CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

1. Động từ (lùi 1. Hiện tại đơn 1. Qúa khứ đơn
thì) Ex: He said, “I goes to school by bike” Ex: He said he went to school.
2. Qúa khứ đơn/ Hiện tại đơn 2. Qúa khứ hoàn thành
Ex: She said, “I have found a book” Ex: She said she had found a book.
3. Hiện tại tiếp diễn 3. Qúa khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: “I am cooking now”, she said Ex: She said she was cooking then.
4. Qúa khứ tiếp diễn 4. Qúa khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Ex: “I was cooking”, she said Ex: She said she had been cooking.
5. Will/Shall 5. Would/Should
Ex: She said, “I will buy a car” Ex: She said she would buy a car
6. Is going to 6. Was going to
7. Can 7. Could
8. May 8. Might
9. Must 9. Had to
2. Trạng từ +) Today => That day
chỉ thời gian +) Tonight => That night
+) Yesterday => The previous day, the day before
+) Tomorrow => The next day, the following day
+) The day after tomorrow => in two days’time
+) Next week/ year => The following week/year
+) Last week/ year => The previous week/ year, the week/
year before
+) a year... ago => a year...before/ the previous year
+) In some months => Some months later
+) ago => before
+) Now => then
3. Đại từ sở +) Mine => His/ Her
hữu +) Ours => Theirs
+) Yours => Mine/ ours
4. Tân ngữ +) Me => Him/ Her
+) Us => Them
+) You => Me/ Us
5. Trạng từ Here => There
chỉ nơi chốn
6. Đại từ chỉ +) This => That
định +) These => Those
7. Đại từ nhân +) I => He/She
xưng +) we => They
+) you => I/ we
I. CÂU TRẦN THUẬT GIÁN TIẾP
- Các động từ giới thiệu thường dùng là: tell, say,...
+) S + say/says (that) + clause
+) S + are/ is saying (that) + clause
+) S + have/ has said (that) + clause
+) S + will say (that) + clause
+) S + said (that)/ told sb (that)/ said to sb (that) + clause
1. Khi động từ ở mệnh đề chính trong câu trực tiếp ở thì hiện tại đơn
(say/says), hiện tại tiếp diễn (are/ is saying), hiện tại hoàn thành (have/ has
said), tương lai đơn (will say) => Thì của động từ trong câu gián tiếp không
thay đổi
Ex: The boys says “The test is difficult”
=> The boys says the test is difficult.
Ex: He has said “I am going to study law”
=> He has said he is going to study law.
2. Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính trong câu trực tiếp ở thì quá khứ đơn => đổi
từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp thì cần phải đổi đại từ, thì, trạng ngữ chỉ
thời gian, vị trí
Ex: “I lived in Hai Phong last year”, She said
=> She said she had lived in Hai Phong the year before
3. Một số trường hợp không đổi thì của động từ khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang
câu gián tiếp
+) Động từ trong câu trực tiếp có thời gian xác định:

Ex: He said “ I was born in 1980”
=> He said that he was born in 1980.
+) Câu điều kiện loại 0:
Ex: “Flowers die if they don’t get any water”, he said
=> He said flowers die if they don’t get any water.
+) Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3:
Ex: He said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here”
=> He said If he were me, he wouldn’t come there.
+) Câu ước (wish):
Ex: Mary said, “I wish I were a boy”
=> Mary said that she wished she were a boy.
+) Trong lời nói trực tiếp có: could, would, should, might, used to, ought to,
would rather, had better, it is time, as if.
Ex: Tom said to me, “You had better not contact her”
=> Tom said to me I had better not contact her.
BÀI TẬP:
1. Nam said, “I am told to be at school before 7 a’clock.”
=> Nam said
2. Thu said, “All the students will have a meeting next week”
=> Thu said
3. She said, “I didn’t buy this book last week”
=> She said
4. The boys said, “We have to try our best to win the match”
=> The boys said
5. He said, “I was born in 1990”
=> He said
6. My teacher said “The earth moves around the sun”
=> My teacher said
7. He said, “You had better work hard”
=> He said
8. Laura said, “I was doing my homework at 3p.m yesterday”
=> Laura said
9. The girl said, “Lan is the most intelligent girl in the class”
=> The girl said
10. The doctor said to Tom, “I lived here 10 years ago”
=> The doctor said to Tom
II. CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP
1. Câu hỏi Yes/ No
Ta dùng “If” hoặc “Whether” để bắt đầu câu hỏi
S + asked + sb
Wanted to know + whether/ if + S + V
Wondered
Ex: “Do you like music?”, he asked
=> He asked me if I liked music.
Ex: “Do you want the blue or green?”, he asked
=> He asked me whether I wanted the blue or green.

BÀI TẬP:
1. “Do you enjoy reading books?”, Phong asked Mary
=>
2. “Did you play sports yesterday?”, Hoa asked Hai
=>
3. “Will your sistẻ go shopping tomorrow?”, she asked Nam
=>
4. “Did you come to Lan’s party three days ago?”, Tam asked Peter
=>
5. “Were you cooking dinner at 5 p.m yesterday?”, Tuan asked Lan
=>
6. “Can you speak Chinese?”, she asked me
=>
7. “Will you be here for five days?” he asked her
=>
8. “Have you lived in London for 10 years”, Tom asked Laura
=>
2. Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi (Wh – questions): Các từ nghi vấn được dùng để bắt đầu
câu hỏi gián tiếp
S + asked + sb
Wanted to know + wh/ how + S + V
Wondered
Ex: He asked, “Where did you go last night?”

=> He asked me where had I gone the night before.
BÀI TẬP:
1. “Where does your father work?” the teaacher asked me
=>
2. “How many people are there in your family?” she asked Phong
=>
3. “How long will you stay in England?” Peter asked Mary
=>
4. “How long have you learn English?” she asked me
=>
5. “Where were you doing at 7.00 p.m yesterday?” he asked Tam
=>
6. “Where did you buy this book?” she asked Nam
=>
7. “Who are you playing football with?” she asked him
=>
8. “What would you say if someone stepped on your feet?” he asked her
=>
9. “When does the lesson end?” she asked me
=>
10. “What did you do last night?” he asked Van
=>

CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

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CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP

Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp

I. CÂU TRẦN THUẬT GIÁN TIẾP

- Các động từ giới thiệu thường dùng là: tell, say,...

+) S + say/says (that) + clause

+) S + are/ is saying (that) + clause

+) S + have/ has said (that) + clause

+) S + will say (that) + clause

+) S + said (that)/ told sb (that)/ said to sb (that) + clause

Ex: The boys says “The test is difficult”

=> The boys says the test is difficult.

Ex: He has said “I am going to study law”

=> He has said he is going to study law.

Ex: “I lived in Hai Phong last year”, She said

+) Động từ trong câu trực tiếp có thời gian xác định:

=> He said that he was born in 1980.

+) Câu điều kiện loại 0:

Ex: “Flowers die if they don’t get any water”, he said

=> He said flowers die if they don’t get any water.

+) Câu điều kiện loại 2, 3:

Ex: He said, “If I were you, I wouldn’t come here”

=> He said If he were me, he wouldn’t come there.

+) Câu ước (wish):

Ex: Mary said, “I wish I were a boy”

=> Mary said that she wished she were a boy.

=> Tom said to me I had better not contact her.

1. Nam said, “I am told to be at school before 7 a’clock.”

=> Nam said

=> Thu said

3. She said, “I didn’t buy this book last week”

=> She said

5. He said, “I was born in 1990”

6. My teacher said “The earth moves around the sun”

=> My teacher said

7. He said, “You had better work hard”

8. Laura said, “I was doing my homework at 3p.m yesterday”

=> Laura said

=> The girl said

10. The doctor said to Tom, “I lived here 10 years ago”

=> The doctor said to Tom

II. CÂU HỎI GIÁN TIẾP

1. Câu hỏi Yes/ No

Ta dùng “If” hoặc “Whether” để bắt đầu câu hỏi

Wanted to know + whether/ if + S + V

Ex: “Do you like music?”, he asked

=> He asked me if I liked music.

Ex: “Do you want the blue or green?”, he asked

=> He asked me whether I wanted the blue or green.

1. “Do you enjoy reading books?”, Phong asked Mary

2. “Did you play sports yesterday?”, Hoa asked Hai

3. “Will your sistẻ go shopping tomorrow?”, she asked Nam

5. “Were you cooking dinner at 5 p.m yesterday?”, Tuan asked Lan

6. “Can you speak Chinese?”, she asked me

7. “Will you be here for five days?” he asked her

8. “Have you lived in London for 10 years”, Tom asked Laura

Wanted to know + wh/ how + S + V

Ex: He asked, “Where did you go last night?”

1. “Where does your father work?” the teaacher asked me

3. “How long will you stay in England?” Peter asked Mary

4. “How long have you learn English?” she asked me