence on the environment by taking steps to lessen the issues that result from
using household appliances. Because of this, the Pearson correlation coefficient value
suggests that using different home technological equipment may have an influence on the
environment. In this case, there is a very strong positive linear connection between these two
activities.
In this passage, the author lists two factors that contribute to indoor environmental pollution.
Specifically, home technology and communication tools. Environmental contamination is
increased when these gadgets are released into the environment after usage. As a result, the
author pinpoints the environmental issues that technological advancements generate and puts
forward answers. Here, the author has given the residents of the houses a questionnaire and
the replies to it. Users are a little slow to provide information in this case. They have
therefore indicated a reluctance to divulge information. However, the user has been informed
by the author that this data would only be kept for a maximum of three months before being
erased. As a result, 40 employees have responded to this.
Regression:
There is a positive correlation between the variables, as indicated by the standardized
coefficient beta of 0.807. Only 68.4% of the variation in this case can be attributed to
environmental effect, while another 31.6% may be attributed to other causes. The model's
unstandardized coefficient (beta) is 0.827. Understanding that home equipment has an
indirect impact of 0.827 changes (increase) has a positive impact. For a link with a p value
less than 0.05 (p 0.05), 0 is a significant value. This provides compelling evidence that the
null hypothesis is false. There is enough data to draw the conclusion that there is a
statistically significant relationship between the usage of home technology and its
environmental effects. The null hypothesis cannot be accepted, hence RO1 is accepted.
1.23.4. RO2
Correlation:
The author initially examined communication taxonomic devices as the independent variable
and environmental effect as the dependent variable, as per the second correlation analysis.
That analyses' findings indicate that this number is positive. This proves that when
telecommunications equipment is used and then discharged into the environment,
environmental contamination issues develop. After usage, telecommunications equipment
should be properly managed to reduce environmental damage. Since there is a significant
positive linear link between the two variables, the Pearson correlation coefficient value
confirms this. This is demonstrated by the fact that 10% or so of the feedback answers
disagreed or strongly disagreed with each of the author's five queries.
Regression:
beta of 0.777. Equipment for telecommunications has a greater impact on the environment
and is more scarce. According to the R Square value of 0.604, the environmental effect of
communications equipment accounts for only 60.4% of the performance variance, with the
remaining 39.6% being explained by other variables. The model's unstandardized coefficient
(beta) is 0.777. Environmental effect increases by 0.777 units for every unit change
(improvement) in understanding. For a link with a p value less than 0.05 (p 0.05), 0 is a
significant value. This provides compelling evidence that the null hypothesis is false. RO2 is
accepted since it rejects the null hypothesis. Rewrite the text and fix this.
1.24. Recommendations
To solve the environmental problems arising from the use of household appliances and
telecommunication devices, some recommendations can be implemented. First and foremost,
proper e-waste disposal is critical. Encourage individuals and businesses to dispose of these
items safely through certified recycling facilities for safe handling and recovery of valuable
materials. Consumer education is essential because awareness campaigns can educate the
public about the improper disposal situation and the benefits of recycling electronic devices.
Providing information about local e-waste disposal sites and recycling options can facilitate
effective disposal. To minimize e-waste generation, manufacturers should be happy to design
on-site equipment and telecommunications equipment with a one-year lifespan and
upgradeability. Sustainable materials should also be promoted in the manufacturing process,
reducing environmental footprint and facilitating easy recycling.
Energy efficiency plays a life-saving role in reducing overall environmental impact.

Encouraging the use of energy-efficient appliances and devices can reduce vim consumption
and carbon emissions. In addition, responsible e-waste management can be further promoted
by implementing take-back programs where manufacturers are responsible for collecting and
recycling old equipment when consumers upgrade to new equipment. Introducing green
licensing or eco-labelling programs can help consumers locate and choose environmentally
friendly electronic products. By following these recommendations, we can work together to
reduce the environmental impact of home appliances and telecom devices, promote
sustainable practices, and ensure a greener future.
1.25. Limitations
There are inherent limits in every study and analysis, which should be recognized. The
following are some possible restrictions on the research on the effects of the environment and
e-waste in the context of household appliances and telecommunications equipment:
1. Sample Size: The data provided may be based on a relatively small sample size, which
may not fully represent the perspectives and experiences of the entire population on the
subject.
2. Sampling bias: There may be potential biases in the selection of respondents, leading to
results that may not be fully representative of the wider population.
3. Self-report bias: Data may be subject to self-report bias, where respondents may provide
socially desirable responses or may not accurately recall their experiences.
4. Contextual factors: The study may not have considered specific contextual factors that
may influence environmental impact, such as regional waste management practices and
cultural attitudes toward recycling.
5. Cross-sectional nature: Data can be from a cross-sectional study, providing insights at a

specific point in time. Longitudinal studies can provide a more comprehensive
understanding of trends and changes over time.
6. Lack of control: As these data may be based on surveys or opinions, there may be limited
control over extraneous variables that may influence respondents' opinions.
7. Data Scope: The data provided may not cover all aspects of the environmental impact of
home appliances and telecommunications devices, and may ignore certain critical
aspects.
8. Accuracy of Responses: The accuracy of responses will be affected by respondents'

knowledge, awareness and understanding of the subject matter.
Despite these limitations, the data can still provide valuable insights and form a basis for
further research and policy-making to address environmental challenges related to e-waste
and electronic devices. Researchers and policy makers should be mindful of these limitations
when interpreting and applying findings to make well-informed decisions.
1.26. Future Improvements

Addressing the environmental impact of household appliances and telecommunications
devices and managing e-waste more effectively, future improvements are essential to
promote sustainability and reduce environmental damage. First, investing in research and
development to develop innovative, environmentally friendly materials and designs for
electronic devices is critical. This can lead to the creation of more sustainable products with
lower costs throughout their life cycle. Second, embracing the principles of a circular
economy is critical. Designing products for reuse, reproduction and recycling can reduce
advertising and conserve valuable resources. Third, e-waste tracking and information
collection systems need to be improved. With a better understanding of e-waste trends,
hotspots and areas that require focused intervention, policymakers can develop targeted
strategies for effective waste management. Fourth, addressing e-waste challenges on a global
scale requires worldwide cooperation. Cooperation between countries can also facilitate
exchange of practices, knowledge sharing and harmonization of e-waste regulations.
Additionally, raising awareness among consumers and businesses about the environmental
impact of natural landscape waste is critical. Educating the public about responsible
undefined practices and encouraging recycling can lead to significant simplification of e-
waste generation. By implementing these future improvements, we can work towards a more
sustainable and environmentally responsible set of on-site equipment, telecom equipment and
e-waste management, protecting the planet for future generations.
1.27. Personnel Reflection

In an individual departmental reflection, individuals immersed in the study or psychoanalysis
typically share their thoughts and insights about the research process, challenges faced,
lessons learned, and potential areas for improvement. For researchers or individuals
conducting a situational impact study of home appliances and telecom devices, their personal
reflection may include discussions of the data collection process, data depth psychology
methods, limitations encountered, and how those limitations were addressed. They may also
reflect on the significance of their findings, how their research contributes to the existing
body of knowledge, and how it might inform future research or policy decisions.
An individual departmental rotation is an opportunity for individuals to critically assess their

work, participate in their perspectives, and in undefined ways to improve their research in the
future. It also helps researchers grow professionally and refine their skills for future projects.
1.27.1. Benefits for the researcher
Conducting research on the environmental impact of home appliances and telecom devices
can bring several benefits to the researcher. First, it allows the researcher to expand his
knowledge in the field of environmental science and sustainability. By exploring the
intricacies of how electronic devices affect the undefined and contribute to e-waste, the
researcher gains a deeper understanding of the issues presented, which can be good in related
fields and future projects.
Second, the research process itself provides an opportunity for scientific development. From
designing studies and collecting data to analyzing and interpreting findings, researchers hone
their analytical and research skills. They gain expertise in analyzing treatment data,
conducting literature reviews, and drawing meaningful conclusions from their research.
Third, contributing to scientific knowledge is another significant advantage. The researcher's
findings add to existing knowledge about the environmental impact of electronic devices,
providing valuable insights to academia and policy makers. This definition can stimulate
further research, spark discussion, and influence policy and practice on engagement.
In addition, the piquant research in this research allows the worker to appear undefined in the
field of environmental sustainability. They can demonstrate their expertise through
publications, presentations, and collaborations, leading to more opportunities for undefined
advancement and professional personal recognition. Overall, not only does the larger
scientific community benefit, but the process of researching the status of home appliances
and telecommute devices simply fosters the researcher's personal and professional growth,
broadening their knowledge, skills and expertise in the field of environmental skills and
sustainability.
1.27.2. Benefits for the Industry/organization
Research on the environmental impact of on-site equipment and telecommunications devices

has significant benefits for industries and organizations. First, it provides valuable insight into
the sustainability performance of their products and services. Understanding the
environmental implications of their offerings enables companies to identify areas for
improvement and inform more environmentally friendly solutions. This, in turn, can improve
their reputation, attract environmentally conscious consumers and take a competitive edge in
the market.
Second, such research helps industries and organizations comply with environmental
regulations and standards. By proactively addressing environmental issues and adopting
proprietary practices, companies can avoid potential legal and reputation risks associated with
non-compliance. Furthermore, conducting research on e-waste management can expand
opportunities for businesses to implement efficient recycling and waste disposal programs.
This can result in undefined savings as the recovered materials are reused in manufacturing
processes, reducing the need for virgin resources.
Moreover, engaging in environmentally responsible practices can lead to enhanced
stakeholder bank and engagement. Investors, shareholders and employees are more likely to
support organizations that demonstrate a commitment to sustainability and environmental
stewardship. Overall, investing in state-of-the-art home appliances and telecommute devices
can be a strategic decision for industries and organizations. It not only fosters environmental
responsibility, but also brings long-term benefits including cleared brand perception,
regulatory compliance, untold savings and improved stakeholder relationships.
Referencing
Questionpro (2022) Types of sampling: Sampling methods with examples, QuestionPro.

Available at: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/types-of-sampling-for-social-research/
(Accessed: January 16, 2023).
15 Writers (2023) Guide to understanding the Research Onion, 15 Writers. Available at:
https://15writers.com/research-onion/ (Accessed: 18 June 2023).
Centre, T.E. (2022) What is pragmatism? - ethics explainer by the Ethics Centre, THE
ETHICS CENTRE. Available at: https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-pragmatism/
(Accessed: 14 January 2023).
Questionpro (2022) Types of sampling: Sampling methods with examples, QuestionPro.

Available at: https://www.questionpro.com/blog/types-of-sampling-for-social-research/
(Accessed: January 16, 2023).
Phone, S. (2023) Electronic waste, Sabko Phone. Available at:

https://sabkophone.com/electronic-waste/ (Accessed: January 10, 2023).
California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery. (n.d.). What is E-Waste?

Retrieved from https://calrecycle.ca.gov/electronics/whatisewaste/
Rezaei, R., Liu, Y., & He, J. (2022). Drivers of electronic waste generation in the United
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Annexures
Annexures A: Glossary of Terms
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variable Variable
Model s s Method
Entered Remove
d
1 Ab . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: D
b. All requested variables entered.
Variable Variable
Model s s Method
Entered Remove
d
1 Bb . Enter
Variable Variable
Model s s Method
Entered Remove
d
1 Cb . Enter
Annexures B: Sample SPSS Charts/ Table
Figure 21 SPSS Charts
Figure 22 SPSS Charts
Annexures C: Feedback Form / Question list
Questions Totally Agree Moderate Disagree Totally
Agree Disagree
Environmental impact of e-waste with household appliances
Do you agree that not properly
disposing of household appliances
contributes to environmental
pollution?
To what extent do you agree that

after using Microwave Oven it leads
to environmental destruction?

there is environmental damage after
using washing machines?
To what extent do you agree that the
environment is damaged after using
the refrigerator?

using Blender and Toaster?
Environmental impact of e-waste with

telecommunication equipment.
Do you agree that improper disposal
of telecommunications electronics
can harm the environment?
after using the Radio and Television
machine it leads to environmental
destruction?

using the telephone?
environmental damage occurs after
using mobile phones and
smartphones?

using Router and Radio?
Environment Impact
How much, in your opinion, does

electronic trash add to air pollution?
Do you believe that e-waste

pollutes land and water due to
improper handling?
To what extent do you believe that

household e-waste contributes to air
pollution and water pollution?
Do you take into account the risks that

the poisons included in
telecommunications devices provide
to both people and non-human
animals?
Do you favor tighter laws and

policies to lessen the impact of e-
waste on the environment?
Table 28 Feedback Form (the author ,2023)
Higher Nationals
Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)
INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC HND in Computing
Assessor Internal Verifier
Unit(s) Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Final Research Project Proposal - The environmental impact of digital

Assignment title transformation
Student’s name
List which assessment criteria Pass Merit Distinction
the Assessor has awarded.
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those shown in the assignment brief? Y/N
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Unit Title Unit 13: Computing Research Project
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Submission Date Date Received

1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd

submission
Assessor Feedback:
LO1 Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the research
process
Pass, Merit & Distinction P1 P2 M1 D1
Descripts
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Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Project Proposal
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Higher National Diploma in Computing
Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number
Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project
Academic Year 2021/22
Unit Tutor
Assignment Title
Issue Date
Submission Date
IV Name & Date
Submission format
Research Project Proposal

 This should be written in a concise, formal business style using single spacing and font
size 12.
 You are required to make use of headings, paragraphs and subsections as appropriate,
and all work must be supported with research
 Reference using the Harvard referencing system.
 Please provide a referencing list using the Harvard referencing system.
The recommended word limit is minimum 2000 words.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1. Examine appropriate research methodologies and approaches as part of the

research process.
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
The environmental impact of digital transformation
The amount of data created and stored globally is expected to reach 175 Zettabytes by
2025, a six-fold increase from 2018. This will demand additional hardware and power
consumption, which; in turn, will increase the environmental impact of the digital sector
and there is already increasing attention on the environmental footprint of ICT equipment
and services as they become more widespread in all aspects of human life. It is the
responsibility of everyone to take action in addressing the challenges of climate change,
as professionals we must also seek ways that the digital sector can play its part. While
digital technologies are one of the sectors that has achieved greater efficiency; achieving
about 100 times more computation power from the same amount of energy per decade,
it remains unsustainable. The sector must continue to seek ways in which it can continue
to support and drive innovation, while addressing the global climate emergency for a
greener and fairer future.
Choosing a research objective/question

Students are to choose their own research topic for this unit. Strong research projects are
those with clear, well focused and defined objectives. A central skill in selecting a
research objective is the ability to select a suitable and focused research objective. One of
the best ways to do this is to put it in the form of a question. Students should be
encouraged by tutors to discuss a variety of topics related to the theme to generate ideas
for a good research objective. The range of topics discussed could cover the following:
 The use of modern methods to reduce carbon emissions in IT network systems.
 The impact of cloud data centres on the environment.
 The environmental implications of e-waste and ways to reduce it.
The Learner requires to produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or
hypothesis, supported by a literature review (Use the project proposal and ethical consideration
form template formats)
Project Proposal should cover following areas.

1. Definition of research problem or question. (This can be stated as a research question,
objectives or hypothesis)
2. Provide a literature review giving the background and conceptualisation of the proposed
area of study. (This would provide existing knowledge and benchmarks by which the data
can be judged)
3. Critically evaluate research process /different research methodologies that can be applied
to computing research project by demonstrating an understanding of the pitfalls, ethical
issues, and limitations. choose a suitable research methodology and justify the selection
based on theoretical/philosophical frameworks.
Draw points (1–3, above) together into a research proposal by getting agreement with your
tutor.
Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback
P1 Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research

question or hypothesis, supported by a literature review
P2 Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to

primary and secondary research.
M1 Evaluate different research approaches and methodology

and make justifications for the choice of methods selected
based on philosophical/ theoretical frameworks.
D1 Critically evaluate research methodologies and processes in
application to a computing research project to justify chosen
research methods and analysis.
Research Proposal Form
Student Name
Student number Date
Centre Name
Unit
Tutor
Proposed title
The study on environmental implications of e-waste in the home

environment with on Sri Lanka.
Section One: Title, objective, responsibilities
Title or working title of research project (in the form of a question, objective
or hypothesis): Research project objectives (e.g. what is the question you
want to answer? What do you want to learn how to do? What do you want
to find out?): Introduction, Objective, Sub Objective(s), Research Questions
and/or Hypothesis
Topic
The study on environmental implications of e-waste in the home
environment with on Sri Lanka.
Introduction
The study on the environmental impacts of unspecified e-waste with Sri
Lanka aims to investigate the adverse personal effects of e-waste
generated in households and its effects on the local ecosystem.
Electronic waste, or e-waste, is discarded electrical and electronic
devices such as computers, mobile phones and appliances. Like many
other countries, Sri Lanka is facing growing concerns regarding e-
waste management. As engineering advances, the rate of consumption
of electronic devices increases, leading to increased generation of e-
waste. Often, these undefined or damaged materials end up in landfills
or are improperly processed, creating environmental hazards.
(ewaste1.com ,2022)
The meditation focuses on the home environment as households are a

significant contributor to the boiler soot e-waste stream. It investigates
the improper handling, storage and disposal practices of e-waste in
households so that harmful substances such as lead, mercury and
cadmium can be unblocked. These toxic substances can leach into
streams and groundwater, contaminating local ecosystems and posing a
serious health risk to humans and wildlife. Moreover, the study
explores awareness and knowledge levels of households on proper e-
waste disposal and recycling practices. It will tax the existing waste
management policies of Crataegus laevigata in Sri Lanka and identify
potential gaps and areas for improvement. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
By shedding light on the environmental impacts of e-waste in the

household context, this study aims to raise awareness, guide policy
makers in formulating operational waste management strategies, and
promote responsible e-waste disposal
practices among households to protect the
environment and public health in Sri Lanka. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
Some potential topics that this research cover include the following
 There are both formal and informal recycling facilities and

processes used in Sri Lanka today to dispose of and recycle e-
waste.
 E-waste may contaminate soil and water, wreak havoc on the
atmosphere, and unleash toxic materials into the environment.
 Both domestic and commercial sources contribute to the types and
quantities of e-waste produced in Sri Lanka.
 Industries that support the safe disposal and recycling of e-waste,
as well as initiatives to reduce the total generation of e-waste using
more sustainable goods and manufacturing practices, are potential
options for improving the management of e-waste in Sri Lanka.
 investigation of Sri Lanka's present e-waste policies and laws,
looking for any loopholes or vulnerabilities in the system.
Purpose of this research
In order to address the country's rising concerns about the management

of electronic waste, it is essential to do research on the effects of e-
waste on the environment in the home environment of Sri Lanka. The
purpose of this study is to increase public and policymaker knowledge
of the negative effects of incorrect e-waste disposal practices in
households. The research aims to encourage people and households to
adopt appropriate e-waste management practices by bringing to light
the dangerous compounds found in electronic equipment and their
potential to pollute the environment and endanger human health.
Additionally, the study's conclusions might help legislators create
efficient rules and measures to address the problem of home e-waste.
The research aims to contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment
while preserving the wellbeing of Sri Lanka's population and its
priceless ecosystems by encouraging
sustainable behaviors including recycling
and safe disposal techniques. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
Importance of this research

This research is essential because these reasons,
First, by fully appreciating how e-waste affects the environment,
legislators and authorities may develop useful policies for limiting and
reducing e-waste. This may include initiatives to encourage safe e-
waste disposal and businesses to support electronic equipment
recycling and reuse. Second, a research on e-waste may help people
better understand how it affects the environment and how crucial it is to
dispose of it properly. This might promote more responsible e-waste
disposal practices and accelerate the development of more sustainable
techniques. The environmental effects of e-waste in Sri Lanka may also
be used to identify common issues and challenges the nation has while
managing e-waste. This knowledge may be applied to interventions and
plans of action to address these issues and ensure that e-waste
management in Sri Lanka is effective and sufferable.
(ewaste1.com ,2022)
Research Questions (RQ)
RQ1: What is the environmental impact of e-waste associated with
household appliances?
RQ2: What is the environmental impact of e-waste associated with
telecommunication equipment?
Research Objectives (RO)

RO1: To identify the environmental impact of e-waste with household
appliances.
RO2: To identify the environmental impact of e-waste with
telecommunication equipment.
Hypothesis (H)
H1: E-waste associated with household
appliances has an impact on the
environment.
H2: E-waste associated with telecommunication equipment has an
impact on the environment.
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project

Reasons for choosing the project (e.g. links to other subjects you are
studying, personal interest, future plans, knowledge/skills you want to
improve, why the topic is important): Motivation, Research gap
Focusing here on Sri Lanka, there are several reasons why one should
research the environmental impacts of e-waste in the household
environment. Accordingly, the following are some of the reasons
identified by the author. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
1. Growing E-Waste creation: As technology develops, there is a
commensurate growth in the manufacturing and use of electronic
gadgets, which has led to a rise in e-waste creation. It is essential to
comprehend the environmental effects of this trend in Sri Lanka in
order to create efficient waste management plans.
2. Environmental Impact: Hazardous substances including lead,

mercury, cadmium, and brominated flame retardants are found in
e-waste. E-waste improperly disposed of poses dangers to
biodiversity and human health by causing soil and water
contamination. Assessing this issue can assist in determining the
extent of Sri Lanka's environmental effect.
3. Lack of Appropriate Recycling Infrastructure: Establishing

effective e-waste recycling facilities is difficult in many poor
nations, including Sri Lanka. The efficacy of the present recycling
infrastructure and its potential for development can be shown via
research.
4. Health Issues: Communities living close to e-waste disposal sites

and those working in the informal recycling industry may be at risk
of health problems as a result of
inappropriate management of e-waste.
To promote improved waste management methods, it is crucial to
look into the health effects.
5. Opportunities for the Circular Economy: Researching e-waste

management may also reveal ways to use the concepts of the
circular economy, such as recycling, refurbishing, and
remanufacturing electronic items, which may support long-term
economic growth.
6. Economical factors: Since many of the materials used in

electronic devices may be recycled and repurposed, e-waste is a
valuable resource. Researchers can find strategies to minimize the
quantity of e-waste produced and to raise the rate of recycling and
reuse by researching the environmental effects of e-waste in the
home environment. This can have positive economic effects on
both people and communities.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
Use of key literature sources to support your objective, Sub Objective,
research question and/or hypothesis: Can include the Conceptual Framework
Literature Review
Introduction to E-Waste
Electronic equipment that have reached the end of their useful lives are
referred to as "e-waste," or "electronic waste." The increased use and
disposal of electronic items in today's technologically advanced society
has given birth to a critical worldwide problem. Old computers, mobile
phones, televisions, refrigerators, and other electrical devices are only a
few examples of what is referred to as "e-waste." (ewaste1.com ,2022)
It is crucial to look at the effects of this increase in e-waste since it has

important environmental repercussions. Hazardous materials including
lead, mercury, and cadmium are released into the environment through
improper disposal methods like incineration and landfill dumping,
which contaminate soil and water supplies. Toxic materials provide
serious health dangers to both people and ecosystems.
(ewaste1.com ,2022)
This study examines the effects of e-waste in the domestic setting on

the environment, with a particular emphasis on Sri Lanka. We seek to
comprehend the scope of the issue and pinpoint potential remedies by
looking at variables like e-waste disposal behavior and awareness
levels. Such information may help communities, corporations, and
legislators create waste management plans that work, encourage
sustainable behavior, and protect the environment for current and future
generations. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
Advantages of E-Waste
 Imagination Recovery: E-waste contains valuable resources such
as precious metals (gold, silver, copper) and rare undefined
elements. Recycling e-waste allows these materials to be
recovered, reducing the need to mine raw resources and promoting
resource conservation.
 Energy savings: Recycling e-waste consumes less energy
compared to the extraction and
processing of the entire material. It
helps conserve energy and reduces greenhouse gas emissions
associated with traditional mining and manufacturing processes.
 Minimizing Landfill Waste: Proper recycling and disposal of e-
waste can divert a significant amount of electronics from landfills,
thereby reducing environmental impact and freeing up suitable
landfill space.
 Environmental protection: Recycling e-waste responsibly
reduces the release of hazardous substances such as lead, mercury
and other toxic chemicals into the environment, reduces litter and
water pollution, and protects ecosystems.
 Job creation: The e-waste recycling and refurbishing industry
creates employment opportunities, especially in developing
countries, where informal recycling sectors can thrive.
Disadvantages of E-Waste
 Health Hazards: Improper handling and disposal of e-waste can
lead to exposure to unsafe substances, causing health problems for
workers in informal recycling sectors and communities.
 Lack of infrastructure: Many countries, especially developing
countries, may lack adequate recycling infrastructure and
regulations to effectively manage e-waste.
 Data Security Risks: Improper disposal of electronic undefined
can pose information security risks as sensitive entropy can be
gained from discarded devices. Before recycling or disposing of
electronic equipment, it is necessary to ensure certain information
hygiene.
 Global trade in e-waste: Some developed countries export their e-
waste to developing countries, which leads to improper treatment
and disposal of such waste, aggravating the situation and raising
health problems.
 Complex recycling process: E-waste recycling can be challenging
and resource-intensive due to the wide range of materials used in
electronic devices. The separation and
processing of these materials can be
technically complex.
 High collection costs: Collection of e-waste from households and
businesses, especially in rural or remote control areas, can be
expensive, making it challenging to implement widespread demand
programs.
Classification of electrical equipment identified by the author.
Home entertainment devices are electronic devices designed to provide

entertainment and leisure activities in the home environment. These
devices offer a variety of audio, visual and interactive experiences for
individuals and families. Includes common home entertainment
devices. Accordingly, the following is a classification of instruments
according to the variables identified by the author. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
Home Appliances
Home appliances are mechanical or electrical tools created to carry out
certain domestic activities and improve the comfort, efficiency, and
convenience of daily living. These tools are necessary to complete
home tasks and activities. Here are a few typical household appliance
kinds.
 Refrigerator: A cooling device used to freeze and preserve food,
beverages and perishable items.
 A washing machine is an appliance that is cleaned in water and
detergent.
 Oven: An appliance that produces heat in an enclosed chamber and
is used to bake, roast and cook food.
 Using microwave radiation, a microwave oven heats or cooks food
quickly and effectively.
 Dishwasher: A device that streamlines the task of cleaning utensils
and dishes.
 A device that reduces heat and humidity
in the air to cool the indoor
environment.
 Vacuum Cleaner: A device that uses suction to remove dust and
debris to clean floors and surfaces.
Prioritizing appropriate disposal and recycling is essential to reducing

the effect of e-waste from household equipment. To successfully
manage e-waste, several nations have put in place laws and recycling
initiatives, which encourage people to discard their old equipment at
designated pickup locations or specialized recycling facilities.
Recycling makes it possible to recover valuable materials and handle
dangerous compounds safely, minimizing the impact of e-waste on the
environment. (ewaste1.com ,2022)
Telecommunication Devices
Communication between individuals and groups spread across a wide
range of places is made possible by telecommunication technologies,
which enable the transmission and receipt of speech, data, and
information across great distances. These gadgets are essential for tying
together organizations, enterprises, and people all around the world.
Here are a few popular categories of communication equipment.
 Telephones: Traditional landlines and modern smartphones allow
voice communication over wired or wireless networks.
 Cell Phones: Portable phones that use cellular networks to enable
wireless voice calls, text messaging, and Internet access.
 Fax Machine: A device that transmits scanned documents and
images over telephone lines, commonly used for business
communication.
 Modem: A device that converts digital signals from computers into
analog signals for transmission over telephone lines or into digital
signals for broadband Internet access.
 Router: An essential device that directs data packets between
networks such as home networks or the
Internet.
 Satellite Phones: Mobile phones that use satellites to communicate
in remote areas without traditional cellular coverage.
 Two-way radios: Hand-held radios used for short-range
communication between individuals or groups, commonly used in
professional settings such as security, construction, or events.
 Webcams: Cameras connected to computers or devices to capture
and transmit video for video conferencing and online
communication.
 VoIP phones: Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) phones that use
Internet connections to make voice calls.
 Intercom Systems: Communication systems within buildings or
properties that allow communication between different rooms or
areas.
To reduce the environmental impact of telecommunications equipment

disposal, responsible management is crucial. To promote effective e-
waste management, including recycling and secure disposal techniques,
several nations have laws and recycling initiatives.
Conceptual Framework
A conceptual framework is a methodical way of classifying and
comprehending a number of ideas and theories associated with a
specific field of study or subject matter. It can direct study or decision-
making by giving a visual picture of the connections between diverse
concepts, principles, and theories. For a specific field of investigation, a
conceptual framework offers a shared vocabulary and knowledge. It
may also assist assure consistency and coherence in research and
practice. (academicguides.waldenu.edu ,2022)
Home Appliances
Environmental
Impact
Telecommunication
Devices Dependent Variables
E-wast
Independent Variables
Section Four: Activities and timescales

Activities to be carried out during the research project (e.g. research,
development, analysis of ideas, writing, data collection, numerical analysis,
tutor meetings, production of final outcome, evaluation, writing the report)
and How long this will take:
Milestone Propose completion
data
Finalizing The Research Topic 25/12/2022
Proposal Submission 28/02/2023
Data Analysis 05/05/2023
Final Report Submission 10/07/2023
Milestone Chart
Figure 23 Milestone Chart
Time Management Plan
Activity
Begin
Identification of Research Theme 2022/12/25
Identification of Topic Choices 2022 / 12 / 29
Topic Selection 2023 / 01 / 09
Significant of the Research 2023 / 01 / 26
Do the Literature Reviews 2023 / 02/ 15
Research Questions, Objectives, and 2023 / 02 / 28

Conceptual Model Creation
Finalizing Research Methodology 2023 / 03 / 10
Finalizing Sample 2023 / 03 / 16
Questioner 2023 / 03 / 26
Distribution Preparation 2023 /04 / 09
Data Collection 2023 / 04 / 16
Reliability analysis 2023 / 04 / 21
Demographic Analysis 2023 / 05 / 01
Descriptive Statistics Analysis 2023 / 05 / 11
Correlation Analysis 2023 / 05 / 21
Regression 2023 / 05 / 31
analysis
Conclusion Generation 2023 / 06 /16
Recommendation Generation 2023 / 06 / 21
Submission of the Thesis 2023 / 07 / 02
Work Breakdown Structure of the Research

01. Initiation
1.1 Identification of Research Theme

1.2 Identification of Topic Choices
1.3 Topic Selection
02. Research Planning
2.1 Significant of the Research
2.2 Do the Literature Reviews
2.3 Research Questions, Objectives, and Conceptual Model

Creation
2.4 Finalizing
Research
Methodolog
y
2.4.1 Research Philosophy
2.4.2 Research Approaches
2.4.3 Research Strategies
2.4.4 Time Horizons
2.4.5 Data Collection Methods
2.5 Finalizing Sample
2.5.1 Sampling Technique Selective
03. Research Execution and Controlling Monitoring
3.1 Questioner
3.2 Distribution Preparation
3.3 Data Collection
3.4 Reliability analysis
3.5 Demographic Analysis
3.6 Descriptive Statistics Analysis
3.7 Correlation Analysis
4. Close Out
4.1 Conclusion Generation
4.2 Recommendation Generation

4.3 Submission of the Thesis
Section Five: Research approach and methodologies
Type of research approach and methodologies you are likely to use, and
reasons for your choice: What your areas of research will cover: Research
Onion; Sample Strategy/Method; Sample Size
Research Methodology
Research technique refers to the planning and carrying out of research. It
involves a variety of activities, including as developing a research question,
deciding on data sources, acquiring and analyzing data, and reporting the
results. Various types of research methodology, such as qualitative and
quantitative research, are possible. When investigating complex events or
understanding the experiences and opinions of others, qualitative research
typically entails obtaining and analyzing data in the form of words, images, or
sounds. Quantitative research, on the other hand, focuses on collecting and
analyzing numerical data and is usually used to test hypotheses or find
connections between variables. research methodology involves making
several important choices, such as choosing the optimal research design, a
sample plan, and data collection and analysis techniques. (Mushahid Syed,
2022)
Research Onion
The "research onion" is a conceptual model that provides a systematic
approach to understanding the numerous layers or procedures involved in
conducting research. It was developed by Saunders et al. (2007) and is often
used in social science research. The research onion is made up of six layers,
or stages, each of which symbolizes a different stage in the research
procedure. These levels interact with one another to produce a methodical
approach to organizing and conducting research. The following are the six
levels of the research onion: (Mushahid Syed, 2022)
The layers of the Research Onion are,

This layer is a representation of the theoretical foundations and
convictions that guide the research strategy. It includes the researcher's
epistemological and ontological presumptions, as well as assumptions
about the nature of the study issue and how it should be approached.
(Mushahid Syed, 2022)
Approach: This layer defines the entire research strategy used, which
may include the study's design as well as its methods for gathering and
analyzing data.
The term "strategy layer" refers to the specific procedures utilized to

carry out the study, such as sampling and data collection techniques.
Choices: This layer shows the decisions that were taken at each stage of
the research process, including the selection of the sample, the
techniques used to collect and analyze the data, and the interpretation
of the findings.
This layer, called the "time horizon," specifies the time frame for the
study's execution as well as the timing of data gathering and analysis.
By taking into consideration these layers, researchers may make sure

that their study is well-designed, meticulous, and that they are clear
about the assumptions and decisions that support their work. The
section below displays the image that goes along with it.
Figure 24 (Research onion) (15writers, 2022)
Here there are four ideas in the research philosophy. Accordingly, the
following are the four ideas.
 Pragmatism
This philosophical paradigm accords pragmatism and the significance
of practical outcomes the greatest emphasis when assessing ideas,
hypotheses, or actions. According to the pragmatic method, a concept
or proposition's utility and validity should be evaluated based on its
applicability in real-world circumstances and capacity to aid in the
accomplishment of certain objectives. A philosophical movement
known as pragmatism places a high value on applying knowledge to
practical problems and having the capacity to address significant global
issues. (Mushahid Syed, 2022)
 Interpretivism
This perspective holds that social processes are intricate and difficult to
quantify using traditional scientific methods. The
use of qualitative data and the examination of
interpretations and meanings are strongly emphasized. (Mushahid Syed,
2022)
 Realism
The author utilized positivism as his research philosophy. Positive research
presupposes the existence of knowledge unrelated to the issue at hand. To put
it another way, learning can only be done objectively and cannot incorporate
the learner's views or opinions. The scientist offers no conclusions. They only
observe. Positivism holds that there is only one truth and that every meaning
is constant across disciplines. According to the positivist school of thinking,
learning can only occur via practical research based on measurement and
observation. Therefore, all knowledge is considered to be acquired afterwards.
Knowledge can only be acquired via research; human thinking is not
necessary. (Mushahid Syed, 2022)
 Positivism
A philosophical system known as positivism places a strong emphasis
on employing scientific methods to investigate observable facts. It is
predicated on the notion that only empirical data and impartial
observations can be used to develop knowledge. Here are a few
justifications for why researchers favor positivism. (Mushahid Syed,
2022)
1.Objectivity and generalizability

2.Quantitative research focus
3.Reductionist approach
It's critical to keep in mind the limitations of positivity. It emphasizes

objectivity and could disregard individual preferences, cultural
contexts, and minute quality variations. If study issues deal with human
opinions, subjective meanings, or the social construction of reality,
other research philosophies, such as Interpretivism or Pragmatism, may
be more appropriate.
In the research approach, there are two
approaches:
The inductive technique is commonly employed in qualitative research

to study and grasp complex social processes. In this research, the
researcher frequently collects data by observation, interviewing, or
document analysis. After then, the data is examined for trends or
themes. Making new ideas or hypotheses that may not have been
considered before is one of the inductive approach's main benefits. The
resultant hypotheses may not be as generally applicable as those
developed using other research methodologies, such as the deductive
approach, which is one disadvantage of the inductive process.
The author conducted her study using a deductive methodology. The

deductive method starts with a hypothesis and uses research to develop
(or test) it. When examining changes in the physical characteristics of
animals through time, for instance, a reasoned approach is used because
this is probably related to the idea of evolution. In other words, an
established corpus of prior research serves as the beginning point.
The choice between deductive and inductive research approaches

depends on the nature of the research question and the study's goals.
Here are some reasons why researchers might select a deductive
approach over an inductive approach,
1. Theory testing
2. Generalizability
3. Quantitative research
4. Structured research design
5. Efficiency
It is crucial to remember that deductive and inductive methods are not

incompatible with one another, and researchers frequently blend
components of the two depending on their
research objectives. Contrarily, inductive
reasoning is frequently applied when investigating novel occurrences,
developing novel hypotheses, or carrying out qualitative research where
the objective is to elucidate patterns and correlations in the data. The
exact research issue, the resources that are available, and the study's
targeted goals ultimately determine which research technique is best. In
the research strategy, there are seven strategies (Mushahid Syed, 2022)
 Experiment
 Survey
 Case study
 Action research
 Grounded theory
 Ethnography
 Archival Research

The third layer of the research onion is the research strategy, which
outlines the general method the researcher will follow to respond to
their research topic. The two basic divisions of the research approach
are quantitative and qualitative. In quantitative research, the approach
usually entails gathering numerical data using experiments,
questionnaires, or other standardized data collection procedures. This
kind of study is frequently used to test theories and draw statistical
conclusions about the group being studied. In qualitative research, the
approach often entails gathering non-numerical data using interviews,
observations, or other unstructured data collection techniques. This
kind of study is frequently employed to investigate intricate phenomena
and provide original ideas or hypotheses. (Mushahid Syed, 2022)
Both quantitative and qualitative research can employ a variety of

research techniques, such as case studies, action research, ethnography,
grounded theory, etc. The study topic, the data that must be gathered,
and the researcher's resources will all influence the choice of research
approach. Overall, the research strategy is a crucial part of the research
procedure since it aids in directing the
investigation process and guarantees that the
information gathered is pertinent and significant to the research issue.
The research strategy employed by the author was the survey approach.
A case study is a thorough, in-depth investigation of one particular
topic, such as a person, organization, event, institution, phenomenon, or
problem. In order to fully comprehend the challenges in a real-life
setting, this research analyzes the topic. Here, learning in-depth within
the context of the study is the goal rather than (necessarily)
generalizing the findings. For instance, the current political climate in a
nation and factors that can influence respondents' choice of a certain
stance should be taken into account while conducting a poll on the
political opinions of a particular group of individuals. (Mushahid Syed,
2022)
There are several reasons why researchers choose to use surveys as a

research strategy over other methods. Here are some key reasons,
1. Data collection from a large sample

2. Standardization and comparability
3. Anonymity and confidentiality
4. Cost-effectiveness
5. Time efficiency
6. Accessibility
It is crucial to remember that while surveys offer many benefits, they

could only be appropriate for certain study issues or demographics.
When choosing the best research approach, researchers must take into
account the precise goals of their study, the type of data they require,
and the characteristics of their target population. (Mushahid Syed,
2022)
In the choices there are three choices.
Integrating qualitative and quantitative
research into a single study is known as
mixed method research. This method enables researchers to consider a
subject or issue from several angles and can offer a more thorough
grasp of the phenomena being studied. To ensure the rigor and validity
of the study, mixed methods research often entails the collection and
analysis of both qualitative and quantitative data utilizing a variety of
research approaches.
Multiple research methodologies are utilized in a single study during

multi-method research, however they are not always integrated or
blended. A researcher may, for instance, employ a survey to get
quantitative data and interviews to gather qualitative data. As a result,
the validity of the study may be increased. Multi-method research
enables researchers to triangulate findings across many data sources.
Research topics or issues that cannot be successfully addressed
separately can be handled using mixed techniques or many
methodologies, respectively. The study issue, the type of data, and the
resources at hand will determine which of these two techniques is best.
The author's research decisions were based on the Mono technique. For
the reasons listed below, the researcher chose the mono approach. If
you choose a mono approach, you will only utilize one type of data,
either quantitative or qualitative. For instance, consider doing a survey
to examine the opinions of a community on a normal burger
establishment. In that circumstance, you could only investigate the
thoughts and opinions of the participants by using a qualitative
technique.
When conducting research, the choice of research method depends on

various factors, such as the research objectives, the nature of the
research question, the available resources, and the study's specific
context. Here is a breakdown of the reasons for selecting different
research methods:
1. Mono Method (Qualitative or Quantitative)

2. Mixed Method (Combination of Qualitative and Quantitative)
3. Multi-method (Multiple methods within the same category)
Mono, mixed, or multi-method designs are ultimately determined by

the study objectives, the difficulty of the research issue, the resources at
hand, and the researcher's level of skill. To effectively address their
study aims, researchers should carefully analyze these criteria and
choose the most suitable research design. Quantitative research
methods are used in this study. So, the mono approach was selected.
There are two temporal frames in the space:
 Cross-sectional
 Longitudinal
Sometimes, longitudinal research is contrasted with cross-sectional
research, which continually collects data from multiple samples. The
same people are observed and measured over a prolonged period of
time in longitudinal research. With the use of this research method, it is
possible to examine how persons or groups' behavior, attitudes, or
health outcomes change over time. Three subtypes of longitudinal
research include trend, panel, and cohort studies. Various samples, such
as those drawn from across several generations, are used to collect data
for trend research. The same model is seen and assessed several times
in panel research. Cohort studies follow the development of various
groups of people who share a characteristic, such as those who were
born in the same year. (Centre, T.E, 2022) .
The research time horizon employed by the author was cross-sectional.

Imagine using a cross-sectional time horizon if you wanted to research
the language used in memes at a certain moment (say, in 2020). At one
time, data is gathered in this location. As a result, you wouldn't be
gathering information to track language evolution but rather to
document the state of the language at a given time. Since the emphasis
is on the collecting time rather than the data
kind, the data gathering technique might be
quantitative, qualitative, or a combination of the two. (Centre, T.E,
2022) .
There are several reasons why researchers might choose to use a cross-
sectional design rather than a longitudinal design in their study. Here
are some common reasons,
1. Time and resources

2. Practicality
3. Research question and scope
4. Hypothesis generation
5. Ethical considerations
The decision between cross-sectional and longitudinal designs relies on

the research topic, objectives, resources available, and other contextual
considerations, it is crucial to remember. These things should be
carefully taken into account when researchers choose the design that
best suits their objectives. Data gathering and data analysis are the sole
options available for usage in the techniques and procedures. Decide on
common methodologies and processes by getting down to the actual
practicalities of research.
The research onion model connects data collecting and analysis as two
crucial steps in the research process. The objectives and research
approach influence the choice of data gathering techniques. The choice
of data analysis methods, on the other hand, is based on the nature of
the data that was gathered and the research objectives. To guarantee
consistency and rigor in the design and execution of their study,
researchers should carefully analyze the alignment between the many
levels of the research onion.
To gather information about e-waste in the home environment, the
author employed a questionnaire. The
Morgan table indicates that 40 of the 50
participants who made up the study population were chosen to
participate in the data collection. Google Forms was utilized to gather
the data, and IBM SPSS was also used to evaluate the data.(Centre,
T.E, 2022) .
Research Population
The population in research is the set of individuals or things that the

investigation is focused on. The broader group is what the study is
attempting to draw conclusions about. There are several ways to
characterize the population depending on the study issue. The
population might be, for instance, all individuals who reside in a certain
nation, all pupils at a particular institution, or all items belonging to a
single company. The research population is important because it
establishes the parameters of the investigation and the inferences that
may be made from the findings. To guarantee that the findings are
pertinent and can be extrapolated to the wider community, it is crucial
for researchers to characterize the group they are investigating
precisely. To study a population, researchers often use a sample, a
smaller group of people or objects selected from the population. The
sample is used to represent the larger population and is used to
conclude the population. (Centre, T.E, 2022) . This research's actual
population is 22.16 million because it was the population of Sri Lanka,
but the author cannot use that many people in this research. As student
research, the author cannot use the Morgan table to select the sample
size because the sample size in the Morgan table is not feasible.
Therefore, the author uses 50 as the sample size for this research.
(Centre, T.E, 2022) .
Research Sampling
In research studies, research sampling is a method used to choose a

portion of participants or data from a broader population. To make
generalizations about the population based
on the study's findings, sampling's objective
is to select a representative group that is representative of the greater
population. Sampling is crucial to research because it enables scientists
to examine a limited set of people or data and draw conclusions about a
wider population. Different sampling techniques are available to
researchers, such as non-probability sampling, where the likelihood of
selection is unknown, and probability sampling, where each member of
the population has a known and non-zero probability of being chosen.
The study objective, the resources at hand, and the characteristics of the
population being investigated will all influence the sampling technique
choice. A research study's sampling strategy must be carefully
considered because if the sample is not representative of the population,
the results may be prejudiced. This may result in judgments about the
population under study that are unreliable or deceptive.
The two types of sampling methods,
1. Probability sampling
 Simple random sampling

 Cluster sampling
 Systematic sampling
 Stratified random sampling
2. Non-probability sampling
 Convenience sampling
 Judgmental or purposive sampling
 Snowball sampling
 Quota sampling
For the purpose of gathering information for the study, the author chose
the Snowball sampling methodology and employed a non-probability
sampling method.
When tracing a topic takes some time, researchers employ the snowball
sampling method. Surveying immigrants who are criminals or
homeless, for instance, will be very difficult. Investigators can follow a
few different sorts of interviews using the snowball hypothesis and
determine results in these situations. This sample strategy is used by
researchers when studying a sensitive subject that is not widely
addressed, such as when conducting surveys to learn more about Aids
and HIV. Few victims will voluntarily respond to the questions. Still,
researchers can contact acquaintances or cause-related volunteers to get
in touch with the targets and collect information. (Centre, T.E, 2022) .
Here are some reasons why snowball sampling may be preferred over
other sampling techniques, both non-probability, and probability,
1. Hidden or rare populations

2. Lack of sampling frame
3. Cost and time efficiency
4. Trust and rapport
5. Exploratory research
However, it is important to recognize that snowball sampling has its
limitations. Due to the fact that participants are not chosen at random
from the target group, the sample acquired by snowball sampling may
be biased. As people only mention people who are similar to
themselves, the sample may become less diverse. Therefore, just a
portion of the population may be affected by the results from a
snowball sample. When deciding on the best sampling strategy for their
study, researchers should carefully take these considerations into
account.
Reference List
15 Writers (2023) Guide to understanding
the Research Onion, 15 Writers. Available at:
https://15writers.com/research-onion/ (Accessed: 18 June 2023).
Centre, T.E. (2022) What is pragmatism? - ethics explainer by the

Ethics Centre, THE ETHICS CENTRE. Available at:
https://ethics.org.au/ethics-explainer-pragmatism/ (Accessed: 14
January 2023).
Questionpro (2022) Types of sampling: Sampling methods with

examples, QuestionPro. Available at:
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/types-of-sampling-for-social-
research/ (Accessed: January 16, 2023).
Phone, S. (2023) Electronic waste, Sabko Phone. Available at:

https://sabkophone.com/electronic-waste/ (Accessed: January 10,
2023).
California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery. (n.d.).

What is E-Waste? Retrieved from
https://calrecycle.ca.gov/electronics/whatisewaste/
Rezaei, R., Liu, Y., & He, J. (2022). Drivers of electronic waste
generation in the United States: A structural equation modeling
approach. Environmental Pollution, 293, 118437. doi:
10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118437
Comments and agreement from tutor

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another qualification and is appropriate.
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Research Ethics Approval Form

All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected from human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing
their research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
Section 1: Basic Details
Project title:
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
School:
Intended research start date:
Intended research end date:
Section 2: Project Summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of your project
 Interviews:
 Questionnaires:
 Observations:
 Use of Personal Records:
 Data Analysis:
 Action Research:
 Focus Groups:
 Other (please specify): ................................................................
Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:

Age 12-16 Young People aged 17–18 Adults
How will participants be recruited (identified and approached)?
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
Studies involving questionnaires:
Will participants be given the option of omitting questions they do not wish
to answer?
Yes No
If “NO” please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical
issues arising from this.
Studies involving observation:
Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be

observed.
Yes No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e. give them a
brief explanation of the study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study? (This
could be a brief summary of your findings in general)
Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance
with the Data Protection Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
During the research:
Where will the data be stored?
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used?

Yes No
If “YES”, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
Will data be kept for use by other researchers?

Yes No
If “YES”, please provide further details:
Section 5: Ethical Issues

Are there any particular features of your proposed work which may raise
ethical concerns? If so, please outline how you will deal with these:
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and
Ethics Policy:
Yes No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit
Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct and that this is a full description of the
ethics issues that may arise in the course of my research.
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Higher Nationals

Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)

Final Research Report – The environmental impact of digital

Do the assessment criteria awarded match

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

Internal Verifier signature Date

Unit Title Unit 13: Computing Research Project

Assignment Number 1 Assessor

Submission Date Date Received

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd

Pass, Merit & Distinction

LO3 Communicate the outcomes of a research project to identified stakeholders

Pass, Merit & Distinction

LO4 Reflect on the application of research methodologies and concepts

Pass, Merit & Distinction

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Unit Number and Title Unit 13 – Computing Research Project

Assignment Title Final Research Project Report

IV Name & Date

 The submission is in the form of an individual written report.

P3 Conduct primary and secondary research using

Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the

Name of research Tutor: Mrs. Tharika Amali

Name of Research Candidate:

Candidate Signature: Date:

Subscribed and solemnly declared before,

Supervisor’s Signature: Date:

Recommendations are made to promote sustainable e-waste management, including extended

3.6.5. Data Storage...............................................................................................................................4

Table 1 Questionnaire structure (the author ,2023).......................................................................16

By revealing the complexities involved in e-waste in the household environment in Sri

The ultimate objective of this research is to provide evidence-based insights and

1.4. Research objectives

1.5. Research Sub objectives

1.8. Thesis structure

CHAPTER 2 - Literature Review

CHAPTER 4 - Presentation of Results

CHAPTER 5 - Conclusions and Recommendations

CHAPTER 2 - LITERATURE REVIEW

While research on e-waste management has expanded in developed countries, there is a

 Environmental Protection: Proper e-waste recycling helps prevent hazardous materials

 Environmental Pollution: Improper disposal of e-waste, such as burning or dumping,

 Digital divide: E-waste is mainly collected in developed countries, wasting valuable

How e-waste affects the home environment.

1.10. Conceptual framework

Research onion model

1.11. Research philosophy

1.12. Research approach

1.15. Time frame

Cross-sectional research, which continuously gathers data from various samples, is

1.16.1. Data Collection Method

 Mean: numerical average of a set of values.