Chapter 5(Test)

Chapter 5.
1 Sound, Vibrations, and energy transfer
Solving Questions P.95

1) Name three sources of sounds waves
- Vocal cords
- Loudspeaker
- Piano
- Guitar
- Drum
- Musical instruments
2) Sound needs materials such as air, water, and metals so vacuum it

means a space that is completely empty of everything, including
air so sound can’t travel through an empty space
3) Sound travel slower in air compared with water because sound

travel fastest in solids and slowest in gases this is because the
particles in a solid are closer together than they are in a gas, so
the vibration is passed on more quickly
4) Sound is produced in a guitar by vibrations
Notes:
1) Sound waves are produced by vibrating objects
2) Vibrations are transferred through solids, liquids, and gases by
particles vibrating
3) Sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in gases. It can’t
travel through a vacuum
4) Sound needs material such as air, water, metals
5) A space that is completely empty of everything, including air, is
a vacuum
6) Where the air molecules are close together it is called a
compression
7) Where the air molecules are further apart it is called a
rarefaction
8) The speed of sound in
a) Air 330m/s
b) Water 1500 m/s
c) Metals 5000 m/s
9) a) Longitudinal waves are waves in which the direction of the
wave is parallel to the direction of the vibration of the particles
(motion of air molecules moves forward and backward)
Examples: sound waves, earthquake (seismic P-waves),
ultrasound waves, tsunami waves
b) Transverse waves are waves in which direction of the wave
is perpendicular to the direction of the vibration of the
particles (motion of air molecules moves up and down)
Examples: Mexican stadium, ocean waves, electromagnetic
waves (radio, light), seismic S-waves
5.3 Loudness and the decibel scale
1) Sound that we do not want to hear are called noise

2) The intensity of a sound is measured with a sound level meter
on a scale called the decibel scale(dB)
3) Every increase of 10 dB increases the intensity 10 times.
4) Loud sounds can damage your hearing over a period of time.
5) There are three main ways of reducing the risk from noise if
you cannot change the sound level:
-shielding your ears.
-Increasing the distance moving away from the source of the
sound.
-reducing the time that you spend near the source of the
sound.
Solving Questions P.99

1) Sounds that we do not want to hear are called noise
2) A 40 dB sound is 10 times as intense as a 30 dB sound
3) - Turn the volume down
-Reduce the time
4) -Airport workers
- Factory engineers
- Construction workers
-Hunters
- Musicians
5) can damage hearing after 8 hours per day.
5.4 Loudness, amplitude, and oscilloscopes

1) Waves have wavelength, amplitude and frequency
2) An oscilloscope connected to a microphone can
display a sound wave on a screen
3) The distance from one point on a wave to the
same point on the next wave is called the
wavelength (m)
4) How many waves go past in 1 second is called Frequency
(Hz)
5) The distance from the Centre of the wave to the highest
or lowest point is called amplitude
6) The high-pressure regions (compressions) and the low-
pressure regions (rarefactions)
7) Where the line goes up the particles are close together
and where it goes down, they are far apart
8) A soft sound has a small amplitude.
9) A loud sound has a large amplitude
10) The loudness of a sound depends on the amplitude
11) Amplifier: to make the voice louder
12) An amplifier increases the amplitude of the electrical
signal produced the sound wave, so that when it is
broadcast through a loudspeaker it sounds louder.
Solving Questions P.101:
1) Loud, soft
2) The distance from the Centre of the wave to the
highest or lowest point is called amplitude
3) An amplifier to make the voice louder
4) b and c
5.5 Pitch and frequency
Pitch: the pitch of a string depends on the number of

times it vibrates every second
Frequency: the number of vibrations or waves per
second
The unit of frequency is Hz
1 KHz = 1000 Hz
The frequency is related to the wavelength:
A high frequency sound will have a short wavelength
A low frequency sound will have a long wavelength
The Loudness of a sound depends on the amplitude
A soft sound has a small amplitude
A loud sound has a large amplitude
Oscilloscope: an oscilloscope connected to a microphone

can display the sound wave on a screen
The range of frequencies that you can hear is the audible

range
20Hz-20,000Hz
Infrasound is sound with a frequency that is less than
20Hz
Ultrasound is sound with a frequency that is higher than
20,000Hz
Different animals have different audible ranges

Whale has the biggest range of hearing
Your audible range gets smaller as you get older
Higher notes have a higher frequency
Harmonics
Q1: Consider A 80 cm long guitar string that has a
fundamental frequency (1st harmonic) of 400 Hz
a) Draw the node(N) and the Anti-node (AN)
b) Calculate the wavelength (𝜆)
2𝐿
c) 𝜆 =
𝑛
d) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (𝑉)
𝑉 = 𝜆×𝐹

fundamental frequency (2nd harmonics) of 400 Hz
e) Draw the node(N) and the Anti-node (AN)
f) Calculate the wavelength (𝜆)
2𝐿
g) 𝜆 =
𝑛
h) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (𝑉)
𝑉 = 𝜆×𝐹

fundamental frequency (3rd harmonics) of 400 Hz
i) Draw the node(N) and the Anti-node (AN)
j) Calculate the wavelength (𝜆)
2𝐿
k) 𝜆 =
𝑛
l) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (𝑉)
𝑉 = 𝜆×𝐹

fundamental frequency (4th harmonic) of 400 Hz
m)Draw the node(N) and the Anti-node (AN)
n) Calculate the wavelength (𝜆)
2𝐿
o) 𝜆 =
𝑛
p) 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 (𝑉)
𝑉 = 𝜆×𝐹
Intensity
Q1) 𝐼0=10−12 𝑤/𝑚2
a) What is the intensity of a 10 dB sound wave?
b) What is the intensity of a 20 dB sound wave?
c) What is the intensity of a 30 dB sound wave?
d) What is the intensity of a 40 dB sound wave?
e) What is the intensity of a 50 dB sound wave?
f) What is the intensity of a 60 dB sound wave?
g) What is the intensity of a 70 dB sound wave?
h) What is the intensity of a 80 dB sound wave?
i) What is the intensity of a 90 dB sound wave?
j) What is the intensity of a 100 dB sound wave?
k) What is the intensity of a 110 dB sound wave?
l) What is the intensity of a 120 dB sound wave?

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Chapter 5(Test)

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Chapter 5.

1 Sound, Vibrations, and energy transfer

Solving Questions P.95

2) Sound needs materials such as air, water, and metals so vacuum it

3) Sound travel slower in air compared with water because sound

4) Sound is produced in a guitar by vibrations

5.3 Loudness and the decibel scale

1) Sound that we do not want to hear are called noise

Solving Questions P.99

5.4 Loudness, amplitude, and oscilloscopes

5.5 Pitch and frequency

Pitch: the pitch of a string depends on the number of

Oscilloscope: an oscilloscope connected to a microphone

The range of frequencies that you can hear is the audible

Different animals have different audible ranges

Higher notes have a higher frequency

Q2: Consider A 80 cm long guitar string that has a

Q3: Consider A 80 cm long guitar string that has a

Q4: Consider A 80 cm long guitar string that has a

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