Chapter 12

Kinetic Theory of Gases

1. One kg of diatomic gas is at a pressure of 5. The mass of a hydrogen molecule is 3.32 × 10–27
8 × 104 N/m2. The density of the gas is 4 kg/m3. kg. If 1023 hydrogen molecules strike, per second,
What is the energy of the gas due to its thermal a fixed wall of area 2 cm2 at an angle of 45° to
motion? [AIEEE-2009] the normal, and rebound elastically with a speed of
(1) 5 × 104 J (2) 6 × 104 J 103 m/s, then the pressure on the wall is nearly
[JEE (Main)-2018]
(3) 7 × 104 J (4) 3 × 104 J
(1) 2.35 × 103 N/m2 (2) 4.70 × 103 N/m2
2. An open glass tube is immersed in mercury in
such a way that a length of 8 cm extends above (3) 2.35 × 102 N/m2 (4) 4.70 × 102 N/m2
the mercury level. The open end of the tube is then 6. A mixture of 2 moles of helium gas (atomic mass
closed and sealed and the tube is raised vertically
= 4 u), and 1 mole of argon gas (atomic mass =
up by additional 46 cm. What will be length of the
40 u) is kept at 300 K in a container. The ratio of
air column above mercury in the tube now?
(Atmospheric pressure = 76 cm of Hg) Vrms (helium) 
their rms speeds   , is close to
[JEE (Main)-2014]  Vrms (argon) 
(1) 16 cm (2) 22 cm
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(3) 38 cm (4) 6 cm
(1) 2.24 (2) 0.45
3. Consider an ideal gas confined in an isolated
(3) 3.16 (4) 0.32
closed chamber. As the gas undergoes an
adiabatic expansion, the average time of collision 7. A 15 g mass of nitrogen gas is enclosed in a
between molecules increases as Vq, where V is vessel at a temperature 27°C. Amount of heat
the volume of the gas. The value of q is transferred to the gas, so that rms velocity of
molecules is doubled, is about [JEE (Main)-2019]
 CP 
   [JEE (Main)-2015] [Take R = 83 J/K mole]
 Cv 
(1) 3 kJ (2) 14 kJ
3  5 3  5 (3) 10 kJ (4) 0.9 kJ
(1) (2)
6 6 8. Two kg of a monoatomic gas is at a pressure of
4 × 104 N/m2. The density of the gas is 8 kg/m3.
 1  1 What is the order of energy of the gas due to its
(3) (4)
2 2 thermal motion ? [JEE (Main)-2019]
4. The temperature of an open room of volume 30 m3 (1) 103 J (2) 105 J
increases from 17°C to 27°C due to the sunshine.
The atmospheric pressure in the room remains (3) 104 J (4) 106 J
1 × 10 5 Pa. If n i and n f are the number of 9. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen and
molecules in the room before and after heating, 5 moles of argon at temperature T. Considering
then nf – ni will be [JEE (Main)-2017] only translational and rotational modes, the total
(1) –1.61 × 1023 internal energy of the system is
(2) 1.38 × 1023 [JEE (Main)-2019]
(3) 2.5 × 1025 (1) 4 RT (2) 12 RT
(4) –2.5 × 1025 (3) 15 RT (4) 20 RT
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10. An ideal gas occupies a volume of 2 m 3 at a 16. The specific heats, CP and CV of a gas of diatomic
pressure of 3 × 106 Pa. The energy of the gas is molecules, A, are given (in units of J mol–1 K–1) by
[JEE (Main)-2019] 29 and 22, respectively. Another gas of diatomic
molecules, B, has the corresponding values 30 and
(1) 108 J (2) 9 × 106 J 21. If they are treated as ideal gases, then
(3) 6 × 104 J (4) 3 × 102 J
[JEE (Main)-2019]
11. An ideal gas is enclosed in a cylinder at pressure
(1) A is rigid but B has a vibrational mode
of 2 atm and temperature, 300 K. The mean time
between two successive collisions is 6 × 10–8 s. (2) A has a vibrational mode but B has none
If the pressure is doubled and temperature is (3) Both A and B have a vibrational mode each
increased to 500 K, the mean time between two
(4) A has one vibrational mode and B has two
successive collisions will be close to
17. A 25 × 10 –3 m 3 volume cylinder is filled with
[JEE (Main)-2019]
1 mol of O2 gas at room temperature (300 K). The
(1) 2 × 10–7 s (2) 3 × 10–6 s molecular diameter of O2, and its root mean square
(3) 0.5 × 10–8 s (4) 4 × 10–8 s speed, are found to be 0.3 nm and 200 m/s,
respectively. What is the average collision rate (per
12. If 10 22 gas molecules each of mass 10 –26 kg
second) for an O2 molecule? [JEE (Main)-2019]
collide with a surface (perpendicular to it)
elastically per second over an area 1 m2 with a (1) ~1012 (2) ~1010
speed 104 m/s, the pressure exerted by the gas (3) ~1011 (4) ~1013
molecules will be [JEE (Main)-2019]
18. A cylinder with fixed capacity of 67.2 lit contains
(1) 1 N/m2 (2) 2 N/m2 helium gas at STP. The amount of heat needed to
(3) 3 N/m2 (4) 4 N/m2 raise the temperature of the gas by 20°C is :
13. The temperature, at which the root mean square [Given that R = 8.31 J mol–1K–1]
velocity of hydrogen molecules equals their escape [JEE (Main)-2019]
velocity from the earth, is closest to (1) 700 J (2) 350 J
[Boltzmann constant kB = 1.38 × 10–23 J/K (3) 374 J (4) 748 J
Avogadro Number NA = 6.02 × 1026 /kg 19. Two moles of helium gas is mixed with three moles
Radius of Earth : 6.4 × 106 m of hydrogen molecules (taken to be rigid). What is
Gravitational acceleration on Earth = 10 ms–2] the molar specific heat of mixture at constant
volume? [JEE (Main)-2019]
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(R = 8.3 J/mol K)
(1) 104 K (2) 650 K
(1) 19.7 J/mol K (2) 21.6 J/mol K
(3) 800 K (4) 3 × 105 K
(3) 15.7 J/mol K (4) 17.4 J/mol K
14. For a given gas at 1 atm pressure, rms speed of
the molecules is 200 m/s at 127°C. At 2 atm 20. The number density of molecules of a gas depends
pressure and at 227°C, the rms speed of the on their distance r from the origin as,
molecules will be [JEE (Main)-2019] 4
n( r )  n0e – r . Then the total number of molecules
(1) 100 5 m/s (2) 100 m/s is proportional to [JEE (Main)-2019]

(3) 80 5 m/s (4) 80 m/s (1) n0a–3/4 (2) n0 ½

15. An HCl molecule has rotational, translational and (3) n0a1/4 (4) n0a–3
vibrational motions. If the rms velocity of HCI
molecules in its gaseous phase is v , m is its CP 5
21. Two moles of an ideal gas with  are mixed
mass and k B is Boltzmann constant, then its CV 3
temperature will be : [JEE (Main)-2019] CP 4
with 3 moles of another ideal gas with C  3 .
V
mv 2 mv 2 CP
(1) (2) The value of for the mixture is
5kB 6kB CV
[JEE (Main)-2020]
mv 2 mv 2 (1) 1.47 (2) 1.42
(3) (4)
7kB 3kB (3) 1.50 (4) 1.45
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

22. The plot that depicts the behavior of the mean free 27. An ideal gas in a closed container is slowly
time t (time between two successive collisions) for heated. As its temperature increases, which of the
the molecules of an ideal gas, as a function of following statements are true? [JEE (Main)-2020]
temperature (T), qualitatively, is (Graphs are
(A) the mean free path of the molecules
schematic and not drawn to scale)
decreases.
[JEE (Main)-2020]
(B) the mean collision time between the molecules
decreases.
(C) the mean free path remains unchanged.
(1) (2)
(D) the mean collision time remains unchanged.
(1) (C) and (D)
(2) (A) and (D)
(3) (B) and (C)
(4) (A) and (B)
(3) (4)
28.

23. Consider a mixture of n moles of helium gas and Consider a gas of triatomic molecules. The
2n moles of oxygen gas (molecules taken to be molecules are assumed to be triangular and made
rigid) as an ideal gas. Its Cp/Cv value will be of massless rigid rods whose vertices are
[JEE (Main)-2020] occupied by atoms. The internal energy of a mole
of the gas at temperature T is [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 40/27 (2) 19/13
(1) 3RT
(3) 67/45 (4) 23/15
24. Consider two ideal diatomic gases A and B at 9
some temperature T. Molecules of the gas A are (2) RT
2
rigid, and have a mass m. Molecules of the gas B
have an additional vibrational mode, and have a 3
m (3) RT
mass . The ratio of the specific heats 2
4
(CVA and CVB ) of gas A and B, respectively is 5
(4) RT
[JEE (Main)-2020] 2
(1) 3 : 5 (2) 7 : 9 29. To raise the temperature of a certain mass
(3) 5 : 7 (4) 5 : 9 of gas by 50°C at a constant pressure,
160 calories of heat is required. When the same
25. Two gases - argon (atomic radius 0.07 nm, atomic mass of gas is cooled by 100°C at constant
weight 40) and xenon (atomic radius 0.1 nm, volume, 240 calories of heat is released. How
atomic weight 140), have the same number density many degrees of freedom does each molecule of
and are at the same temperature. The ratio of their this gas have (assume gas to be ideal)?
respective mean free times is closest to
[JEE (Main)-2020] [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 1.09 (2) 4.67 (1) 6 (2) 7
(3) 2.3 (4) 3.67 (3) 3 (4) 5
26. A gas mixture consists of 3 moles of oxygen and 30. Hydrogen ion and singly ionized helium atom are
5 moles of argon at temperature T. Assuming the accelerated, from rest, through the same potential
gases to be ideal and the oxygen bond to be rigid, difference. The ratio of final speeds of hydrogen
the total internal energy (in units of RT) of the and helium ions is close to [JEE (Main)-2020]
mixture is [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 2 : 1 (2) 1 : 2
(1) 13 (2) 15
(3) 20 (4) 11 (3) 10 : 7 (4) 5 : 7
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31. Match the Cp/Cv ratio for ideal gases with different 34. In a dilute gas at pressure P and temperature T,
type of molecules [JEE (Main)-2020] the mean time between successive collisions of a
Molecule Type Cp/Cv molecule varies with T as [JEE (Main)-2020]

(A) Monatomic (I) 7/5 (1) T (2) T

(B) Diatomic rigid (II) 9/7
1 1
molecules (3) (4)
T T
(C) Diatomic non-rigid (III) 4/3 35. A closed vessel contains 0.1 mole of a monatomic
molecules ideal gas at 200 K. If 0.05 mole of the same gas
at 400 K is added to it, the final equilibrium
(D) Triatomic rigid (IV) 5/3 temperature (in K) of the gas in the vessel will be
close to _________. [JEE (Main)-2020]
molecules
36. Nitrogen gas is at 300°C temperature. The
(1) (A)–(II), (B)–(III), (C)–(I), (D)–(IV) temperature (in K) at which the rms speed of a H2
molecule would be equal to the rms speed of a
(2) (A)–(IV), (B)–(II), (C)–(I), (D)–(III)
nitrogen molecule, is ___ . [JEE (Main)-2020]
(3) (A)–(IV), (B)–(I), (C)–(II), (D)–(III) (Molar mass of N2 gas 28 g).
(4) (A)–(III), (B)–(IV), (C)–(II), (D)–(I) 37. Initially a gas of diatomic molecules is contained
in a cylinder of volume V1 at a pressure P1 and
32. Number of molecules in a volume of 4 cm3 of a temperature 250 K. Assuming that 25% of the
perfect monoatomic gas at some temperature T molecules get dissociated causing a change in
and at a pressure of 2 cm of mercury is close number of moles. The pressure of the resulting gas
to ? (Given, mean kinetic energy of a molecule at temperature 2000 K, when contained in a
(at T) is 4 × 10–14 erg, g = 980 cm/s2, density of volume 2V 1 is given by P 2 . The ratio P 2 /P 1
mercury = 13.6 g/cm3) [JEE (Main)-2020] is _________. [JEE (Main)-2020]
38. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, the gas
(1) 5.8 × 1018 (2) 4.0 × 1016 exerts pressure because its molecules:
(3) 5.8 × 1016 (4) 4.0 × 1018 [JEE (Main)-2021]

33. Molecules of an ideal gas are known to have three (1) Suffer change in momentum when impinge on
translational degrees of freedom and two rotational the walls of container
degrees of freedom. The gas is maintained at a (2) Continuously stick to the walls of container
temperature of T. The total internal energy, U of a (3) Continuously lose their energy till it reaches
 Cp  wall
mole of this gas, and the value of     are (4) Are attracted by the walls of container
 Cv 
given, respectively, by [JEE (Main)-2020] 39. The root mean square speed of molecules of a
given mass of a gas at 27°C and 1 atmosphere
pressure is 200 ms–1. The root mean square speed
7
(1) U  5RT and   of molecules of the gas at 127°C and
5
x
2 atmosphere pressure is ms–1 . The value of
3
5 6 x will be_______. [JEE (Main)-2021]
(2) U  RT and  
2 5
40. A monoatomic gas of mass 4.0 u is kept in an
insulated container. Container is moving with
6 velocity 30 m/s. If container is suddenly stopped
(3) U  5RT and  
5 then change in temperature of the gas (R = gas
x
constant) is . Value of x is __________.
5 7 3R
(4) U  RT and  
2 5
[JEE (Main)-2021]
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

41. Given below are two statements : 45. Two ideal polyatomic gases at temperatures T1
Statement I : In a diatomic molecule, the and T 2 are mixed so that there is no loss of
rotational energy at a given energy. If F1 and F2, m1 and m2, n1 and n2 be the
temperature obeys Maxwell’s degrees of freedom, masses, number of molecules
distribution. of the first and second gas respectively, the
temperature of mixture of these two gases is:
Statement II : In a diatomic molecule, the [JEE (Main)-2021]
rotational energy at a given
temperature equals the n1F1T1  n2 F2T2
translational kinetic energy for (1) F1  F2
each molecule.
n1T1  n2T2
In the light of the above statements, choose the (2)
correct answer from the options given below: n1  n2

[JEE (Main)-2021] n1F1T1  n2 F2T2

(3) n1  n2
(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are false
(2) Statement I is false but Statement II is true n1F1T1  n2 F2T2
(4) n1F1  n2F2
(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false
(4) Both Statement I and Statement II are true 46. A polyatomic ideal gas has 24 vibrational modes.
What is the value of g? [JEE (Main)-2021]
42. A container is divided into two chambers by a
partition. The volume of first chamber is (1) 1.30 (2) 10.3
4.5 litre and second chamber is 5.5 litre. The first (3) 1.37 (4) 1.03
chamber contain 3.0 moles of gas at pressure 2.0 47. If one mole of the polyatomic gas is having two
atm and second chamber contain 4.0 moles of gas vibrational modes and b is the ratio of molar
at pressure 3.0 atm. After the partition is removed  CP 
and the mixture attains equilibrium, then, the specific heats for polyatomic gas    C  then
common equilibrium pressure existing in the  V 
mixture is x × 10 –1 atm. Value of x is the value of b is: [JEE (Main)-2021]
__________. [JEE (Main)-2021] (1) 1.35 (2) 1.2
(3) 1.25 (4) 1.02
43. The volume V of an enclosure contains a mixture
48. What will be the average value of energy along one
of three gases, 16 g of oxygen, 28 g of nitrogen
degree of freedom for an ideal gas in thermal
and 44 g of carbon dioxide at absolute temperature
equilibrium at a temperature T? (kB is Boltzmann
T. Consider R as universal gas constant. The
constant) [JEE (Main)-2021]
pressure of the mixture of gases is :
[JEE (Main)-2021] 3 1
(1) kBT (2) kBT
2 2
88RT 4RT
(1) (2) 2
V V (3) k B T (4) kBT
3
3RT 5 RT 49. Consider a sample of oxygen behaving like an
(3) (4) ideal gas. At 300 K, the ratio of root mean square
V 2 V
(rms) velocity to the average velocity of gas
44. Calculate the value of mean free path (l) for oxygen molecule would be :
molecules at temperature 27°C and pressure 1.01
× 105 Pa. Assume the molecular diameter 0.3 nm (Molecular weight of oxygen is 32 g/mol;
and the gas is ideal. (k = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1) R = 8.3 J K–1 mol–1) [JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 86 nm 8 3
(1) (2)
3 3
(2) 32 nm
(3) 58 nm 8 3
(3) (4)
(4) 102 nm 3 8
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

50. Consider a mixture of gas molecule of types A, B 56. A cylindrical container of volume 4.0 × 10–3 m 3
and C having masses mA < mB < mC. The ratio of contains one mole of hydrogen and two moles of
their root mean square speeds at normal carbon dioxide. Assume the temperature of the
temperature and pressure is : [JEE (Main)-2021] mixture is 400 K. The pressure of the mixture of
gases is:
1 1 1
(1) v  v  v (2) vA = vB ¹ vC [Take gas constant as 8.3 J mol–1 K–1]
A B C
[JEE (Main)-2021]
1 1 1
(3) vA = vB = vC = 0 (4) v  v  v (1) 24.9 × 103 Pa
A B C
(2) 24.9 × 105 Pa
51. The correct relation between the degrees of freedom
f and the ratio of specific heat g is (3) 24.9 Pa
[JEE (Main)-2021] (4) 249 × 101 Pa
57. A balloon carries a total load of 185 kg at normal
1 2
(1) f  (2) f  pressure and temperature of 27°C. What load will
 1  1
the balloon carry on rising to a height at which the
barometric pressure is 45 cm of Hg and the
2  1 temperature is –7°C. Assuming the volume
(3) f  (4) f 
 1 2 constant? [JEE (Main)-2021]
52. What will be the average value of energy for a (1) 214.15 kg
monoatomic gas in thermal equilibrium at (2) 181.46 kg
temperature T? [JEE (Main)-2021]
(3) 219.07 kg
3 (4) 123.54 kg
(1) kBT (2) kBT
2
58. An ideal gas is expanding such that PT 3 =
2 1 constant. The coefficient of volume expansion of the
(3) kBT (4) kBT gas is: [JEE (Main)-2021]
3 2
53. A system consists of two types of gas molecules 4 3
(1) (2)
A and B having same number density 2 × 1025/m3. T T
The diameter of A and B are 10 Å and 5 Å
respectively. They suffer collision at room 1 2
(3) (4)
temperature. The ratio of average distance covered T T
by the molecule A to that of B between two
59. If the rms speed of oxygen molecules at 0°C is
successive collision is_____ × 10–2
160 m/s, find the rms speed of the hydrogen
[JEE (Main)-2021] molecules at 0°C. [JEE (Main)-2021]
54. A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen has volume (1) 40 m/s
500 cm3, temperature 300 K, pressure 400 kPa (2) 80 m/s
and mass 0.76 g. The ratio of masses of oxygen
(3) 640 m/s
to hydrogen will be: [JEE (Main)-2021]
(4) 332 m/s
(1) 3 : 16 (2) 16 : 3
60. For an ideal gas the instantaneous change in
(3) 3 : 8 (4) 8 : 3 pressure ‘p’ with volume ‘v’ is given by the equation
55. The rms speeds of the molecules of hydrogen, dp
oxygen and carbondioxide at the same  ap . If p = p 0 at v = 0 is the given
dv
temperature are VH, VO and VC respectively then:
boundary condition, then the maximum temperature
[JEE (Main)-2021] one mole of gas can attain is:
(1) VH = VO > VC (2) VH = VO = VC (Here R is the gas constant)
(3) VC > VO > VH (4) VH > VO > VC [JEE (Main)-2021]
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

ap0 65. According to kinetic theory of gases,

(1) Infinity (2) eR A. The motion of the gas molecules freezes at 0°C
B. The mean free path of gas molecules decreases
p0 if the density of molecules is increased.
(3) 0°C (4) aeR
C. The mean free path of gas molecules increases
61. 0.056 kg of Nitrogen is enclosed in a vessel at a if temperature is increased keeping pressure
temperature of 127°C. The amount of heat required constant.
to double the speed of its molecules is ___ k cal. D. Average kinetic energy per molecule per degree
(Take R = 2 cal mol K )–1 –1
[JEE (Main)-2022] 3
of freedom is kBT (for monoatomic gases).
62. The relation between root mean square speed 2
(vrms) and most probable speed (vp) for the molar Choose the most appropriate answer from the options
mass M of oxygen gas molecule at the temperature given below: [JEE (Main)-2022]
of 300 K will be [JEE (Main)-2022] (1) A and C only
2 (2) B and C only
(1) v rms  v
(3) A and B only
3 p
(4) C and D only
3
(2) v rms  v 66. What will be the effect on the root mean square
2 p
velocity of oxygen molecules if the temperature is
(3) vrms = vp
doubled and oxygen molecule dissociates into atomic
1 oxygen? [JEE (Main)-2022]
(4) v rms  v
3 p (1) The velocity of atomic oxygen remains same
63. A thermally insulated vessel contains an ideal gas of (2) The velocity of atomic oxygen doubles
molecular mass M and ratio of specific heats 1.4.
(3) The velocity of atomic oxygen becomes half
Vessel is moving with speed  and is suddenly
brought to rest. Assuming no heat is lost to the (4) The velocity of atomic oxygen becomes four
surrounding and vessel temperature of the gas times
increases by 67. A cylinder of fixed capacity of 44.8 litres contains
(R = universal gas constant) [JEE (Main)-2022] helium gas at standard temperature and pressure.
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature
M 2 M 2 of gas in the cylinder by 20.0°C will be
(1) (2)
7R 5R
(Given gas constant R = 8.3 JK–1-mol–1)
M 2 M 2 [JEE (Main)-2022]
(3) 2 (4) 7
7R 5R (1) 249 J
64. A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen has volume 2000 (2) 415 J
cm 3, temperature 300 K, pressure 100 kPa and
(3) 498 J
mass 0.76 g. The ratio of number of moles of
hydrogen to number of moles of oxygen in the (4) 830 J
mixture will be: 68. A vessel contains 16 g of hydrogen and 128 g of
[Take gas constant R = 8.3 JK mol ] –1 –1
oxygen at standard temperature and pressure. The
[JEE (Main)-2022] volume of the vessel in cm3 is:

1 3 [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) (2)
3 1
(1) 72 × 105 (2) 32 × 105
1 16
(3) (4)
16 1 (3) 27 × 104 (4) 54 × 104
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69. Sound travels in a mixture of two moles of helium and 72. A vessel contains 14 g of nitrogen gas at a temperature
n moles of hydrogen. If rms speed of gas molecules of 27°C. The amount of heat to be transferred to the
in the mixture is gas to double the r.m.s speed of its molecules will
2 times the speed of sound, then
be: Take R = 8.32 J mol–1 K–1. [JEE (Main)-2022]
the value of n will be [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 2229 J (2) 5616 J
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 9360 J (4) 13,104 J
(3) 3 (4) 4

70. Same gas is filled in two vessels of the same volume 73. One mole of a monoatomic gas is mixed with three
at the same temperature. If the ratio of the number of moles of a diatomic gas. The molecular specific heat
molecules is 1 : 4, then
2
A. The r.m.s. velocity of gas molecules in two of mixture at constant volume is R J/mol K; then
4
vessels will be the same. the value of  will be _______.
B. The ratio of pressure in these vessels will be (Assume that the given diatomic gas has no
1 : 4.
vibrational mode). [JEE (Main)-2022]
C. The ratio of pressure will be 1 : 1.
74. The root mean square speed of smoke particles of
D. The r.m.s. velocity of gas molecules in two mass 5 × 10–17 kg in their Brownian motion in air at
vessels will be in the ratio of 1 : 4. NTP is approximately. [Given k = 1.38 × 10–23 JK–1]
Choose the correct answer from the options given
[JEE (Main)-2022]
below [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) 60 mm s–1
(1) A and C only
(2) 12 mm s–1
(2) B and D only
(3) 15 mm s–1
(3) A and B only
(4) 36 mm s–1
(4) C and D only
75. A flask contains argon and oxygen in the ratio of
71. Given below are two statements :
3 : 2 in mass and the mixture is kept at 27°C. The
Statement I : The average momentum of a molecule ratio of their average kinetic energy per molecule
in a sample of an ideal gas depends on temperature. respectively will be [JEE (Main)-2022]

Statement II : The rms speed of oxygen molecules (1) 3 : 2 (2) 9 : 4

in a gas is v. If the temperature is doubled and the
(3) 2 : 3 (4) 1 : 1
oxygen molecules dissociate into oxygen atoms,
the rms speed will become 2v. 76. A gas has n degrees of freedom. The ratio of specific
heat of gas at constant volume to the specific heat
In the light of the above statements, choose the
correct answer from the options given below: of gas at constant pressure will be

[JEE (Main)-2022] [JEE (Main)-2022]

(1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true n n2

(1) (2)
(2) Both Statement I and Statement II are false n2 n

(3) Statement I is true but Statement II is false n n

(3) (4)
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true 2n  2 n2


Chapter 13

Thermodynamics
Directions : Question numbers 1, 2 and 3 are based on T P
(1) P, (2) ,T
the following paragraph 2 2
Two moles of helium gas are taken over the cycle P T
(3) , (4) P, T
ABCDA, as shown in the P-T diagram [AIEEE-2009] 2 2
6. The specific heat capacity of a metal at low
temperature (T) is given as
5 A B 3
2 × 10  T 
Cp (kJK 1kg1)  32  
P(Pa)  400 
A 100 gram vessel of this metal is to be cooled
5
1 × 10 from 20°K to 4°K by a special refrigerator operating
D C
at room temperature (27°C). The amount of work
T required to cool the vessel is [AIEEE-2011]
300 K T 500 K
(1) Less than 0.028 kJ
1. Assuming the gas to be ideal the work done on (2) Equal to 0.002 kJ
the gas in taking it from A to B is (3) Greater than 0.148 kJ
(1) 300 R (2) 400 R (4) Between 0.148 kJ and 0.028 kJ
(3) 500 R (4) 200 R 7. Helium gas goes through a cycle ABCDA
2. The work done on the gas in taking it from D to A (consisting of two isochoric and two isobaric lines)
is as shown in figure. Efficiency of this cycle is nearly
(Assume the gas to be close to ideal gas)
(1) +414R (2) –690R [AIEEE-2012]
(3) +690R (4) –414R
B C
3. The net work done on the gas in the cycle ABCDA 2P0
is
(1) 276R (2) 1076R P0 D
A
(3) 1904R (4) Zero
4. A diatomic ideal gas is used in a Carnot engine as V0 2V0
the working substance. If during the adiabatic
(1) 9.1% (2) 10.5%
expansion part of the cycle the volume of the gas
increases from V to 32 V, the efficiency of the (3) 12.5% (4) 15.4%
engine is [AIEEE-2010] 8. A Carnot engine, whose efficiency is 40%, takes in
heat from a source maintained at a temperature of
(1) 0.25 (2) 0.5
500 K. It is desired to have an engine of efficiency
(3) 0.75 (4) 0.99 60%. Then, the intake temperature for the same
5. A container with insulating walls is divided into two exhaust (sink) temperature most be [AIEEE-2012]
equal parts by a partition fitted with a valve. One (1) 1200 K
part is filled with an ideal gas at a pressure P and (2) 750 K
temperature T, whereas the other part is
(3) 600 K
completely evacuated. If the valve is suddenly
opened, the pressure and temperature of the gas (4) Efficiency of Carnot engine cannot be made
will be [AIEEE-2011] larger than 50%
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

9. p (3) The change in internal energy in the process

AB is –350R
2p0
(4) The change in internal energy in the process
BC is – 500R
p0
12. Consider a spherical shell of radius R at
temperature T. The black body radiation inside it
can be considered as an ideal gas of photons with
v0 2v0 v
U
The above p-v diagram represents the internal energy per unit volume u   T 4 and
thermodynamic cycle of an engine, operating with V
an ideal monoatomic gas. The amount of heat, 1U 
extracted from the source in a single cycle is pressure P    . If the shell now undergoes an
3 V 
[JEE (Main)-2013]
adiabatic expansion the relation between T and R
 13  is [JEE (Main)-2015]
(1) p0v0 (2)   p0v 0
 2  (1) T µ e–R (2) T µ e–3R

 11  1
(3)   p0v 0 (4) 4p0v0 (3) T  1 (4) T 
2 R R3

10. An ideal gas enclosed in a vertical cylindrical 13. n moles of an ideal gas undergoes a process
container supports a freely moving piston of mass A ® B as shown in the figure. The maximum
M. The piston and the cylinder have equal cross temperature of the gas during the process will be
sectional area A. When the piston is in equilibrium, [JEE (Main)-2016]
the volume of the gas is V0 and its pressure is P0. P
The piston is slightly displaced from the equilibrium
position and released. Assuming that the system 2P0 A
is completely isolated from its surrounding, the
piston executes a simple harmonic motion with
P0 B
frequency [JEE (Main)-2013]

1 AP0 1 V0MP0 V
(1) 2 V M (2) 2 A 2  V0 2V0
0

3P0V0 9P0V0
1 A2 P0 1 MV0 (1) (2)
(3) (4) 2nR 2nR
2 MV0 2 AP0
9P0V0 9P0V0
11. One mole of diatomic ideal gas undergoes a cyclic (3) (4)
process ABC as shown in figure. The process BC nR 4nR
is adiabatic. The temperatures at A, B and C are 14. An ideal gas undergoes a quasi-static, reversible
400 K, 800 K and 600 K respectively. Choose the process in which its molar heat capacity C
correct statement. [JEE (Main)-2014] remains constant. If during this process the
B relation of pressure P and volume V is given by
800 K PVn = constant, then n is given by (Here Cp and
Cv are molar specific heat at constant pressure
P and constant volume, respectively)
600 K [JEE (Main)-2016]
A C
400 K
V C  Cp Cp  C
(1) n  (2) n 
(1) The change in internal energy in whole cyclic C  Cv C  Cv
process is 250R
(2) The change in internal energy in the process C  Cv Cp
CA is 700R (3) n  C  C (4) n 
p Cv
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

15. Cp and Cv are specific heats at constant pressure 19. Three Carnot engines operate in series between a
and constant volume respectively. It is observed heat source at a temperature T1 and a heat sink
that at temperature T4 (see figure). There are two other
reservoirs at temperature T2 and T3, as shown,
Cp – Cv = a for hydrogen gas
with T1 > T2 > T3 > T4. The three engines are
Cp – Cv = b for nitrogen gas equally efficient if [JEE (Main)-2019]
The correct relation between a and b is
T1
[JEE (Main)-2017]
1
1
(1) a  b (2) a = b T2
14
2
(3) a = 14b (4) a = 28b
16. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupies T3
a volume V at 27°C. The gas expands adiabatically 3
to a volume 2 V. Calculate (a) the final temperature
of the gas and (b) change in its internal energy. T4
[JEE (Main)-2018]
2 1/3 2 1/3
(1) (a) 189 K (b) 2.7 kJ (1) T2  (T1T4 ) ; T3  (T1 T4 )
(2) (a) 195 K (b) –2.7 kJ
(2) T2  (T13T4 )1/4 ; T3  (T1T43 )1/4
(3) (a) 189 K (b) –2.7 kJ
(4) (a) 195 K (b) 2.7 kJ (3) T2  (T1T4 )1/2 ; T3  (T12T4 )1/3

17. A gas can be taken from A and B via two different

(4) T2  (T12T4 )1/3 ; T3  (T1T42 )1/3
processes ACB and ADB.
P 20. A heat source at T = 10 3 K is connected to
C B another heat reservoir at T = 102 K by a copper
slab which is 1 m thick. Given that the thermal
conductivity of copper is 0.1 WK–1m–1, the energy
flux through it in the steady state is
[JEE (Main)-2019]
A D
V (1) 200 Wm–2 (2) 65 Wm–2
When path ACB is used 60 J of heat flows into the (3) 120 Wm–2 (4) 90 Wm–2
system and 30 J of work is done by the system.
If path ADB is used work done by the system is 21. Half mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is heated at
10 J. The heat Flow into the system in path ADB constant pressure of 1 atm from 20°C to 90°C.
is [JEE (Main)-2019] Work done by gas is close to [JEE (Main)-2019]

(1) 100 J (2) 80 J (Gas constant R = 8.31 J/mol K)

(3) 20 J (4) 40 J (1) 291 J (2) 581 J

18. Two Carnot engines A and B are operated in series. (3) 146 J (4) 73 J
The first one, A, receives heat at T1(=600 K) and 22. A rigid diatomic ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic
rejects to a reservoir at temperature T 2. The process at room temperature. The relation between
second engine B receives heat rejected by the first temperature and volume for this process is
engine and, in turn, rejects to a heat reservoir at TVx = constant, then x is [JEE (Main)-2019]
T3 (= 400 K). Calculate the temperature T2 if the
work outputs of the two engines are equal 2 2
(1) (2)
[JEE (Main)-2019] 5 3
(1) 300 K (2) 400 K 5 3
(3) (4)
(3) 600 K (4) 500 K 3 5
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

23. In a process, temperature and volume of one mole (Latent heat of vaporization of water =
of an ideal monoatomic gas are varied according 2.10 × 106 J kg–1 and Latent heat of Fusion of
to the relation VT = K, where K is a constant. In water = 3.36 × 105 J kg–1) [JEE (Main)-2019]
this process, the temperature of the gas is
(1) 130 g
increased by DT. The amount of heat absorbed by
gas is (R is gas constant) [JEE (Main)-2019] (2) 150 g
(3) 20 g
3 1
(1) R T (2) R T (4) 35 g
2 2
27. The given diagram shows four processes i.e.,
2K 1 isochoric, isobaric, isothermal and adiabatic. The
(3) T (4) KR T correct assignment of the processes, in the same
3 2
order is given by : [JEE (Main)-2019]
24. For the given cyclic process CAB as shown for a
gas, the work done is [JEE (Main)-2019] a
P b
C A c
6.0
d
5 V
p (Pa) 4 (1) a d c b
3
(2) a d b c
2
(3) d a b c
1 B
(4) d a c b

1 2 3 4 5 28. Following figure shows two processes A and B for

V (m3) a gas. If DQA and DQB are the amount of heat
absorbed by the system in two cases, and DUA
(1) 30 J (2) 10 J and DU B are changes in internal energies,
respectively, then [JEE (Main)-2019]
(3) 5 J (4) 1 J
25. A vertical closed cylinder is separated into two
parts by a frictionless piston of mass m and of f
negligible thickness. The piston is free to move A
along the length of the cylinder. The length of the B
cylinder above the piston is I1, and that below the i
piston is I2, such that I1 > I2. Each part of the
cylinder contains n moles of an ideal gas at equal
temperature T. If the piston is stationary, its mass, (1) DQA > DQB, DUA = DUB
m will be given by [JEE (Main)-2019] (2) DQA = DQB; DUA = DUB
(R is universal gas constant and g is the (3) DQA > DQB, DUA > DUB
acceleration due to gravity)
(4) DQA < DQB, DUA < DUB

nRT  I1 – I2  nRT  1 1 29. n moles of an ideal gas with constant volume heat
(1)   (2)    capacity CV undergo an isobaric expansion by
g  I1 I2  g  I2 I1  certain volume. The ratio of the work done in the
process, to the heat supplied is :
RT  2I1  I2  RT  I1 – 3I 2  [JEE (Main)-2019]
(3)   (4)  
g  I1 I2  ng  I1 I 2 
4R R
26. A thermally insulated vessel contains 150 g of (1) (2) CV  R
CV  R
water at 0°C. Then the air from the vessel is
pumped out adiabatically. A fraction of water turns R
4R
into ice and the rest evaporates at 0°C itself. The (3) (4)
CV  R CV  R
mass of evaporated water will be closest to
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

30. One mole of an ideal gas passes through a 34. A diatomic gas with rigid molecules does 10 J of
process where pressure and volume obey the work when expanded at constant pressure. What
would be the heat energy absorbed by the gas, in
 1  V 2 
0 this process? [JEE (Main)-2019]
relation P  P 0 1     . Here P0 and V0 are
 2 V
   (1) 30 J
constants. Calculate the change in the temperature (2) 35 J
of the gas if its volume changes from V0 to 2V0.
(3) 25 J
[JEE (Main)-2019]
(4) 40 J
1 P0V0 5 P0V0 35. A litre of dry air at STP expands adiabatically to a
(1) (2)
4 R 4 R volume of 3 litres. If g = 1.40, the work done by air
is (31.4 = 4.6555) [Take air to be an ideal gas]
1 P0V0 3 P0V0
(3) (4) [JEE (Main)-2020]
2 R 4 R
31. When heat Q is supplied to a diatomic gas of rigid (1) 90.5 J
molecules, at constant volume its temperature (2) 60.7 J
increases by DT. The heat required to produce the
same change in temperature, at a constant (3) 48 J
pressure is: [JEE (Main)-2019] (4) 100.8 J

3 2 36. Two ideal Carnot engines operate in cascade (all

(1) Q (2) Q heat given up by one engine is used by the other
2 3
engine to produce work) between temperatures, T1
7 5 and T2. The temperature of the hot reservoir of the
(3) Q (4) Q first engine is T1 and the temperature of the cold
5 3
reservoir of the second engine is T 2 . T is
32. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the temperature of the sink of first engine which is also
cyclic process abca as shown in the figure. The the source for the second engine. How is T related
change in the internal energy of the gas along the to T1 and T2, if both the engines perform equal
path ca is –180 J. The gas absorbs 250 J of heat amount of work? [JEE (Main)-2020]
along the path ab and 60 J along the path bc. The
work done by the gas along the path abc is : T1  T2
(1) T 
[JEE (Main)-2019] 2

c (2) T  T1T2
P
2T1T2
a b (3) T  T  T
1 2

V (4) T = 0
(1) 130 J (2) 100 J 37. Under an adiabatic process, the volume of an ideal
(3) 140 J (4) 120 J gas gets doubled. Consequently the mean collision
time between the gas molecule changes from t1 to
1
33. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of . When the CP
6 t2. If   for this gas then a good estimate for
Cv
temperature of the sink is reduced by 62°C, its
efficiency is doubled. The temperatures of the 2
is given by [JEE (Main)-2020]
source and the sink are, respectively, 1
[JEE (Main)-2019] 1 
 1
(1) 99°C, 37°C (1)  2  2 (2)  
2
(2) 37°C, 99°C
(3) 124°C, 62°C 1
(3) 2 (4)
(4) 62°C, 124°C 2
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

38. A thermodynamic cycle xyzx is shown on a 1

V-T diagram
P

3 2
V

The P-V diagram that best describes this cycle is V

(Diagrams are shcematic and not to scale) (1)
3 1
[JEE (Main)-2020]
T

3 2
(1) V
(2)
1
T

2
(2)

V
(3)
3 1
T

(3)

V
(4)
(4) 3 1
T

41. A heat engine is involved with exchange of heat of

1
39. A Carnot engine having an efficiency of is being 1915 J, – 40J, + 125 J and –Q J, during one cycle
10 achieving an efficiency of 50.0%. The value of Q is
used as a refrigerator. If the work done on the
[JEE (Main)-2020]
refrigerator is 10 J, the amount of heat absorbed
from the reservoir at lower temperature is (1) 980 J (2) 40 J
[JEE (Main)-2020] (3) 400 J (4) 640 J
(1) 90 J (2) 1 J 42. A balloon filled with helium (32°C and 1.7 atm.)
bursts. Immediately afterwards the expansion of
(3) 99 J (4) 100 J
helium can be considered as [JEE (Main)-2020]
40. Which of the following is an equivalent cyclic (1) Irreversible adiabatic
process corresponding to the thermodynamic
cyclic given in the figure? where, 1 ® 2 is (2) Reversible adiabatic
adiabatic. (Graphs are schematic and are not to (3) Irreversible isothermal
scale) [JEE (Main)-2020]
(4) Reversible isothermal
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

43. Match the thermodynamic processes taking place 47. Starting at temperature 300 K, one mole of an ideal
in a system with the correct conditions. In the diatomic gas (g = 1.4) is first compressed
table : DQ is the heat supplied, DW is the work V1
done and DU is change in internal energy of the adiabatically from volume V1 to V2 = . It is then
16
system [JEE (Main)-2020] allowed to expand isobarically to volume 2V2. If all
Process Condition the processes are the quasi-static then the final
temperature of the gas (in °K) is (to the nearest
(I) Adiabatic (A) DW = 0 integer) _______. [JEE (Main)-2020]
(II) Isothermal (B) DQ = 0 48. An engine takes in 5 moles of air at 20°C and
(III) Isochoric (C) DU ¹ 0, DW ¹ 0, 1 atm, and compresses it adiabatically to
1/10th of the original volume. Assuming air to be a
DQ ¹ 0 diatomic ideal gas made up of rigid molecules, the
(IV) Isobaric (C) DU = 0 change in its internal energy during this process
comes out to be X kJ. The value of X to the
(1) (I) – (A), (II) – (A), (III) – (B), (IV) – (C) nearest integer is________. [JEE (Main)-2020]
(2) (I) – (B), (II) – (D), (III) – (A), (IV) – (C) 49. If minimum possible work is done by a refrigerator
(3) (I) – (A), (II) – (B), (III) – (D), (IV) – (D) in converting 100 grams of water at 0°C to ice,
how much heat (in calories) is released to the
(4) (I) – (B), (II) – (A), (III) – (D), (IV) – (C) surroundings at temperature 27°C (Latent heat of
44. Three different processes that can occur in an ideal ice = 80 Cal/gram) to the nearest integer ?
monoatomic gas are shown in the P vs V diagram. [JEE (Main)-2020]
The paths are labelled as A ® B, A ® C and
A ® D. The change in internal energies during 50. The change in the magnitude of the volume of an
these process are taken as EAB, EAC and EAD and ideal gas when a small additional pressure DP is
the work done as WAB, WAC and WAD. The correct applied at a constant temperature, is the same as
relation between these parameters are the change when the temperature is reduced by a
[JEE (Main)-2020] small quantity DT at constant pressure. The initial
temperature and pressure of the gas were 300 K
D and 2 atm. respectively. If |DT| = C|DP| then value
C T1 > T2 of C in (K/atm.) is ______. [JEE (Main)-2020]
P B
A 51. An engine operates by taking a monatomic ideal
T1 gas through the cycle shown in the figure. The
T2
percentage efficiency of the engine is close
V to ________. [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) EAB < EAC < EAD, WAB > 0, WAC > WAD
(2) EAB = EAC = EAD, WAB > 0, WAC = 0, WAD < 0
(3) EAB > EAC > EAD, WAB < WAC < WAD 3 P0 B C
(4) EAB = EAC < EAD, WAB > 0, WAC = 0, WAD < 0
2 P0
45. In an adiabatic process, the density of a diatomic
gas becomes 32 times its initial value. The final P0
pressure of the gas is found to be n times the initial A D
pressure. The value of n is [JEE (Main)-2020]
(1) 128 V0 2 V0
(2) 32 52. n mole of a perfect gas undergoes a cyclic process
1 ABCA (see figure) consisting of the following
(3) processes. [JEE (Main)-2021]
32
(4) 326 A  B : Isothermal expansion at temperature T so
that the volume is doubled from V1 to
46. A Carnot engine operates between two reservoirs of
temperatures 900 K and 300 K. The engine V2 = 2V 1 and pressure changes from
performs 1200 J of work per cycle. The heat energy P1 to P2.
(in J) delivered by the engine to the low temperature B  C : Isobaric compression at pressure P2
reservoir, in a cycle, is _________ . to initial volume V1.
[JEE (Main)-2020]
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

C  A : Isochoric change leading to change of

pressure from P2 to P1. P
A
P1
Total workdone in the complete cycle ABCA is:
P1 B
P 2

A P1
P1 C
4

V
V1 2V1
P2 B
C
RT  1 
(1) – (2) RT  ln2– 
2   -1  2( –1) 

(3) 0 (4) RTln2

V1 V2 = 2V 1 V
(1) 0 7 5
55. A diatomic gas, having CP = R and CV = R, is
2 2
 1 heated at constant pressure. The ratio
(2) nRT  In 2+ 
 2  dU : dQ : dW : [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 5 : 7 : 2
 1
(3) nRT  In 2–  (2) 3 : 5 : 2
 2
(3) 3 : 7 : 2
(4) nRTIn 2
(4) 5 : 7 : 3
53. Match List-I with List-II [JEE (Main)-2021]
56. In a certain thermodynamical process, the
List-I List-II
pressure of a gas depends on its volume as kV3.
(a) Isothermal (i) Pressure constant The work done when the temperature changes from
(b) Isochoric (ii) Temperature 100°C to 300°C will be ______nR, where n denotes
constant number of moles of a gas. [JEE (Main)-2021]
(c) Adiabatic (iii) Volume constant 57. Thermodynamic process is shown below on a
(d) Isobaric (iv) Heat content is P-V diagram for one mole of an ideal gas. If
constant V2 = 2V1 then the ratio of temperature T2/T1 is

Choose the correct answer from the options given [JEE (Main)-2021]
below :
(1) (a) ® (iii), (b) ® (ii), (c) ® (i), (d) ® (iv)
P 1(P1, V1, T1)
(2) (a) ® (ii), (b) ® (iv), (c) ® (iii), (d) ® (i) 1
2
PV = constant
(3) (a) ® (ii), (b) ® (iii), (c) ® (iv), (d) ® (i)
(4) (a) ® (i), (b) ® (iii), (c) ® (ii), (d) ® (iv)
2(P2, V2 , T2)
54. If one mole of an ideal gas at (P1, V1) is allowed
to expand reversibly and isothermally (A to B) its
pressure is reduced to one-half of the original
pressure (see figure). This is followed by a V1 V2 V
constant volume cooling till its pressure is reduced
to one-fourth of the initial value
(B ® C). Then it is restored to its initial state by (1) 2 (2) 2
a reversible adiabatic compression (C to A). The
net work done by the gas is equal to: 1 1
(3) (4)
[JEE (Main)-2021] 2 2
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

58. A reversible heat engine converts one-fourth of the 64. Which one is the correct option for the two different
heat input into work. When the temperature of the thermodynamic processes? [JEE (Main)-2021]
sink is reduced by 52 K, its efficiency is doubled.
The temperature in Kelvin of the source will be isothermal
adiabatic
________. [JEE (Main)-2021] P P
isothermal
59. The internal energy (U), pressure (P) and volume (a) (b)
(V) of an ideal gas are related as adiabatic

U = 3PV + 4. The gas is [JEE (Main)-2021] V T

(1) Diatomic only

isothermal
(2) Either monoatomic or diatomic isothermal
V P
(3) Polyatomic only adiabatic
adiabatic
(c) (d)
(4) Monoatomic only
T T
Q
60. 1 mole of rigid diatomic gas performs a work of
5 (1) (c) and (d) (2) (a) only
when heat Q is supplied to it. The molar heat
capacity of the gas during this transformation is (3) (c) and (a) (4) (b) and (c)
xR 65. The P-V diagram of a diatomic ideal gas system
. The value of x is____.
8 going under cyclic process as shown in figure. The
[R = universal gas constant] work done during an adiabatic process CD is
(Use g = 1.4): [JEE (Main)-2021]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
61. The volume V of a given mass of monoatomic gas
changes with temperature T according to the 200 N/m2 A D
2
2
relation V = KT 3 . The work done when 100 N/m
B C
temperature changes by 90 K will be xR. The P
value of x is ____.
[R = universal gas constant]
[JEE (Main)-2021]
62. In thermodynamics, heat and work are:
1 3 4
[JEE (Main)-2021] 3
V (m )
(1) Point functions
(2) Extensive thermodynamic state variables (1) – 500 J (2) 200 J
(3) Path functions (3) – 400 J (4) 400 J
(4) Intensive thermodynamic state variables 66. For an adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas, the
63. A Carnot’s engine working between 400 K and fractional change in its pressure is equal to (where
800 K has a work output of 1200 J per cycle. The g is the ratio of specific heats) :
amount of heat energy supplied to the engine from
[JEE (Main)-2021]
the source in each cycle is: [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) 1800 J V dV
(1) –  (2) – 
(2) 3200 J dV V

(3) 1600 J
1 dV dV
(4) 2400 J (3) – (4)
 V V
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

67. An ideal gas in a cylinder is separated by a piston 71. A monoatomic ideal gas, initially at temperature T1
in such a way that the entropy of one part is S1 is enclosed in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless
and that of the other part is S 2 . Given that piston. The gas is allowed to expand adiabatically
to a temperature T 2 by releasing the piston
S1 > S2. If the piston is removed, then the total
suddenly. If l1 and l2 are the lengths of the gas
entropy of the system will be: [JEE (Main)-2021] column, before and after the expansion
(1) S1 – S2 T1
respectively, then the value of T will be
(2) S1 × S2 2

[JEE (Main)-2021]
S1
(3) S l2 l1
2
(1) l (2) l
1 2
(4) S1 + S2
2 2
68. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature
 l 3  l 3
of 4 moles of a rigid diatomic gas from 0°C to 50°C (3)  2  (4)  1 
 l1   l2 
when no work is done is _______. (R is the
universal gas constant) [JEE (Main)-2021] 72. For a gas CP – CV = R in a state P and CP – CV
= 1.10 R in a state Q, T P and T Q are the
(1) 750 R temperatures in two different states P and Q
(2) 500 R respectively, then [JEE (Main)-2021]
(1) TP < TQ (2) TP > TQ
(3) 250 R
(3) TP = TQ (4) TP = 0.9 TQ
(4) 175 R
1
69. In the reported figure, heat energy absorbed by a 73. A heat engine has an efficiency of . When the
6
system in going through a cyclic process is temperature of sink is reduced by 62°C, its
__________ pJ. [JEE (Main)-2021] efficiency gets doubled. The temperature of the
source is [JEE (Main)-2021]
P(kPa) (1) 37°C (2) 99°C
(3) 124°C (4) 62°C
40
74. One mole of an ideal gas is taken through an
adiabatic process where the temperature rises from
20 27°C to 37°C. If the ideal gas is composed of
polyatomic molecule that has 4 vibrational modes,
which of the following is true?
20 40 [R = 8.314 J mol–1 K–1] [JEE (Main)-2021]
litre
(1) Work done by the gas is close to 332 J
70. One mole of an ideal gas at 27°C is taken from (2) Work done on the gas is close to 332 J
A to B as shown in the given PV indicator (3) Work done by the gas is close to 582 J
diagram. The work done by the system will be
______ × 10–1 J. (4) Work done on the gas is close to 582 J
75. Two Carnot engines A and B operate in series
[Given : R = 8.3 J / mole K, ln2 = 0.6931] (Round
such that engine A absorbs heat at T1 and rejects
off to the nearest integer) [JEE (Main)-2021]
heat to a sink at temperature T. Engine B absorbs
half of the heat rejected by Engine A and rejects
heat to the sink at T3. When work done in both the
A(P1V1) cases is equal, the value of T is
200
(P(N/m )

[JEE (Main)-2021]
2

100 B(P2V2) 2 1 1 2
(1) T1  T3 (2) T1  T3
3 3 3 3

2 4 3 3 1 2 3
(3) T1  T3 (4) T1  T3
V(m ) 2 3 3 2
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

76. An electric appliance supplies 600 J/min heat to 82. A Carnot engine whose heat sinks at 27°C, has an
the system. If the system delivers a power of 90 efficiency of 25%. By how many degrees should the
W. How long it would take to increase the internal temperature of the source be changed to increase
energy by 2.5 × 103 J? [JEE (Main)-2021]
the efficiency by 100% of the original efficiency?

(1) 2.5 × 102 s (2) 2.4 × 103 s [JEE (Main)-2022]

(3) 4.1 × 101 s (4) 2.5 × 101 s (1) Increases by 18°C

77. A refrigerator consumes an average 35 W power to (2) Increases by 200°C

operate between temperature –10°C to 25°C. (3) Increases by 120°C
If there is no loss of energy then how much
(4) Increases by 73°C
average heat per second does it transfer?
[JEE (Main)-2021] Q
83. A monoatomic gas performs a work of where Q is
4
(1) 263 J/s (2) 350 J/s
the heat supplied to it. The molar heat capacity of the
(3) 298 J/s (4) 35 J/s gas will be ____ R during this transformation. Where
78. A heat engine operates between a cold reservoir at R is the gas constant. [JEE (Main)-2022]
temperature T 2 = 400 K and a hot reservoir at
84. A steam engine intakes 50 g of steam at 100°C per
temperature T1. It takes 300 J of heat from the hot
reservoir and delivers 240 J of heat to the cold minute and cools it down to 20°C. If latent heat of
reservoir in a cycle. The minimum temperature of
vaporization of steam is 540 cal g–1, then the heat
the hot reservoir has to be _______ K.
rejected by the steam engine per minute is
[JEE (Main)-2021]
___ × 103 cal.
1
79. A reversible engine has an efficiency of . If the (Given : specific heat capacity of water : 1 cal
4
temperature of the sink is reduced by 58°C, its g–1 °C–1) [JEE (Main)-2022]
efficiency becomes double. Calculate the
temperature of the sink: [JEE (Main)-2021]  Cp 
85. The ratio of specific heats   in terms of
(1) 382 K  Cv 
(2) 280 K degree of freedom (f) is given by:

(3) 174 K [JEE (Main)-2022]

(4) 180.4 K  f   2
(1)  1   (2) 1  f 
80. A sample of gas with g = 1.5 is taken through an  3  
adiabatic process in which the volume is
 f   1
compressed from 1200 cm 3 to 300 cm 3. If the (3)  1   (4) 1  f 
initial pressure is 200 kPa. The absolute value of  2  
the workdone by the gas in the process = ____ J. 86. When a gas filled in a closed vessel is heated by raising
[JEE (Main)-2021] the temperature by 1ºC, its pressure increases by
81. The temperature of 3.00 mol of an ideal diatomic 0.4%. The initial temperature of the gas is _____ K.
gas is increased by 40.0°C without changing the
[JEE (Main)-2022]
pressure of the gas. The molecules in the gas
rotate but do not oscillate. If the ratio of change in 87. The efficiency of a Carnot’s engine, working between
internal energy of the gas to the amount of steam point and ice point, will be
x (1) 26.81%
workdone by the gas is . Then the value of x
10 (2) 37.81%
(round off to the nearest integer) is _____.
(3) 47.81%
(Given R = 8.31 J mol–1 K–1) [JEE (Main)-2021]
(4) 57.81%
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

88. In a carnot engine, the temperature of reservoir is 92. The total internal energy of two mole monoatomic
527°C and that of sink is 200 K. If the work done by ideal gas at temperature T = 300 K will be _____ J.
the engine when it transfers heat from reservoir to (Given R = 8.31 J/mol.K) [JEE (Main)-2022]
sink is 12000 kJ, the quantity of heat absorbed by the
engine from reservoir is ___ × 106J. 93. A sample of an ideal gas is taken through the cyclic
process ABCA as shown in figure. It absorbs, 40 J of
[JEE (Main)-2022]
heat during the part AB, no heat during BC and
89. For a perfect gas, two pressures P1 and P2 are shown rejects 60 J of heat during CA. A work of 50 J is done
in figure. The graph shows: [JEE (Main)-2022]
on the gas during the part BC. The internal energy of
the gas at A is 1560 J. The work done by the gas
during the part CA is: [JEE (Main)-2022]

(1) 20 J
(1) P1 > P2
(2) 30 J
(2) P1 < P2
(3) –30 J
(3) P1 = P2
(4) Insufficient data to draw any conclusion (4) –60 J

90. A diatomic gas ( = 1.4) does 400 J of work when it 94. 300 cal. of heat is given to a heat engine and it rejects
is expanded isobarically. The heat given to the gas
225 cal. of heat. If source temperature is 227°C, then
in the process is ________ J. [JEE (Main)-2022]
the temperature of sink will be _______°C.
91. Given below are two statements
Statement-I: When  amount of an ideal gas [JEE (Main)-2022]
undergoes adiabatic change from state (P1, V1, T1) to
state (P 2 , V 2 , T 2 ), then work done is 95. Starting with the same initial conditions, an ideal gas
expands from volume V1 to V2 in three different ways.
R(T2 – T1 ) Cp
W  , where   and R = universal The work done by the gas is W1 if the process is
1–  Cv
purely isothermal, W-2, if the process is purely
gas constant. adiabatic and W3 if the process is purely isobaric.
Statement-II: In the above case, when work is done Then, choose the correct option.
on the gas, the temperature of the gas would rise.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below [JEE (Main)-2022] (1) W1 < W2 < W3
(1) Both statement-I and statement-II are true
(2) W2 < W3 < W1
(2) Both statement-I and statement-II are false
(3) W3 < W1 < W2
(3) Statement-I is true but statement-II is false
(4) Statement-I is false but statement-II is true (4) W2 < W1 < W3
PHYSICS ARCHIVE - JEE (Main)

96. A certain amount of gas of volume V at 27°C

temperature and pressure 2 × 107 Nm–2 expands
isothermally until its volume gets doubled. Later it
expands adiabatically until its volume gets redoubled.
The final pressure of the gas will be (Use,  = 1.5)

[JEE (Main)-2022]

(1) 3.536 × 105 Pa

(2) 3.536 × 106 Pa

(3) 1.25 × 106 Pa

(4) 1.25 × 105 Pa

(1) Same as the 1st case
97. Let 1 is the efficiency of an engine at T1 = 447°C and (2) Always greater than the 1st case
T 2 = 147°C while  2 is the eff iciency at (3) Always less than the 1st case
1 (4) May increase or decrease with respect to the
T1 = 947°C and T2 = 47°C. The ratio  will be
2 1st case
[JEE (Main)-2022] 101. Which statements are correct about degrees of

(1) 0.41 (2) 0.56 freedom? [JEE (Main)-2022]

(A) A molecule with n degrees of freedom has n2

(3) 0.73 (4) 0.70
different ways of storing energy.
98. 7 mol of a certain monoatomic ideal gas undergoes
(B) Each degree of freedom is associated with
a temperature increase of 40 K at constant pressure.
1
The increase in the internal energy of the gas in this RT average energy per mole.
2
process is : (C) A monatomic gas molecule has 1 rotational
(Given R = 8.3 JK mol )
–1 –1 degree of freedom whereas diatomic molecule
has 2 rotational degrees of freedom.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
(D) CH4 has a total of 6 degrees of freedom.
(1) 5810 J (2) 3486 J
Choose the correct answer from the option given
(3) 11620 J (4) 6972 J below:

99. A monoatomic gas at pressure P and volume V is (1) (B) and (C) only
suddenly compressed to one eighth of its original (2) (B) and (D) only
volume. The final pressure at constant entropy will be: (3) (A) and (B) only
[JEE (Main)-2022] (4) (C) and (D) only
102. A Carnot engine has efficiency of 50%. If the
(1) P (2) 8P
temperature of sink is reduced by 40°C, its efficiency
(3) 32P (4) 64P increases by 30%. The temperature of the source will
be: [JEE (Main)-2022]
100. In 1st case, Carnot engine operates between
temperatures 300 K and 100 K. In 2nd case, as shown (1) 166.7 K

in the figure, a combination of two engines is used. (2) 255.1 K

The efficiency of this combination (in 2nd case) will (3) 266.7 K
be: [JEE (Main)-2022] (4) 367.7 K
ARCHIVE - JEE (Main) PHYSICS

103. At a certain temperature, the degrees of freedom per (1) –450 J (2) 450 J
molecule for gas is 8. The gas performs 150 J of work
(3) 900 J (4) 1350 J
when it expands under constant pressure. The amount
of heat absorbed by the gas will be ______ J. 107. A Carnot engine takes 5000 kcal of heat from a
reservoir at 727°C and gives heat to a sink at 127°C.
[JEE (Main)-2022]
The work done by the engine is
104. The pressure P1 and density d1 of diatomic gas
[JEE (Main)-2022]
 7
    changes suddenly to P2 (> P1) and d2
 5 (1) 3 × 106 J
respectively during an adiabatic process. The
temperature of the gas increases and becomes (2) Zero
_____ times of its initial temperature.
(3) 12.6 × 106 J
d2
(Given = 32) [JEE (Main)-2022]
d1 (4) 8.4 × 106 J
105. Match List I with List II.
108. Read the following statements:
List-I List-II
A. When small temperature difference between a
A. Torque I. Nms–1 liquid and its surrounding is doubled, the rate of
B. Stress II. Jkg–1 loss of heat of the liquid becomes twice.
C. Latent Heat III. Nm B. Two bodies P and Q having equal surface areas
D. Power IV Nm–2 are maintained at temperature 10°C and 20°C.
The thermal radiation emitted in a given time by
Choose the correct answer from the options given
P and Q are in the ratio 1 : 1.15.
below: [JEE (Main)-2022]
(1) A-III, B-II, C-I, D-IV (2) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I C. A carnot Engine working between 100 K and 400
K has an efficiency of 75%.
(3) A-IV, B-I, C-III, D-II (4) A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
D. When small temperature difference between a
106. A thermodynamic system is taken from an original
liquid and its surrounding is quadrupled, the rate
state D to an intermediate state E by the linear
of loss of heat of the liquid becomes twice.
process shown in the figure. Its volume is then
reduced to the original volume from E to F by an Choose the correct answer from the options given
isobaric process. The total work done by the gas below [JEE (Main)-2022]
from D to E to F will be [JEE (Main)-2022] (1) A, B, C only

(2) A, B only

(3) A, C only

(4) B, C, D only

109. A heat engine operates with the cold reservoir at

temperature 324 K. The minimum temperature of
the hot reservoir, if the heat engine takes 300 J
heat from the hot reservoir and delivers 180 J heat
to the cold reservoir per cycle, is _____ K.
[JEE (Main)-2022]

