Effect of Growth Regulators and Pinching

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(6): 517-519
E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234 Effect of Growth regulators and pinching on
JPP 2017; 6(6): 517-519
Received: 22-09-2017 Economics with cost benefit ratio for commercial
Accepted: 24-10-2017
cultivation of marigold cv. Calcutta Orange
Anuradha RW
Department of Floriculture and
Landscape Architecture,
University of Horticultural
Anuradha RW, Sateesh RP, Kulakarni BS and Shankar Meti
Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka,
India Abstract
Investigation on “Effect of pinching and plant growth regulators on growth, flowering, yield and quality
Sateesh RP of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. Calcutta Orange” was carried out during October, 2015 to
Department of Floriculture and February, 2016. The field experiments were carried out to find the effect of two levels of pinching i.e., no
Landscape Architecture, pinching and pinching and different plant growth regulators viz., GA3 at 200 ppm, NAA at 60 ppm, CCC
University of Horticultural at 1000 ppm and TIBA at 1000 ppm. Among the growth regulators, benefit cost ratio was found to be
maximum in GA3 followed by NAA and CCC and minimum benefit cost ratio was found in TIBA.
India
Among pinching, pinching had highest benefit cost ratio compared to unpinched plants, among the
Kulakarni BS interactions, benefit cost ratio was found to be maximum and positive in G1P1, G2P1and minimum for
Department of Floriculture and control G4P0.The experiment can be concluded that pinching of apical bud and foliar spray of GA3 at 200
Landscape Architecture, ppm independently gave higher yield, better quality flowers with maximum benefit in African marigold
University of Horticultural cv. Calcutta Orange.
India Keywords: Growth regulators, pinching, Tagetes erecta
Shankar Meti 1. Introduction

Department of Floriculture and
Landscape Architecture, African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) is a widely cultivated as bedding plants, loose flower,
University of Horticultural perfume, natural colure, pigments, carotinoids, insect and nematodes repellents, nutrient
Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, supplement for poultry feed. Marigold plant habit of profuse flowering, short duration to
India produce marketable flowers, wide spectrum of attractive colures, shape and size and good
keeping quality, attracted the attention producers and traders mostly. Effect of pinching, both
manual and chemically; using growth regulators was ascertained for improving the production
of compact African marigold cv Calcutta orange Although a lot of information is available to
maximum flowering and yield in commercially important plants yet comparative studies
involving the use of growth regulators and pinching scarce. Therefore, an experiment was
carried out to compare the effects of growth regulators and manual pinching on African
marigold cv Calcutta orange. The objective of study the economics of loose marigold flowers
by applying different pinching and growth regulator approaches.
2. Materials and methods

The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (R.B.D.). All treatments were
randomly allocated among the plot and replicated five times. Four growth regulators namely
gibberellic acid (G1- GA3 at 200 ppm), NAA (G2- at 60 ppm), cycocel (G3- CCC at 1000 ppm)
and TIBA at 1000 ppm (G4) were taken. These four growth regulators along with one control
(G0-water spray), were taken for both the growth regulators. The marigold cultivar Calcutta
Orange seedlings used for the experiment were collected from C.S. Biradar nursery,
Ghataprabha.
After field preparation one month old, healthy, uniform seedlings were used for transplanting
as shown in the plate 1. Seedlings were planted at a spacing of 60 x 45 cm and light irrigation
was given soon after transplanting. Well decomposed FYM @ 20 tonnes per hectare was
applied at the time of land preparation. The recommended dose of fertilizer 225:60:60 kg
NPK/ha (Anon, 2012) [2]. Seven and ten days after transplanting the gap filling was done twice
Correspondence with fresh seedling, in order to maintain 100 per cent plant population in each plot. Hence for
Anuradha RW whole experimental site necessitated 3L of growth regulator spray of mentioned concentration
Department of Floriculture and which are prepared out of respective stocks and diluted for 3L volume with distilled water.
Landscape Architecture, Only control treatment plot was water sprayed. The spraying was done in the morning hours
University of Horticultural
with the help of hand sprayer.
India Observations were recorded at 45 and 90 days after transplanting.
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
The various growth parameters like height of plant (cm), 2.3 Benefit: cost ratio
number of primary branches per plant, number of primary
branches per plant and plant spread (cm2) were recorded for
observation. The flowering parameters like emergence of first
flower bud, commencement of first flowering (days) and the
yield parameter flower yield per plant (g) were also recorded. Statistical analysis
The cost of all inputs prevailed in the market at the time of The data on various biometrical parameters recorded during
their use and labour cost was used to calculate the cost of the period of investigation was tabulated and subjected to
cultivation is furnished.The price of the inputs and produce statistical analysis using factorial randomized complete block
that prevails at the time of their use will be considered for design (RCBD).The test of significance (‘f’ test) and critical
working out the economics. Net returns per hectare will be difference (CD) were read at 0.05 probabilities (Sunderaraju
calculated by deducting the cost of cultivation from gross et al., 1972) [3].
income per hectare and benefit cost ratio (BC) will be worked
out. Result and discussion
Among the growth regulators, benefit cost ratio was found to
2.1 Cost of cultivation (Rs./ha) be maximum in GA3 followed by NAA and CCC and
The prices of all inputs prevailing at the time of their use and minimum benefit cost ratio was found in TIBA. Among
the labour cost were used to work out the cost of cultivation pinching, pinching had highest benefit cost ratio compared to
and expressed in rupees per hectare. unpinched plants, among the interactions, benefit cost ratio
was found to be maximum and positive in G1P1, G2P1and
2.2 Gross return (Rs./ha) minimum for control G4P0 as shown in the table 1. The
The gross income was worked out based on the prevailing experiment can be concluded that pinching of apical bud and
market of the flower and xanthophylls produce and expressed foliar spray of GA3 at 200 ppm independently gave higher
in rupees per hectare. yield, better quality flowers with maximum benefit in African
Net returns (Rs./ha) =Gross returns (Rs./ha)– Cost of marigold cv. Calcutta Orange as shown in the figure 1.
cultivation (Rs./ha)
Table 1: Economics with cost benefit ratio for commercial cultivation of marigold cv. Calcutta Orange per ha.
Particulars G0P0 G0P1 G1P0 G1P1 G2P0 G2P1 G3P0 G3P1 G4P0 G4P1
Land preparation 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
Seedling cost 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33 13333.33
FYM 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00 20000.00
NPK 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00 8358.00
Transplanting +
2000.00 2500.00 2000.00 2500.00 2000.00 2500.00 2000.00 2500.00 2000.00 2500.00
Pinching
Growth regulator
0.00 0.00 55000.00 55000.00 682.50 682.50 3250000.00 3250000.00 582500.00 582500.00
application
Irrigation Weeding 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00 2320.00
Harvesting 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00 8800.00
Miscellaneous 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00 4400.00
Cost of cultivation 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00 3000.00
Flower yield Gross
2.65 3.28 5.84 7.03 4.39 5.04 3.83 3.96 3.56 3.92
(tonnes/ha)
Return (In Rs.) 79500.00 98400.00 175200.00 210900.00 131700.00 151200.00 114900.00 118800.00 106800.00 117600.00
Net return (In Rs.) 14288.67 32688.67 54988.67 90188.67 65806.17 84806.17 -3200311.33 -3196911.33 -540911.33 -530611.33
B:C ratio 0.22 0.50 0.46 0.75 1.00 1.28 -0.97 -0.96 -0.84 -0.82
Fig 1: Benefit cost ratio as influenced by the growth regulators and pinching in African marigold cv. Calcutta Orange
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Plate 1: Experimental plot a) During preparation b) After

transplanting c) During flowering
Reference
1. Anonymous. Indian Horticulture Database. National
Horticulture Board, Gurgaon. 2014, 286.
2. Anonymous. Package of practice of Horticulture crops (in
Kannada). Univ. Hort. Sci., Bagalkot, 2012.
3. Sunderaraju N, Nagaraju S, Venkataramu M, Jagannath
M. design and analysis of field experiments. misc. uni.
agric. sci., Bangalore, Karnataka (India), 1972, 22.
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(6): 517-519

Shankar Meti 1. Introduction

2. Materials and methods

Plate 1: Experimental plot a) During preparation b) After

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