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    1

    DIVERSITY IN LIVING ORGANISMS

    Biodiversity means different forms of living organisms or variety of life forms found in a
    particular region.
    Classification
    Classification of organisms is a system of arrangement of organisms into different groups and
    sub-groups on the basis of their similarities, differences and relationships.
    The major characteristics used in classifying the organisms into 5 kingdoms are
    (a) Whether cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
    (b) Whether cells occur singly or in clusters.
    (c) Whether the organism is photosynthetic or takes food from outside
    (heterotrophic).
    (d) Organization of different body parts.
    Binomial Nomenclature
    Giving a correct scientific name to an organism or a taxon is called nomenclature.which are
    listed below in hierarchy
    Kingdom
    Phylum (for animals)/Division (for plants)
    Class
    Order
    Family
    Genus
    Species
    Five Kingdom Classification
    • Robert H. Whittaker (1959) divided living organisms into 5 kingdoms:
    (i) Kingdom : Monera
    (ii) Kingdom : Protista
    (iii) Kingdom : Fungi
    (iv) Kingdom : Plantae
    (v) Kingdom : Animalia

    1
    2
    Class

    Organisms

    Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

    MONERA
    Unicellular Multicellular

    PROTISTA

    With cell wall Without cell wall

    ANIMALIA

    Non-green and Green and


    non-photosynthetic photosynthetic

    FUNGI PLANTAE

    2
    3
    Class

    PLANTAE

    Plant body is not Plant body is


    well differentiated differentiated

    1. ALGAE
    or
    Plant do not possess Plant possess
    THALLOPHYTA
    vascular tissue vascular tissue

    2. BRYOPHYTA

    Plants do not Plants produce


    produce seeds seeds

    3. PTERIDOPHYTA

    Plants bear Plants bear seeds


    naked seeds inside fruits

    4. GYMNOSPERMS 5. ANGIOSPERMS

    3
    4
    Class

    KINGDOM : ANIMALIA

    Level of organisation
    Cellular Tissue

    1. Porifera

    No coelom between Pseudocoelom True coelom


    epidermis and gastrodermis Present present

    4. Nematoda

    Body radial Body bilateral

    2. Coelentrata 3. Platyhelminthes

    Mesodermal cells formed from single Endoderm gives rise


    cell during growth of embryo to coelom

    5. Annelida 6. Arthropoda 7. Mollusca

    Notochord absent Intermediate characters Notochord present

    8. Echinodermata 9. Hemichordata 10. Chordata

    Notochord present in at least larval Notochord replaced by


    forms but very rudimentary. vertebral column in adults.

    Protochordata Vertebrata

    Exoskeleton of scales, Gills in larva, Exoskeleton of Exoskeleton of Exoskeleton of


    endoskeleton of bone/ lungs in most scales, laying egg feathers, lay eggs hair, external ears,
    cartilage. adults. outside water outside water, mostly give birth
    flight possible to young ones.

    Pisces Amphibia Reptilia Aves Mammalia

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