R(7 i d =

(sind ; Rid =si9 0

-costsint sinOrogo

I
costa + sin20 O

REZiORTE 0 ,
·

I
-
sind cost cossing
O
Sin O + cos20
O
O
I

(601
= RRT 1 =

S RT R+=

ds cidth-dx2- dyh-dz2
=

Si

fr% (d- frido

-

Br o

1(x1 :Y) which that -Bredt +Y

means
dx
= =

8 des
I z

= (ds') = ci (dt')) -

(dx112 (dy) (dz')

- -

= (2dth + Brydx2-2BUcdtdx) -

(BEgdt Vidx-2BUcdtdx) + dy"

+ + de

=
A B2) cidt-102-12(2)dx"-dy2-dz
- :

but 22_Bh =

B =
1

c2dth-dxh-dy2 -dzE ds2

2
=>
(ds) =
=

is ds2 is Loventz invariant

2 1
=

AM =
( E ) Light-likee A An
-
> =
0 =
A% -
É 0 = (A
= =
/I (AX = + (A3 + (A72 : A= /El

!
(A0 = 0(Ao VAY)
-

1
Boost in the x-direction > ju =

(A" 1-v21)
-

U(AY VAY)
Gs"
M = -

siv
7 7 E This could be positive or negative
↓
10
S
L
=
Ax AlcosO Acoso
arbitrary
=

Assaming
-
> =
an

=3 A =
AU)1-veoso
Since K VosO since v21 if (1 then 1-vros030 and given 20 , we see that A will always have the same sign as A

Therefore
A will have the same sign in all frames
 before After 2

Em
Wa WarB
~

P() (F
p()
If want the minimum of the cosmic Ec that allows this analyse the
we
process
we
energy ray can

sitation from the COM frame for the eand et .

We see that the minimum Es that allows the reaction world simply "create"
the particles with zero momentam , so as
to minimize Et and E-to Ex =
E--me
.
g -

=
s= (p + Pt)
.
=
me + me + ZE Ex-2 -
p
= me + mê +
2 mame
=
4m > Minimum COM
energy for to
process occur
-

S is conserved and horente invariant, so we can

express for the two photons (and it would be the same as in the Cor frame) :

p
PHOTONS :

S =
(P Publ
+ =
<PCPr
=

LEcEcui-21/Pimilcoso
. For ph we rember that if D then
ppMp (Er (E)
=

Assuming m <
n
=> 0 =
I Ef hoton

= S =
EEmt 21ra =
4Ec EcuB

=>
GEcEcu ? ImE
leVE8 Y
=
Emers .
.
70 ·

S =
mi + mi + 2, bm2 (2 51) .
- s-mi-m =
Imp >
-
(s -mi-mz) =
4m (mi +(p b2)
Ec) mitmt ++ 2 mitphp)
2
S= (E ? + (2 .
52) -
> s= >
-

(s-mi-m2-2(i) 4 (mi+ Pu) (mi + Pin)

>
-
( because in (M += El
>
-
(s-mi-mz)" 4m (mi +(p =
b2) *
Not a 4-momentan

>
-

(s-mi-m2 +
4p-4p(s-mi-mi) = 4 (mi+ Pin) (mi Pan)
+ @

+ 4 -mi-Hummiumpam-- =>

Pus m2(p ab)

2
= > =
,

malp
=
pl =

⑤
 Before
X, Xz
After
~X3P
=
(F)
u - - - -
-

14
P =
( Pr
=

( 2 Pp (E =

EPp)-1 Koso lose

: Ester EstEz =

= +

2 /PIsino-Ipilsinc
P 0 :
=

For photons (5) = E :

Es EPtE + Es + ZEEr-ZEE-ZEzEy Er ①
SEItEnFEstEy & SLEtEn-Es)
= => =

Ezoso letter-Escoso= Este es EPter-rEiEntercoso-LEEzcosO + LErEscosO-Excosta

Eysch y
=S El-En = +

( 0 :
Essino-EysinG Esin20 =
Epsinte = Esin20 =
Esinie ③

②+ Ete-2EntFiegwattzerEgcostes En LO
-IFEz-ZEscos(E -El=E , + ZEEn-ZEEg-2EzEr

ZEiEscosO + zFiEy +rerEglosO + ZEzEs =

4EEr
Es [E, (1-2090) + E2(1 + coso)] =
2EEr
E her
= Xt= x =
~

Hot
=
Xz=M [lso Iso
= X3 =

(x2(l-cos0) + X, (1 + coso]