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    Diamagnetic_Materials_Project

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    Diamagnetic_Materials_Project

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    Diamagnetic_Materials_Project

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    vardaansinghgautam

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Physics Project: Diamagnetic Materials

    A diamagnetic (or diamagnetic material) is a type of material that creates an opposing


    magnetic field when exposed to an external magnetic field. Unlike paramagnetic and
    ferromagnetic materials, diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by magnetic fields.

    Key Characteristics of Diamagnetic Materials


     Weak Repulsion from Magnetic Fields: Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by a
    magnetic field. This behavior occurs because the electrons in the atoms of the material
    adjust their orbits in such a way as to create a small magnetic field in the opposite
    direction of the applied external field.
     No Permanent Magnetization: Diamagnetic materials do not retain magnetization when
    the external magnetic field is removed. The induced magnetization in the material is
    very weak and temporary.
     Negative Magnetic Susceptibility: Diamagnetic materials have negative magnetic
    susceptibility (χ), meaning they are repelled by a magnetic field. This is in contrast to
    paramagnetic (positive susceptibility) and ferromagnetic (very high positive
    susceptibility) materials.
     Electron Motion and Induced Magnetic Moment: The diamagnetic effect arises because
    of the orbital motion of electrons. When an external magnetic field is applied, it changes
    the orbits of electrons in the atoms, inducing a tiny magnetic moment that opposes the
    external field. This results in the repulsion.
     Examples of Diamagnetic Materials: Bismuth, Graphite, Copper, Silver, Water, Gold, Most
    organic compounds (such as plastics and wood).
     Temperature Dependence: Diamagnetic behavior is generally not temperature-
    dependent to a significant degree. The effect is typically the same at all temperatures.
     Magnetization and Magnetic Field: The induced magnetization (M) in a diamagnetic
    material is proportional to the external magnetic field (B), but it is opposite in direction.
    The relationship can be written as: M = -χB.

    Key Points
     Weak Repulsion: Diamagnetic materials are weakly repelled by a magnetic field, in
    contrast to the attraction seen in paramagnetic or ferromagnetic materials.
     Induced Magnetic Moment: The repulsion occurs due to the induced magnetic moment
    that opposes the applied field.
     Not Magnetic in Nature: Diamagnetic materials do not have permanent magnetic
    properties.

    Applications of Diamagnetic Materials


     Magnetic Levitation: Diamagnetic materials can be used in applications where levitation
    is desired. For example, graphite and bismuth have been used in demonstrations of
    magnetic levitation.
     Magnetic Shielding: Diamagnetic materials are sometimes used in shielding applications
    to reduce the effects of magnetic fields, though ferromagnetic materials are more
    commonly used for this purpose.
     Medical Applications: In some experimental techniques, diamagnetic materials may be
    used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to manipulate the fields in specific ways.

    Summary
    Diamagnetic materials are unique in that they are weakly repelled by external magnetic
    fields due to the induced opposing magnetic moment within the material. This makes them
    fundamentally different from paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, which are
    attracted to magnetic fields. Despite their weak effect, diamagnetism is an important
    property, especially in certain scientific and technological applications.

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