w÷j ÷ªvKPvi(22 cÖweavb)

SOS AwZ msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t

*** 1| w÷j ÷ªvKPvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq? w÷j ÷ªvKPvi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?

** 2| ‡WW ‡jvW (Dead load) I mPj †jvW (Live load) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 3| AISC, AASHTO, AREMA Ges AISI Gi c~Y©iƒc †jL|
4| mgvbycvwZK mxgv (Proportional Limit) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 5| Uvd‡bm ev `y‡f©`¨Zv (Toughness) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 6| c`v‡_©i AbgbxqZv ev `„pZv (Stiffness) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 7| 𝐖𝟏𝟖 × 𝟓𝟎′ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

8| LRFD c×wZ‡Z d¨v±i †jvW Ges d¨v±i †÷ªs_ Gi g‡a¨ m¤ú©K †jL|
** 9| fi‡K›`ª Kv‡K e‡j?
** 10| †gv‡g›U Ae Bbvwk©qv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

*** 11| †Ubkb †g¤^vi Kv‡K e‡j?

* 12| †Ubkb †g¤^vi wn‡m‡e mvaviYZ Kx AvKvi (Shape) e¨envi Kiv nq?
*** 13| †Ubkb ‡g¤^v‡ii e¨_© (Fail) nIqvi KviY †jL|
** 14| †Ubkb †g¤^v‡i ‡mKkb¸‡jvi bvg †jL|

*** 15| Kjv‡gi cÖvšÍxq Ae¯’v KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?

** 16| Kjv‡gi mgZzj¨ ˆ`N©¨ ev Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 17| †¯øÛvi‡bm †iwkI Kv‡K e‡j?
** 18| †iwWqvm Ae RvB‡ikb Kv‡K e‡j?

**19| weg wW‡d¬Kkb Kv‡K e‡j?

20| we‡gi wW‡d¬Kk‡bi m~ÎwU †jL|
**21| Aÿxq †jvW Kv‡K e‡j? GK †Kw›`ªK †jvW (Ecentric Force) Kx?

** 22| †d¬w·ej GÛ †cøU Kv‡bKkb Kx? †d¬w·wewjwU KZ cÖKvi Ges Kx Kx?

** 23| R‡q›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq? R‡q›U KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
*** 24| j¨vc R‡q›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 25| evU R‡q›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 26| Strength of rivet (wi‡f‡Ui kw³) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 27| wi‡f‡Ui e¨_©Zv Kxfv‡e NU‡Z cv‡i?
28| g~j †cø‡Ui cyiæZ¡ 𝒕 n‡j mvaviYZ wi‡f‡Ui e¨vm KZ aiv nq?
*** 29| wi‡fU wcP ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 30| e¨vK wcP ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 31| wiwcwUs †mKkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 32| †mwg wiwRW R‡q›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

** 33| wiwRW Kv‡bKkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

*** 34| I‡q‡ìW Kv‡bKkb ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 35| wd‡jU I‡qì ev j¨vc I‡qì R‡q›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 36| evU I‡qì R‡q›U ej‡Z Kx eySvq? evU I‡qì R‡q›U KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?
*** 37| I‡q‡ì †jM Ges ˆ`N©¨ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

1
*** 38| wd‡jU I‡q‡ìi AvKvi Ges _ª‡Ui cyiæZ¡ ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 39| ¯øU ev cøvM ‡Rvov ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

*** 40| Uªvm ej‡Z Kx eySvq? Av`k© Uªv‡mi ¸Yvewj Kx Kx?

** 41| Uªv‡mi ej wbY©q c×wZ¸‡jv Kx Kx?
42| Uªv‡mi ej we‡køl‡Yi †mKkb c×wZ‡Z GKwU †mKk‡b KZwU ARvbv ej _vK‡Z cv‡i Ges †Kb?
*** 43| c~Y©v½ ev cvi‡d± Uªv‡mi kZ© Kx?
* 44| UvB I ֻvU Kx?
*** 45| cvi‡d± I B¤úvi‡d± ‡d«g ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 46| †Wwdwm‡q›U Ges wiWvb‡W›U †d«g ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
47| KW© †g¤^vi ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 48| wd« ewW WvqvMÖvg ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
* 49| †ev-Gi †bv‡Ukb Kx?
*** 50| UvIqvi Kv‡K e‡j? UvIqvi KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx?

** 51| weªR ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

* 52| w÷j weªR †Kv_vq wbg©vY Kiv nq?
** 53| †ijI‡q weª‡Ri Dci Kx Kx †jvW we‡ePbv Kiv nq?
*** 54| †cøU MvW©vi weªR ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
** 55| c_Pvix Ges hvbevnb PjvP‡ji †jvW Abyhvqx weª‡Ri cÖKvi‡f` †jL|

*** 56| K‡¤úvwRU ÷ªvKPvi Kv‡K e‡j?

** 57| K‡¤úvwRU ÷ªvKPv‡ii myweavmg~n †jL|
*** 58| wewfbœ ai‡bi K‡¤úvwRU ÷ªvKPv‡ii bvg †jL|

SOS msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t

*** 1| w÷j ÷ªvKPv‡ii myweav I Amyweavmg~n eY©bv Ki|

*** 2| w÷j ÷ªvKPvi Ges Aviwmwm ÷ªvKPv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|

* 3| w÷j ÷ªvKPvi wWRvB‡bi c×wZ KqwU I Kx Kx? ASD Ges 𝐋𝐑𝐅𝐃 Gi c~Y©iƒc Kx?
4| LRFD Ges ASD Gi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †jL|

** 5| †Ubkb †g¤^v‡ii cÖKvi‡f` †jL|

6| wbU Kvh©Kix Gwiqv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
7| w÷d‡bm I ‡mwjÛvi‡bm †iwkI Gi Dci †Ubkb †g¤^v‡ii ˆ`‡N©¨i cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki|
*** 8| eøK wkqvi Kv‡K e‡j?

*** 9| BDjv‡ii Kjvg w_Iwii Abygvb (Assumption) ¸‡jv †jL|

** 10| ‡d¬·vivj evKwjs ej‡Z wK eySvq?
** 11| Uikbvj evKwjs (Torsional buckling) Kv‡K e‡j?
12| ‡d¬·vivj-Uikbvj evKwjs ej‡Z wK eySvq?
* 13| weë-Avc ‡g¤^vi Kv‡K e‡j?

14| Kb‡mw›UªK †jv‡Wi Rb¨ ASD Ges LRFD c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úªkb †g¤^vi wWRvB‡bi g~j cv_©K¨ Kx? †jL|

2
** 15| †d¬w·ej Kv‡bKkb Kv‡K e‡j? wewfbœ ai‡bi †d¬w·ej Kv‡bKk‡bi bvg †jL|
16| wewfbœ cÖKvi wi‡fU R‡q‡›Ui bvg †jL|
*** 17| wi‡fU R‡q›U Gi e¨_©Zv KZ cÖKvi?
18| wi‡fU †Rvovq Kg©`ÿZv ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
19| wi‡fU †Rvov wWRvB‡bi we‡eP¨ welq¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki|
20| wi‡fU R‡q‡›Ui e¨_©Zv `~ixKi‡Yi Dcvq¸‡jv †jL|
21| wi‡fU R‡q›U wWRvB‡bi †gŠwjK aviYvmg~n †jL|
22| wcP I e¨vK wc‡Pi cv_©K¨ †jL|
23| wRMR¨vM Ges WvqgÛ wi‡fU R‡q‡›Ui cv_©K¨ †jL|

24| I‡q‡ìW Kv‡bKk‡bi wPÎ A¼b K‡i wewfbœ Ask¸‡jv †`LvI|

25| R‡q›U Ges Kv‡bKk‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨¸‡jv †jL|
*** 26| ‡d¬w·ej Ges wiwRW Kv‡bKk‡bi ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ †jL|
* 27| I‡q‡ìW Kv‡bKk‡bi †kÖYxwefvM †`LvI|
28| I‡q‡ìW †Rvovi myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv †jL|
29| cvk¦© wd‡jU Ges cÖvšÍ wd‡j‡Ui cv_©K¨ wPÎ A¼b K‡i †`LvI|

*** 30| wewfbœ cÖKvi iæd Uªv‡mi wPÎ A¼b Ki|

** 31| Uªv‡mi myweavmg~n †jL|
*** 32| wP‡Î cÖ`Ë †d«g¸‡jvi cÖKvi (c~Y©v½ ev Ac~Y©v½) wbY©q Ki|
* 33| wewfbœ cÖKvi weªR Uªv‡mi bvg †jL|
*34| UvIqvi wWRvB‡bi mgq Kx Kx †jvW aiv nq?

*** 35| K‡¤úvwRU †cøU weªR ej‡Z Kx eySvq? K‡¤úvwRU †cøU weª‡Ri myweavmg~n †jL|
** 36| mv‡cv‡U©i aib Abymv‡i weª‡Ri ‡kÖwYwefvM Ki|
* 37| †d¬v‡ii Ae¯’vb Abymv‡i weª‡Ri †kÖwYwefvM eY©bv Ki|
*** 38| wPÎmn †cøU MvW©vi weª‡Ri Dcv`vb eY©bv Ki|
** 39| e· MvW©vi weªR ej‡Z Kx eySvq?
*** 40| weª‡R e¨eüZ cÖavb cÖavb Uªv‡mi bvg †jL|
*** 41| †cøU MvW©vi weª‡Ri myweav †jL| ‡cøU MvW©vi weª‡Ri e¨envi D‡jøL Ki|

** 42| ACI ‡KvW Abyhvqx K‡¤úvwRU we‡gi Kvh©Kix cÖ¯’ KZ?

* 43| wkqvi Kv‡b±im †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq?

SOS iPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi t

1| w÷j ÷ªvKPv‡i AvMZ wewfbœ †jv‡Wi eY©bv `vI|

2| w÷‡ji †ÿ‡Î cxob weK…wZ WvqvMÖvg A¼b Ki|
3| w÷‡ji Av`k© µm-‡mKk‡bi AvK…wZ A¼bc~e©K eY©bv Ki|

* 4| LRFD Ges ASD wWRvBb c×wZ eY©bv Ki|

5| LRFD Ges ASD c×wZ‡Z †jvW Kw¤^‡bkb eY©bv Ki|

** 6| †Ubkb †g¤^v‡ii wWRvBb gvb`Ð (Criteria) Av‡jvPbv Ki|

7| LRFD c×wZ‡Z †Ubkb †g¤^vi wWRvBb Av‡jvPbv Ki|

3
 𝛑𝟐 𝐄𝐈
*** 8| Kjv‡gi `yB cÖvšÍ wnÄ mv‡cvU©-Gi Rb¨ cÖgvb Ki, 𝐏 = ‡hLv‡b cÖZxK¸‡jvi cÖPwjZ A_© enb K‡i|
𝐋𝟐

9| w÷j we‡gi mvaviY †ewÛs wPÎmn Av‡jvPbv Ki|

10| ASD c×wZ‡Z †Kv‡bv weg Ges †d¬·vivj †g¤^vi wWRvBb eY©bv Ki|

11| Aÿxq †jv‡Wi Rb¨ R‡q›U wWRvB‡bi avcmg~n †jL|

*** 12| iæd Uªv‡mi ‡ÿ‡Î wWRvBb †jvW eY©bv Ki|

* 13| UªvÝwgkb UvIqv‡ii KbwdMv‡ikb d¨v±i¸‡jv eY©bv Ki|

*** 14| weª‡Ri Dcvi AvMZ wewfbœ cÖKvi †jv‡Wi eY©bv `vI|
** 15| e· MvW©vi weªR Ges Uªvm weªR m¤ú‡K© †jL|

*** 16| K‡¤úvwRU we‡gi wWRvBb aviYv Ges Abygvb eY©bv Ki|
** 17| K‡¤úvwRU we‡gi Bjvw÷K †÷ªm Av‡jvPbv Ki|
*** 18| LRED c×wZ‡Z K‡¤úvwRU we‡gi wWRvBb bxwZmg~n eY©bv Ki|

SOS MvwYwZK mgm¨vewj t

𝟏 𝟑
1| GKwU †cø‡Ui wbU †ÿÎdj †ei Ki, ‡hLv‡b †cø‡Ui WvB‡gbkb 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉 Ges †ev‡ëi WvqvwgUvi 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉.
𝟐 𝟒
𝟏
2| wb‡¤œi wPÎ n‡Z wbU †ÿÎdj wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b, ‡cø‡Ui WvB‡gbkb = 𝟒 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉 × 𝟒 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒉
T T

3
Standard hole 4 inch
3| wb‡¤œi wPÎ n‡Z †UbmvBj †÷ªs_-Gi cwigvY †ei Ki|
cv‡÷ †cø‡Ui AvKvi = 𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝒎 × 𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎 × 𝟖 𝒎𝒎 Ges cÖ‡Z¨K cv‡k^©i cyiæZ¡ 𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒎, 𝒎𝟏𝟖 ‡MÖW|

75
T T
75

30 50 50 50 30

𝟑 𝟑
4| wP‡Îi Gusset Plate wUi wWRvBb ‡÷ªs_ wbY©q Ki| Gusset Plate Gi cyiæZ¡ " 𝟖 "| 𝑨𝟑𝟔 w÷j Ges †evë Gi e¨vm 𝟒 ′′.
‡Ubkb †g¤^v‡ii cyiæZ¡ = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟎′′
1.5′′ 3′′ 3′′

2′′
4

3′′ 𝑇
5| Dfq cÖvšÍ wcb hy³ 𝟑. 𝟐𝟓 𝐦 j¤^v GKwU duvcv Kjv‡gi evB‡ii e¨vm I wfZ‡ii e¨vm h_vµ‡g 𝟑𝟎 𝐜𝐦 Ges 𝟐𝟒 𝐜𝐦 n‡j †¯øÛvi‡bm
AbycvZ wbY©q Ki|
6| 𝟓 wgUvi ˆ`N©¨ I 𝟏𝟎 †mwg e¨v‡mi Kjv‡gi GKwU evKwjs ‡jvW wbY©q Ki, hw` KjvgwUi Dfq cÖvšÍ wnÄhy³ nq| 𝐄 =
𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐
7| BDjv‡ii m~Î Aej¤^‡b 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦 e¨v‡mi GKwU Kjv‡gi evKwjs †jvW wbY©q Ki| KjvgwUi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟏𝟎 𝐦 Ges Dfq cÖvšÍ wnÄhy³|
𝐄 = 𝟐. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐
8| eMv©Kvi cÖ¯’‡”Q‡`i 𝟔 wgUvi ‰`‡N©¨i GKwU B¯úv‡Zi Kjv‡gi Dfq cÖvšÍ wcbhy³| 𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐠 wbivc‡` enb Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb GKwU
Kjv‡gi AvKvi wWRvBb Ki| wbivc` mnM = 𝟑. 𝟓 Ges 𝐄 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐
9| 𝟏𝟓 𝐜𝐦 × 𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦 ‡mKkb wewkó GKwU Kv‡Vi Kjv‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟑 𝐦 Gi Dfq cÖvšÍ wnÄhy³ wbivc` mnM 𝟏𝟎 Ges 𝐄 =
𝟏. 𝟎𝟓𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟐 𝐭𝐨𝐧/𝐜𝐦𝟐 n‡j KjvgwUi wbivc` †jvW enb ÿgZv wbY©q Ki|
10| 𝟑. 𝟓 𝐦 ‰`‡N©¨i GK cÖvšÍ Ave× I Aci cªvšÍ wnÄhy³ GKwU Kjv‡gi evB‡ii e¨vm †fZ‡ii e¨v‡mi 𝟏. 𝟓 ¸Y| BDjv‡ii m~Î e¨envi
K‡i Kjv‡gi cÖ¯’‡”Q` wbY©q Ki| wbivc` fi 𝟒𝟎 𝐭𝐨𝐧 wbivc` mnM 𝟑. 𝟓 | [𝐄 = 𝟐. 𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 ]|
11| 𝟑: 𝟐 Abycv‡Z AvqZvKvi Kjv‡gi ˆ`N©¨ 𝟒 𝐦| KjvgwUi GK cÖvšÍ Ave× Ges Aci cÖvšÍ wcbhy³| KjvgwUi wbivc` fvienb ÿgZv
𝟏𝟖𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐠, wbivc` mnM 𝟑 Ges 𝐄 = 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 n‡j KjvgwUi AvKvi wbY©q Ki|
12| GKwU Kjvg 𝟓 𝐦 j¤^v Ges G‡Z 𝟒𝟎 𝐦𝐦 WvqvwgUv‡ii iW e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q| Kjv‡gi GK cÖvšÍ wd·W Ges Ab¨ cÖvšÍ gy³| BDjv‡ii
m~‡Îi mvnv‡h¨ Kjv‡gi wµcwjs †jvW wbY©q Ki| †hLv‡b 𝐄 Gi gvb 𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝐆𝐩𝐚|

13| GKwU wm‡½j wi‡f‡UW j¨vc R‡q›U †cø‡Ui cyiæZ¡ 12 wgwg, wi‡fU wcP 50 wgwg Ges wi‡fU wQ‡`ªi e¨vm 25 wgwg| D³ R‡q‡›Ui
wbivc` mnM 4 n‡j Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ †jvW Ges Kg©`ÿZv wbY©q Ki| R‡q‡›Ui m‡e©v”P cxobmg~n wUqvwis 3.2 Ub/eM© †mwg, weqvwis 5.6 Ub/
eM©‡mwg| wkqvwis 2.5 Ub/ eM©‡mwg|
14|𝟏𝟐 wgwg cyiæ‡Z¡i `ywU w÷j †cøU‡K GKwU wm‡½j wi‡f‡UW j¨vc R‡q›U Øviv mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wi‡fU wcP 𝟔 ‡mwg Ges wi‡fU e¨vm 𝟐𝟎
wgwg| cÖwZ †mwg cÖ‡¯’ 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 †KwR †jvW enb Ki‡b R‡q›U Drcbœ wkqvwis weqvwis Ges wUqvwis cxo‡bi gvb wbY©q Ki|
15| 𝟏𝟐 wgwg cyiæ‡Z¡i `ywU †cøU Wvej wi‡f‡UW j¨vc R‡q›U w`‡q mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ mvwii wi‡fvUi wcP 8 ‡mwg Ges wi‡f‡Ui e¨vm
𝟐𝟐 wgwg| Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob¸‡jv n‡jv wUqvwis (𝐟𝐭 ) = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 kg/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , wkqvwis (𝐟𝐬 ) = 𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝐤𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 , weqvwis (𝐟𝐛 ) =
𝟏𝟓𝟎𝟎 𝐊𝐠/𝐜𝐦𝟐 wi‡fU †Rvovi mvg©_¨ I `ÿZv wbY©q Ki|
16| GKwU wm‡½j wi‡f‡UW evU R‡q›U g~j †cø‡Ui cyiæZ¡ 13 wgwg, wi‡fU wcP 6 ‡mwg, wi‡fU e¨vm 20 wgwg Ges Kfvi †cø‡Ui cyiæZ¡ 10
wgwg| wiwcwUs †mKk‡bi MÖnb‡hvM¨ †jvW wbY©q Ki| Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxobmg~n n‡jv 𝒇𝒔 = 𝟔𝟒𝟎 kg/ 𝒄𝒎𝟐 , 𝒇𝒃 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐
Ges 𝒇𝒕 = 𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 |

17| GKwU wd‡jU I‡qì R‡q‡›Ui Kvh©Kix ˆ`N©¨ 16 †mwg, Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 ‡KwR/eM©‡mwg I _ª‡Ui Kvh©Kix cyiæZ¡ 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎 ‡mwg
n‡j wd‡jU I‡qì R‡q›UwUi cÖwZ‡ivax ej wbY©q Ki|
18| wb‡¤œi wPÎvbyhvqx 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 AvKv‡ii GKwU UvB evi‡K GKwU AwaKZi cÖk¯Í cv‡Zi mv‡_ wd‡jU I‡qì w`‡q hy³ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| I‡q‡ìi Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 n‡j I‡q‡ìi AvKvi wbY©q Ki|
19| 𝟕 𝒎𝒎 cyiæ‡Z¡i `ywU cvZ‡K I‡qwìs †Rvov †`Iqv n‡q‡Q wd‡j‡Ui AvKvi 𝟓 𝒎𝒎 Ges Kvh©Kix cxob 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 Ges
cv‡Zi Aby‡gv`b‡hvM¨ cxob 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 n‡j j¨vwcs ˆ`N©¨ 𝒙 wbY©q Ki|

5
20| 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 × 𝟏 𝒄𝒎 AvKv‡ii GKwU cvZ‡K Aci GKwU 𝟏𝟓 𝒄𝒎 × 𝟏 𝒄𝒎 AvKv‡ii cv‡Zi mv‡_ 𝟔 𝒎𝒎 wd‡jU I‡qì Øviv
wPÎvbyhvqx wZbcvk¦© mshy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRbxq Ifvij¨v‡ci cwigvc wbY©q Ki| †cø‡Ui Aby‡gvw`Z cxob 𝟏𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 Ges wd‡j‡Ui
Kvh©Kix cxob 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐 |
21| 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝒄𝒎 AvKv‡ii GKwU UvBev‡ii mv‡_ 𝟏𝟐 𝒄𝒎 × 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒄𝒎 AvKv‡ii Aci GKwU UvBevi‡K wPÎvbyhvqx mshy³ K‡i
𝟐𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏 ‡jvW cÖ‡qvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖvšÍ wd‡j‡Ui AvKvi wbY©q Ki| Dfq cÖv‡šÍ mgvb cxo‡bi m„wó nq| I‡q‡ìi Aby‡gvw`Z cxob
𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝒈/𝒄𝒎𝟐