MAGMETIc EFrecs OF CwRAENT

(onept )magnhe fiud he spae wnda magne wimin h ith its

nfvene on be exporienu«d s caued magnche fietd.
A movin9 hahge U UMAert C0Aing
wnad it.
magnhe fiud
Sio4 Sayar+ lv (onside G (UAx ent
det Ie lUHHent lotuing hkouh we
Cuh tat elemeat 9 me wine
Point P
A
dstan e d)
M
Nowatc. to biot Savat oa, manmde
Smet
mayoe ti fietof td8)
D i s di eet pMopo ahinal to me Uent
RI
9 5 i net poporahimel to me (urnat elkmen4
TU
) 9 s dik ett puopemhmal to Sine
d Sin 8
4) inversly p»epoudimal to he Sqvme
9n vectox foMm edistune om me Ront P
NJ
diß. Tdl hn
sind *

d8 cltSin2
AY
he uo pexmeabitity me medim
and value e
T

Sheciol Coses
hon
0 , Sine Sin0 z o

Cminimum value)

d& Idi Sinso

distunte
Mognehic ietcd w n d Id may Uolue)
cdistune
magoehc ietd cet he (cathe Ueat (Gkyins lp
det Us AuphUse a is
cUN tnt towing thADUH
Conduetwn as shown in m U
la
9hea Acc. to Siot Savat
a . entne win be given y
magnti Jiztd ut
ci8 Tcu Sin
n e i s angle sw dl and So 0 =90
men Sin90° - So

4
M
9nt gahing sem Sides

Sal Sur
e I x 2mh
RI
4T 2

uoT
2
TU
Fon N ue
2

at me x is G ciAtulan Cuet lp
agncic i e
d Comicle o tixtolr toop cMyin
NJ
CU t I.
d&tos4 d6 d
a Now (omside a (UMMent element
me
a&sin at hp 9 he tdp. Now
me
t
d@Sin mognehe Jieu dß clue to tmis len^
AY
element will have two com honen 4
d
dß(oso
Similoxy i we Comssden (Ukent clement ct me tum,
P. mis will also have
i+ wil also sive magneh fiud aß a t Pnat
two Component Cos dsia d.
Now bum dßtosd witl an cel eah ome wt
total magneh'e iul dBSin d +t0s in
=

hen,
2dBS ino

(clB 7 TdI Sin Sind

hae o is ungle b/w and dt - 9U' .so Sin90 =!

e 8)T TdL Siad
 Hcw Ante9ahns om Sicdes
Je = Me 1Sin
B o TSind
hesee Sind
e TSiod (2ra)
tsoem bhytnagum
6 ESing @)
Va4s2
Poin Votves Sind
M
a+s*

2 (a+s) 3/2
RI
fo N .
distunte NTQ
Magnh« fiet i m Di stane 2(a+st) "
TU
spetia (ana
At entre lop S:o Th en
2 ( a ) 3a
oN TO

Bz NI
2G
NJ
2) hen s > a hen
Neglect oMom onole
2(s*)l 2SS
AY
Clock yie
CUMH tnt is in Cun bc tockwise
dinem, i t behovs ike G Noxh Ale

me (UMHent lous in clockw diaethm

itthovs Swth Pote

Ambee (iuuit auo he lie me &

integmot magneh fiud mo
ctused Cituit is e_val d Al himes me totad (UMAnt r hosting
ay
Mough mis ctosed i*wit. momtmh'celly
 PrOo Comide a lan (Un I

The vatve magneh* find a G on

wlhich is at o ditunt * is qven b
2T1A

Alow catuwluhe total mcgnsh Jiud c we tuke Comhlete

line intega magnehe fitd.

2T

Mmp ee lcu is huov ed

M
Magehe fietd cue o infinie ly wihe Ampene us)

det Cmides a
us lmg infin* wihe cohhyn
RI
(unnen I . Now w have find e vove

moeic find at hoint A hih is ct

disune M
TU
Now we cdhow ihcolan mhenian lop mard
e whe s shoawn in me Jgue
Now Fhm mphone la I Cuet
NJ
AY
21h
his is hme volue mognei iad tlur dv he'wne at distanre h.

CUMhent loop 0s mognehc dipole

Dinechiom
A lUet Comying cihwlon loop has magnchieield oround t+ mm.

heefae is me ore uts aso nonth nole p me o o fare

ccts on a swm oie.. mene ms l0p (an be 1ukea as
magnche dipole.
As huwn in diagrom o tuhen+ l0p, its upden fore win
behave n a Noth Pole uwhte a duwnuwcnd fore acts as Soth pole.
Mag nhic diok m t 9 t s equai to phodet went 3 Ahte th lop

m TA
t i s e vecton quantity 4 its dinechim is xon Suth w Noh.
Whe na maving thange in a
magneht e
when u
chGngerd pnitlt is nsicde a magneh fie wim
moving
Same velout ot on_ie 6 witm magnehic Jintd
hn fome expeitnd bythoged hahtte
D i t l y DauopenhNal to me magnttit feld1
x B
2) Dcch oonhnat t vSin8 (velowty whjth is is l to fretd
fx vsin
3) dietl haohouimal to he volue honpe
(ombining u
M
F o Bve Sino

he k is t (wtunt p value K=
So
RI

his OMee is collcol (0«em2

maghi fwe
TU
Special Canes when 9 =0 en Sin - Sin0 = 0
e, F Av Sinoo Cmiai m)
wht c0, men Sin8- Sin90 =
hen, fr &vs Sinso Bvy ( max)
NJ
) whem Bt80 men Sine =Sini8o
Gmbotaa+ Points hen, Ez v g Sinj80= o (minimUm)

9 wnen o thoged p nhde is Hhewo ino mogmh fiud at

AY
chorg hohce expesuiente a jonre f= &vgsine
ad
changd honhle stens movi ine tikulen muim.
when a (hoed
on hete t ange &wim me
magne ht i , hen vetout ponitle wihave huo
o
Cemp om (vsinB) vcose). me* wit be no feet dm
Vsin Cos aA it is utmg tme magnthe and.
ut VSia will e heieniea OM 0
iia phendicuion
VS a0
o
magnehe fild.
i t l meve ae
VCos thexyed tn iuwln mohion
vCos8 w nve me choxged in Soznwtnd dinethin
Ths ombining bom moim, me ponht* wid
maneitd more in nelical pom.

U 000
donet2 fonee he tdtal Punce expeaien ced bya cha^gel ponhue mving
in bom ketot magnehit fidd is tolf do»etz oire

xpeienced by cha *ge in clectaic ield

Fe E
ute expeiened y cha^ge in magnehi ield

Total erefe+hs
M
|Velouity seleth»|
A heom elertom Me passed msoug h
RI
a Hegi in whi ch botm elctthic

fid mag i c Me . he Deflection

electhiefictel B magnrt finnd

Electron xXXXxx*í Undeflected electron
eencditu lan to'eoth omen.
TU
ae
x xixixiX**
as ahouwn in me9ue
Deflection
by B
Electhit field is in do wn wthd elinechm Region of
Gnd
mag«h Jilel goin into he popth* Crossed felds
NJ
Fig. 4.64 Motion of an electron in a region of
cTOSSed magnetic and electric fields.
NOw Elec tHie field Fonun elkcahn
to move uuGhd whee as
magneh fietd fo ting elettm to move clown uokd.
AY
eleci*on havels staig+ nen,
hwohd0Me m it+ - downwed forue m i t

Ek ctiefunree mageh oe

mesV
hus omy s e dectam ton hoss whe veloity is eval to ¬la
FOn te ex pehienced by a Conduewa in mogne he dd
Aet a wine Coying UntI plored imree he mogneht
itt men förtë expeied bhe elects h mdut

f BvySinb hxe » chye d) elcctron = e

 = Bve Sine
Now
(otul funre cn lmdu cW = (rute m 1 ckttowm

fx
--- ----- **-
Wh
Nz otul no, elcetao. X
Aet z No, elcedsavas bex unit volome Fig. 4.70 Force on a current in a magnetic field.

NL hen N= n v

(hene VVolume- Area x

lengm)
-
Frn, enSine
M
Bve x nAR
=
f (neA v) 8! Sine
18 Sin6 Chore I: twnt n¬Av)
RI
18isin6 I (Tx )

Fue betwcen hwo hokalk! (uent (CMying Conduetos

TU
whtn hwo Canolu ctDs UMet n me
(uMyin9
hn wii atuGtt cath
Same cti Ai e n mey
ome.
(ansying UMN H in me
mehwo CondweD
NJ
hen th will epel earn
ophosíte diaeth
om.

in wiae A
t (U ent
AY
T2z wMMAN+ in wie 2

6z MIe expendened by wihe 2

he disunH Yw he wine
8,2 magnebr fidd elur to wie 1

eLo cue to e m wie2 -

mgneh
Mel -O
2
B2
wne2
Nou cdue to mis magneh fiud
Foxe
ex peuie nu u

Fa I2 t8, Sine

&8, CSin¢0 =1)

e n err O

211
 So Fwe
TT
2
Cund fe be unit legh
Similoly due
Caheitn ced b
me
F wine
mageh fiud wiMe 2
and
Th
Definivm ambee;-
We 2now whn I,-I2- lApene
Hz Imethe

hen
S e Cumpee is hot votue A ent, auhith 0win mesth
M
e two honar l londoch plated t a diatan të l m
e m earh oho, and exheienre one 2x 0*ewtn ber
mee hei kngm
RI
10xque expenien ced by a * e doop in a mcgnehi fid
TU
Consict e auectangulwr (oil Paks
lar ed n a magnthe fitel s smuo
de+
I: lUahea+ (lowing in PeRs
G,b Sida PaP
NJ
PaRs lxb
A wre
N S

he uae expenieaed wike Po

Fe IA8 Sind
AY
whtre agle lengh b 9 wine p mayntht
So - 0 (atways fidd
men fe 148 Sin So

um fe mins lq1 hand awle Amis koe

is in down wthid eiu ehm

Sinilody Sice As will expeniene a

down
sin 6
Fone t LIg in upwond diectiom
So whole loo Paaswill exptAieme hore Sin6
aToqve
tz foue x hespendieulen disBonee
he Fonre = IAB PbSin8
and Pempendi w lan distune = bSin Pependitw lon clistoe
 So T T 8 x bSine
T IB (xb) Sin6
t TRA Sin® (hoe Az Asea z &xbs)

T NBA Sin8

whe 8 is aajle bt Anea vetwn ? magnrdc icld

Now, Put NIA 2 m (magnehe momen)

TmRSin 6 t. m
onGue wil e max whm - 0 T NIRA (mex)
M
Tongve will be minimum when 0z0 T0 Cm in)

Mov ing oi aolyanomttn

A galvanometor is a device to detct cuaen* ino ciwit
RI
inipeA Connen (oying coil blo red a o magoeh Petd exp4xieone
Toxqve , whin LA0tates the toil oc«ordicg to the vake )
TU
onatuthin Scale
A galvanomet tmm is* ) ctangulon col L uulululluulJ
oppe wine woud m a Pointer Permanern
magnet
meta ttituame. One ends )fsone
NJ
Connetted wtm m hais spaing omo
End is tom eeted wima lointn. me
motm ane is mtoned b sping / Pivot

he sping uovide the Mnring Tosqve VSoft-iron

AY
wh me Poin+e meawn me cqem core

stale. Uniform radial

4odvced m a magnetic held

he toil is ploteet Leeen too (ylinowicat (a

Contave
stnmg besane* magnen havíng T

shoped poles, A Sofi inm wn ako Fointer

platcd inawide me m kattie fstam to indenmijy

TCoul
fu magnehie find. Concave Terminals
POe

oft-iron
ylinder Jewelled
uwoxRing As me magnchc poles me tomtave Hair bearing
pring
Ahcpa he magrt field n mem b)
a d ial so he plane (oil Gwas Fig. 4.94 (a) Top view (6) Front view of a
pivoted-type galvanometer.
aemain honauel to me manthr et,
So me volue F : 1{8Sin des no ceped m h* volur
u time oUinG Auvtahim. . S oH«
as it is Jixa, o
wie Ps 3 R equal to z 1t8
expenitned by
 -**
New accOding td fleming leyt suwle
me Side Ps expeiente un jowand fOAe wheaeas
Aide aR expenitne an t w c d foe.
hot two funrs ne equal pnokide hene mu exnt
aCosue om he (oil.
T: Ni@A Sin
whne Nz
No.
tu1s ne toil
Iz ( e flowiny Me ccil
Ladi magieh fiud
A Ara ) he coi

hene 8- Go ct all time otatm ao Sin6- Sino =

No
M
T NIRAA
Deteching Toqve
Now G MEADAin9
TUagve
RI
pin T : KK Kestouing Twrque
spaing msta*
Amgvton Dekehim
TU
No uhen pontn stops G+a (etain hosihim m me stale. mea,
Restouing Toseve Dqiecting TOqve
K NIBA
od NRA I
NJ

NBA

hne = hovonemettn
NBA
AY
Cowstunt
Figoe mcit halvanmtt+0>9t ls deyinca ay me tuwea* whith
h4odvrea d kthm m e scole divisim in tme Galv anomen

NSA

Sensithivihy ) halvonometen A
galvenometn s AGrd w be semihive
i t Ahows lunge Stale deylechim evenuwhen Amat (uAAtnt
ts hasred haou
CUMAt smihvity I t is ele ined Hhe ceyethm podured la the
galvonmett pe unit t u en4
JlvWs hivugh #
Is = N&A
 Vo ltage Sensihivit 4 % dyine d Gs mhe dellethm paotlured in he
galvanmete when a nit ho*nhal cil/ereme
i apbicrd ackoss ik ms.

IR K

factos m whith Sesitivity deped Sesihve (an be inheBsed by

inc@sing tme no m N he oi.
No. nas (N) 9 me tei
8y invesing me vatur nagnenic Jiud
2) manchi field
3) Aea A
me coil 3) y inesy me Avta a the toi
Spcoro+ k w Aing9 deuneasi e vole) ApAing ( m t a t
M
Comvensýom 9alvonmeun into 0 mmetn

lo Conv¬Nt 0 G0lvonemeHn ind ammetn o Veay l o vGlved esiatanre

RI
s Connerted i porahet wii me ganonamsten. i s low voved
A SiShunie is known u Ahunt w

n Resistaoe nolvonmett
TU
(uent ftowing m Mouh novunmett
Shun ie sistune
Iz Tottul value wen*
Shwn wime
T-T9 Conhntto win thogh
NJ
Poe ahal (vo Hey e) mains Some in boAalle So

Pote ahal aUS z Poenhial oA0s S

Va Vs
AY
I - Volve shunt
Agoia om es O
h(I-T)s

T Is Ss-

S Volve wwwnt
(Cats)
fechve Pesistune
S+

1/12
 Cmvesim d ho vonmetn ito VoltmetH

10 Conven C Goans met into vottmet by tonechng a high

uesis huart in Avien wih it, he vatye

acy vstrd Auch hat m u Amall (uAnt hasies haoun me
nalvonemc+n.
Ca Pesistue 9avonmet
C u e fostin hroug nolenmet -N
high esistune cmnerted in Senien.
echive uusistance =
R+
Sy dhns law
votage Cunentx Total Resistunre
V
M
=

|Magnchefitd inite G Soknoid

RI
det daaw an Gmpexe
Us oop
Gbed to (oltotote
magnthe ed
TU
iside me Svtenoid
OPPOODPPCCCEEPECEPEEPEEET
Acc. t mbet vhtuital lnv
R.dt= Totu (uxnen
HOUgh (op abtd
NJ
Now,
LEEELEELIEEEEEEEEBLEEL/
o Jdo
&ds- .Gdt tes0' 6 &dt osso odt(ose eu cos 9o
Jas
AY
clt+ o+o +0
Jas Jas

So

Now 0d Mo otut luent huough

whene N i o t a l na ) him muvugh tap okd

de+ Ne, v n s be» un lengh AB

N hen N= n

o n RI disanre>