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    6. Bone Histology

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    bone histology

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    6. Bone Histology

    Uploaded by

    haseebimtiaz829
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    bone histology

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    bone histology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views25 pages

    6. Bone Histology

    Uploaded by

    haseebimtiaz829
    bone histology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 25

    Bone

    Bone (Supportive Connective Tissue)


    • Bone, similar to cartilage, is also a special
    form of connective tissue and consists of cells,
    fibers, and extracellular matrix.
    • Because of mineral deposition in the matrix,
    bones become calcified.
    BONE FUNCTION
    • Support
    • Protection (protect internal organs)
    • Movement (provide leverage system for skeletal
    muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints)
    • Mineral homeostasis (bones act as reserves of
    minerals important for the body like calcium or
    phosphorus)
    • Hematopoiesis: blood cell formation
    • Storage of adipose tissue: yellow marrow
    HISTOLOGY OF BONE
    • Histology of bone tissue
    ➢ 4 cell types make up osseous
    tissue
    ➢ Osteoprogenitor cell
    ➢ Osteoblasts
    ➢ Osteocytes Cells of Bone Tissue
    ➢ Osteoclasts
    ➢ Bone Matrix
    ➢ Cells are surrounded by matrix.
    ➢ bone matrix is calcified or
    mineralized, it is harder than
    cartilage.
    ➢ Bone matrix contains both organic
    and inorganic components. The
    organic components (type I collagen
    fibers) enable bones to resist tension,
    while the mineral components resist
    compression.
    Bone Types

    • Bone is categorised as
    – Compact Bone
    • In long bones, the outer cylindrical part is the dense
    compact bone.

    – Spongy Bone
    • The inner surface of compact bone adjacent to the
    marrow cavity is the spongy (cancellous) bone.
    Histology of Bone Tissue
    • Compact Bone
    – Resists the stresses produced by weight and
    movement
    – Components of compact bone are arranged into
    repeating structural units called osteons or
    Haversian systems
    – Osteons consist of a central (Haversian) canal with
    concentrically arranged lamellae, - lacunae,
    osteocytes, and canaliculi.
    Compact Bone
    • Periosteum consists of dense irregular connective
    tissue.
    – Periosteum is divided into an outer "fibrous layer" and inner
    "osteogenic layer". The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the
    cambium (inner) layer contains progenitor cells that develop into
    osteoblasts.
    • The structural units of a compact bone matrix are the
    osteons.
    – collagen fibers are arranged in thin layers of bone called
    lamellae.
    – The space in the osteon that contains blood vessels and
    nerves is the central (Haversian) Canal.
    – Lacunae with osteocytes and connected via canaliculi are
    found between the lamellae in each osteon.
    Compact Bone
    • Interstitial lamellae ?
    • External circumferential lamellae ?
    • internal circumferential lamellae ?
    • cement line ?
    • perforating (Volkmann’s) canals ?
    Spongy Bone
    • Cancellous bone is composed of numerous
    bony trabeculae (spicule) separated by the
    marrow cavity.
    • Looks like sponge with lots of pore in it.
    • The matrix of trabecular bone is also
    deposited in the form of lamellae. However,
    lamellae in trabecular bone do not form
    Haversian systems.
    • Osteocytes, lacunae and canaliculi in
    trabecular bone resemble those in compact
    bone.
    • Osteoblasts:
    - bone forming cells
    - found on surface of bone (arrow)
    - no ability to divide mitotically
    - Un-mineralized bone matrix
    (Osteoid) secretors
    ➢ Osteoblasts when active forms cubiodal "epithelioid layer“
    with large spherical nucleus at sites of bone deposition.
    They contain plenty of rough endoplasmic reticulum
    (collagen synthesis) and a large Golgi apparatus. As they
    become trapped in the forming bone they differentiate into
    osteocyte.
    ➢ When inactive they become fusiform (Spindle shape).

    • Osteocytes:
    - mature bone cells (Almond shape)
    - derived form osteoblasts
    - do not secrete matrix material
    - cellular duties include exchange of
    nutrients and waste with blood.
    ➢ Osteocytes contain less endoplasmic reticulum and are
    somewhat smaller than osteoblasts.
    • Osteoclasts
    ▪ Multinucleated bone surface Cell
    ▪ bone resorbing cells
    ▪ growth, maintenance and bone
    repair
    ▪ The cell membrane opposite the
    matrix has deep invaginations
    forming a ruffled border.
    ▪ Osteoclasts are often seen within
    the indentations of the bone
    matrix that are formed by their
    activity (resorption bays or
    Howship's lacunae).
    Identify all three types of cells

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