CLIMATE 2

FLOW OF PPT
• CLIMATE vs WEATHER
• FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE – INDIA
•MECHANISM OF INDIAN
MONSOON
• TYPES OF SEASONS
• CLIMATE - A UNIFYING BOND

CLIMATE vs WEATHER
■ Climate is the temperature of a place recorded for

a long period,i.e 30 years.
■ Weather is the temperature of a place recorded

on daily basis.
■ Both climate and weather have the same

elements
–temperature,rainfall,humidity,atmospheric
pressure etc.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CLIMATE
-INDIA
1.Latitude ;Inclination of the earth at 23.5degree
causes differential heating on its surface, eg : India
experiences tropical climate in the south & sub-tropical
climate in the north.
HEAT ZONES OF THE EARTH
2.Altitude ;Temp decreases with increasing height
due to which hills are cooler than the plains,like
Delhi & Shimla.
■ 3.Distance between sea and land ;land breeze
& sea breeze influence the coastal climate like
Mumbai & Nagpur.
4. Relief: High mountains act as barriers for cold
or hot winds. They may also cause precipitation if
they are high enough and lie in the path of
rain-bearing winds.
5. Ocean currents ;cold & warm current winds
influece the climatic condition of the coasts
Things to Remember
■ Climate is the temperature of a place recorded for a
long period whereas weather is the temperature of a
place recorded on daily basis.
■ Factors affecting India’s climate-
*Latitude; inclination of the earth at 23.5°C causing

differential heating in India.
*Altitude; temperature decrease with increase in
height at a rate of
*Distance from sea; under the influence of land and
sea breeze weather in the coastal areas is always
better (moderate) than the interior part of the
country.
*Relief; it acts as a barrier which checks the
rain-bearing winds or cold winds from the Tibetian
plateau.
*Ocean Currents; balances the temperature all over
Let’s Find Out:
Multiple choice type questions:
1. What generally happens to air temperature as we move from
the plain to the hills?
(a) it decreases (b) it increases
(c) it remains constant (d) None of the above
2. Which one of the following is an element of weather?
(a) Climate (b) Temperature
(c) Humidity (d) Both (b) & (c)
3. Which imaginary line passes through the center of our country?
(a) Equator (b) Tropic of Capricon
(c) Tropic of Cancer (d) None of these
4. Which of the following control is not affecting the climate of
India?
(a) Altitude (b) Cyclones
(c) Latitude (d) Pressure & Winds
5.Goa experiences moderate weather under the influence of
(a) altitude (b) sun
(c) winds (d) sea
6.Pressure & winds ;
The winds blowing from the south has a tendency

to get deflected toward left & winds from north
gets deflected towards right due to rotation of
the earth,called Coriolis Force.
■ The pressure and wind conditions over India are
unique. During winter, there is a high pressure area
north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this
region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to
the south. During summer, a low pressure area
develops over north-western India. This causes a
complete reversal of winds during summer. Air moves
from high pressure over the south-easterly direction,
crosses the equator and turns right towards the low
pressure areas over the Indian subcontinent.
• Jet Streams: These are the narrow belt of high
altitude (above 12,000m) westerly winds in the
troposphere.Their speed varies from 110km/hr in
summer to about 184km/hr in winter.During
summer,the sub-tropical westerly jet stream moves
north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement
of the sun and an easterly sub-tropical jet stream
blows over peninsular India.
*Western Disturbances: In this, the westerly winds
blowing over the Mediterranean Sea pick up moisture
under cyclonic influence and strike against the
Himalayas,causing heavy rainfall in the north-western
India during winter.
MECHANISM OF INDIAN CLIMATE
❖ The differential heating & cooling of land & water

creates low pressure on the Indian landmass while
the sea experieces high pressure
❖ The Tibetian plateau gets highly heated during

summer,developing low pressure trough over it
❖ The presence of high pressure near the east of

Madagascar at 20degree south over Indian Ocean
affects Indian monsoon
❖ ITCZ: a broad trough of low pressure,develops over
Ganga valley gets very much affected by the
monsoonal trough.This is a zone where north-east &
south-west monsoon winds meet.This trough is
almost parallel to the equator and moves north &
south with the apparent movement of the sun.
❖ Jet Streams are the westerly winds blow above

12000m above the mean sea level in the narrow belt
of troposphere.The presence of the westerly jet
streams to the north of Himalayas & the easterly jet
streams over the Indian peninsula again affects the
Indian monsoon.
El Nino is a name given to the periodic development
of a warm current temporarily replacing the Peruvian
cold current .
TYPES OF SEASONS
1.Summer :
✔ March – May
✔ Temperature rises & pressure falls down in the
Northern India
✔ Loo blows which are strong,hot,dusty & dry winds
blow during the day over the north
✔ Thunderstorms are common,called Kalbaisakhi in
West Bengal.
✔ In the month of May pre-monsoon showers are
common when ripening of mangoes can be
seen,also known as mango showers.
2.Winter:
✔ Mid-November-February
✔ December & January –coldest months
✔ Weather is marked by clear sky,low

temperatures,low humidity & variable winds
✔ North-east trade winds are common,blow from

land-sea
✔ Inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west &

north-west
3. Advancing Monsoon:
✔ June-September constantly for several days,called
✔ Burst of Monsoon
✔ Around its arrival,the normal rainfall increases

suddenly & continues
✔ Low pressure condition over the northern
plains,attracts the trade winds from the southern
hemisphere
✔ After crossing the equator,they blow in a
south-westerly direction entering the Indian

peninsula as the south-west monsoon
✔ Complete change in the weather condition
✔ Western Ghats & Mawsynram receive the highest

rainfall in this season
4. Retreating Monsoon:
✔ October-November
✔ High-pressure develops over the northern plains &

vice-a-versa low-pressure develops over the Bay of
Bengal
✔ Oct-Nov is a transition period from hot rainy to dry
winter conditions
✔ During this time day temp. are high & nights are
cool & pleasant,humidity is also high,hence also

called ‘October Heat’
✔ Low-pressure conditions over north-western India
get transferred to the Bay of Bengal due to which
cyclonic disturbances originate over the sea causing
heavy rainfall in Eastern coast of southern India.
MONSOON AS A UNIFYING BOND
It controls the temperature
It influences the life of the people like their festivals

also revolve around us
It helps in increasing agricultural production in

India
The monsoon winds provide water all over the country

CLIMATE 2

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FLOW OF PPT

• CLIMATE - A UNIFYING BOND

■ Climate is the temperature of a place recorded for

■ Weather is the temperature of a place recorded

■ Both climate and weather have the same

*Latitude; inclination of the earth at 23.5°C causing

The winds blowing from the south has a tendency

❖ The differential heating & cooling of land & water

❖ The Tibetian plateau gets highly heated during

❖ The presence of high pressure near the east of

❖ Jet Streams are the westerly winds blow above

✔ December & January –coldest months

✔ Weather is marked by clear sky,low

✔ North-east trade winds are common,blow from

✔ Inflow of cyclonic disturbances from the west &

✔ Around its arrival,the normal rainfall increases

south-westerly direction entering the Indian

✔ Western Ghats & Mawsynram receive the highest

✔ High-pressure develops over the northern plains &

cool & pleasant,humidity is also high,hence also

It controls the temperature

It influences the life of the people like their festivals

It helps in increasing agricultural production in

The monsoon winds provide water all over the country

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