2-1-organisation-digestion-DZNgVvfPHh68gDDQ

GCSE AQA Biology 2 hours 15 questions
Exam Questions
Organisation:
Digestion
Principles of Organisation / The Stomach / The Human Digestive System / Enzymes
& Metabolism / Required Practical: Enzymes / Enzymes & Digestion / Required
Practical: Food Tests
Easy (5 questions) /37 Scan here for your answers

or visit savemyexams.com
Medium (5 questions) /33
Hard (5 questions) /69
Total Marks /139
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Easy Questions
1 (a) Figure 1 shows four different levels of organisation and a number of descriptions.
Figure 1
Draw one line from each organisation level to the correct description.
(2 marks)
(b) Below are some statements about tissues.
Identify the incorrect statement.
A. A tissue is a group of similar cells.

B. Tissues are often organised together to perform a specific function.
C. Epithelial and muscle are both types of tissue.
D. Tissues only contain one type of cell.
(1 mark)
(c) Table 1 lists some organ systems found in the human body.
Complete the table by listing two organs for each organ system.
Table 1
Organ System Organ
Musculoskeletal system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
(3 marks)
(d) Complete the sentence.
Choose the answer from the box.
Unspecialised cells Organs Organ systems Epithelial tissue
Large multicellular organisms are made up of _____________________.
(1 mark)
2 (a) Figure 2 shows three different tissue types present in the human stomach and a number
of functions.
Figure 2
Draw one line from each tissue type to the correct function.
(2 marks)
(b) Choose which organ of the human body has most of the glucose absorbed into the
bloodstream.
A. Small intestine
B. Large intestine
C. Stomach
D. Pancreas
(1 mark)
(c) Figure 3 shows the organs of the human digestive system.
Figure 3
What is the internal pH of organ X?
A. pH 0
B. pH 1.5 - 2.0
C. pH 7.0 - 7.5
D. pH 11.5 - 12.0
(1 mark)
(d) Explain how the internal pH of the stomach is beneficial.
(3 marks)
3 (a) The pancreas produces a range of enzymes involved in the digestion of food.
Define the term enzyme.
(2 marks)
(b) One of the enzymes that the pancreas produces is amylase.
Which other organs produce amylase?
A. Salivary glands.
B. Stomach.
C. Small intestine.
D. Salivary glands and small intestine.
(1 mark)
(c) Figure 4 shows an enzyme and an associated molecule labelled X that can bind with the
enzyme at location Y.
Figure 4
What are molecule X and location Y known as?
(2 marks)
(d) The 'lock and key hypothesis' is often used as a model to describe the action of enzymes.
Using this model and Figure 4 for help, explain how enzymes work.
(3 marks)
4 (a) Figure 5 shows the effect of temperature on the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
Figure 5
Explain why the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction decreases after point B.
(2 marks)
(b) A scientist investigated how the digestive enzyme amylase breaks down starch into the
sugar maltose.
He added the enzyme to a solution of starch and measured the concentration of starch
every 10 minutes.
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Time (min) Concentration of starch ( mg cm -3 )
0 17.2
10 11.1
20 7.2
30 5.3
40 4.2
Rate of reaction can be calculated using the following equation:
mass of starch broken down

Rate of reaction =
time taken
Calculate the average rate of the reaction between 0 and 20 minutes.
(3 marks)
(c) Bile is a secretion that helps with digestion.
Which of the following statements about bile are correct?
1. Emulsifies fats.
2. Enzymes in bile help digest food.
3. Helps to provide the optimum pH.
4. Is acidic.
A. 1 & 2
B. 1 & 3
C. 1 & 4
D. 2 & 3
(1 mark)
(d) Figure 6 shows the organs of the human digestive system.
Figure 6
Bile is produced by organ X
Name organ X.
(1 mark)
5 (a) Which reaction does the enzyme protease catalyse?
A. Lipids to fatty acids.

B. Starch to maltose.
C. Proteins to amino acids.
D. Lipids to glycerol.
(1 mark)
(b) During the digestive process, digestive enzymes break down larger molecules into
smaller molecules such as amino acids, fatty acids and simple sugars like glucose.
Suggest what the body does with the products of digestion.
(2 marks)
(c) A student used the following method to identify what type of food molecule was present
in a sample of food.
1. Prepare food sample by breaking food up with a pestle and mortar.
2. Add some distilled water and stir the mixture.
3. Add a few drops of iodine solution and gently shake.
4. Observe for any colour change.
Which food substance were they testing for?
(2 marks)
(d) Table 3 shows a list of positive and negative results for some tests that can be used to
detect the presence of food substances.
Table 3
Test reagent Substance being tested Result if positive Result if negative
Purple Blue
Blue/black Orange/brown
Green/orange/red Blue
Complete the empty cells in Table 3 listing the test reagent and substance being tested.
(3 marks)
Medium Questions
1 (a) Salivary amylase is produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth, where starch is broken down into maltose
by salivary amylase.
The effect of changing pH and temperature on the digestion of starch was investigated
by a group of students. The results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2 below.
Table 1 - effect of pH
pH Time taken to digest starch in minutes
3.0 38
4.0 26
5.0 17
6.0 13
7.0 7
8.0 8
Table 2 - effect of temperature
Temperature in •C Time taken to digest starch in minutes
10 20
20 14
30 11
40 6
50 12
60 23
A student reads the following statement on the internet:
‘The main site for carbohydrate digestion is the small intestine.’
One of the students states that salivary amylase must be responsible for digesting starch
in the small intestine. The student is incorrect.
Explain why this is the case, using information from Table1.
(3 marks)
(b) Explain how temperature affects digestion using the results shown in Table 2.
(3 marks)
(c) A second form of amylase, pancreatic amylase, is responsible for continued

carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine.
Explain how the digestion of food by enzymes in the intestine is not inhibited by the acid
produced in the stomach.
(2 marks)
2 (a) Figure 1 below shows the human digestive system.
Figure 1
Carbohydrates are digested into sugars.
Write word equations to illustrate two other enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions that
occur in the digestive system.
(2 marks)
(b) The cells lining the stomach continually produce mucus; this mucus forms a protective
layer. Gastric infections with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori can cause stomach ulcers,
painful sores in the lining of the stomach.
All species have adaptations that allow them to survive in their environment.
Suggest one such adaptation for Helicobacter pylori.
(1 mark)
(c) A stomach ulcer can result from damage to the wall of the stomach due to exposure to
acid.
Suggest how a stomach ulcer might develop in an individual with a Helicobacter pylori
infection.
(2 marks)
(d) Crohn’s disease is a disorder of the digestive system. One of factors contributing to
Crohn’s disease is an individual's immune system attacking the lining of the intestines,
leading to inflammation. Symptoms depend upon the severity and location of
inflammation.
Individuals with unmanaged Crohn’s tend to lose weight.
Suggest a reason why.
(2 marks)
3 (a) The liver has many roles in the body.
As well as detoxifying a number of substances, the liver also produces bile, a yellowish-
brown fluid that is stored in the gallbladder.
One of the main components of bile is bilirubin.
The liver produces this yellow-brown pigment when it breaks down haemoglobin
released from broken down red blood cells.
Explain how red blood cells transport oxygen from the alveoli to other parts of the body.
(4 marks)
(b) The liver is also responsible for producing much of the body’s cholesterol.
If levels of cholesterol in the body are too high, there is a risk that solid ‘gallstones’ may
form in the liquid bile.
The gallbladder is connected to the small intestine by a narrow duct (tube) which can
become blocked by these gallstones.
It is not uncommon for individuals with gallstones to form very pale faeces.
Suggest why.
(2 marks)
(c) One form of cholesterol found in the blood is LDL.
Suggest the consequences of an individual having too high a level of LDL cholesterol in
their blood.
(3 marks)
4 (a) A group of students wanted to investigate the effect that temperature has on the activity
of pepsin, a protease.
They used the following method:
1. Put 4 cm3 of 1% protein solution into a boiling tube.
2. Put 4 cm3 of pepsin solution into a second boiling tube.
3. Put both boiling tubes into a water bath at 20 °C.
4. After 4 minutes, add the pepsin solution to the protein solution together in one
boiling tube, mixing together with a stirring rod.
5. After 20 seconds, add a drop of the mixture to a drop of Biuret solution in one well
of a spotting tile.
6. Repeat step 5 until the Biuret solution no longer changes colour.
7. Repeat steps 1 – 6 at 10 °C (using an ice water bath), 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C.
Why did the student leave the protein and pepsin solutions in the water bath for 4
minutes in step 3?
(1 mark)
(b) The temperature of the human body is 37 °C.
Figure 2 below shows the incomplete results of the experiment.
Complete the diagram in Figure 2 to show the results you would expect at 30 °C and at
40 °C
You should write a tick or a cross in each well of the spotting tile.
Figure 2
(1 mark)
(c) There are other ways to investigate the breakdown of protein by pepsin.
The concentration of protein present in the solution every 20 seconds can be measured
using a colorimeter.
What are the advantages of using this method rather than the method used by the
students?
(2 marks)
5 (a) In a colorimeter, the amount of light that cannot pass through a solution is measured;
giving the ‘absorbance’ of a solution.
The graph in Figure 3 below shows a calibration curve of concentration of protein versus
absorbance.
Figure 3
An experiment was carried out to investigate the activity of a protease on a 1% protein

solution.
The absorbance at 30 °C was 0.8 arbitrary units after 20 seconds.
Using the calibration curve, estimate the final concentration of protein in this solution
after 20 seconds?
(1 mark)
(b) The concentration of protein in the solution at 10 °C after 1 minute is different from the
concentration at 30 °C after 1 minute.
Explain why.
(2 marks)
(c) The student repeated the experiment but incubated the protease and 1% protein
solution at 80 °C
The absorbance was measured at approximately 1.14 arbitary units.
Suggest a reason for this result.
(2 marks)
Hard Questions
1 (a) A student drew the diagram shown in Figure 1 under a title which said "An organ"
Figure 1
Suggest whether the student is correct to label the diagram in this way, justify your
answer.
(2 marks)
(b) Explain why an artery could be considered an organ but a capillary cannot.
(2 marks)
(c) Blood can be considered to be a tissue.
Explain why.
(2 marks)
(d) Mechanisms exist in the human body to ensure that the core body temperature remains
constant at 37 °C.
Explain why this is important.
(4 marks)
2 (a) Describe the function of structure X shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2
(4 marks)
(b) A student noticed that chewing rice or potatoes for a long time resulted in a sweet taste
developing in the mouth.
Explain why this is.
(3 marks)
(c) Explain why an enzyme only catalyses one reaction.
(4 marks)
(d) The small intestine is the main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the human
body.
Describe how the small intestine is adapted for its function.
(6 marks)
3 (a) Describe the digestion of starch in the human body.
(4 marks)
(b) When calculating the rate of an enzyme-controlled reaction, which of the following would
be the most suitable unit of measurement?
A. g cm-3 mmol-1
B. sec-1
C. mg cm-3 min-1
D. mol/L
(1 mark)
(c) Figure 3 shows the activity of three different digestive enzymes across a range of pH's.
Figure 3
Using information from Figure 3, explain where in the human digestive tract enzymatic
digestion of protein starts.
(4 marks)
(d) Explain the effects of pH on amylase, use Figure 3 to support your answer.
(6 marks)
4 (a) Describe a suitable method to investigate the effect of pH on the time taken for amylase
to digest starch.
You don't need to include a risk assessment in your method.
(6 marks)
(b) A group of students investigated the effect that pH has on the activity of amylase.
Their results are shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
Calculate the rate of reaction (amount of starch digested) at pH 7.0.
Use the equation:
100
Rate =
time
(3 marks)
(c) Figure 5 shows the organs of the human digestive system.
Figure 5
Some people may need to have organ Y removed, but can still lead a normal life.
Suggest why people can still lead a normal life without organ Y.
(3 marks)
(d) In some cases, people who have organ Y removed (see Figure 5) may need to adjust
their diet and avoid certain foods.
Suggest why.
(2 marks)
5 (a) A student would like to test a sample of food to show which biological molecules are
present.
Describe how the student should prepare the food sample ready for testing.
(3 marks)
(b) A food testing lab was sent four samples of food to test, they carried out some simple
tests using chemical reagents.
The results are shown in Table 1 where '+' represents a positive result and '-' represents
a negative result.
Table 1
Sample Benedict Biuret Sudan III Iodine
1 + – – –
2 – + + –
3 + + + –
4 – _ – +
The lab concluded that one of the samples was honey.
Using the results in Table 1, explain which sample was most likely to be honey.
(3 marks)
(c) One of the samples tested by the lab in part (b) was identified to be coconut milk.
Figure 6 shows a nutrition facts label from a packet of coconut milk which lists all the
nutritional information.
Figure 6
Table 2 shows the visual observation and result for an iodine test of the sample of
coconut milk.
Table 2
Reagent used Visual observation positive or negative
Iodine Orange –
Benedict's
Biuret
Sudan III
Complete Table 2 using the information from the nutrition facts label in Figure 6
(3 marks)
(d) Many people make claims on the health benefits of consuming coconut milk and say it
should form a major component of your diet.
Explain why people should be careful of consuming too much coconut milk. Use the
information in the nutrition facts label in Figure 6 to support your answer.
(4 marks)

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GCSE AQA Biology 2 hours 15 questions

Easy (5 questions) /37 Scan here for your answers

Hard (5 questions) /69

Total Marks /139

(b) Below are some statements about tissues.

Identify the incorrect statement.

A. A tissue is a group of similar cells.

Organ System Organ

(d) Complete the sentence.

Choose the answer from the box.

Unspecialised cells Organs Organ systems Epithelial tissue

Large multicellular organisms are made up of _____________________.

(c) Figure 3 shows the organs of the human digestive system.

What is the internal pH of organ X?

(d) Explain how the internal pH of the stomach is beneficial.

Define the term enzyme.

(b) One of the enzymes that the pancreas produces is amylase.

Which other organs produce amylase?

What are molecule X and location Y known as?

Explain why the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction decreases after point B.

The results are shown in Table 2.

Rate of reaction can be calculated using the following equation:

mass of starch broken down

Calculate the average rate of the reaction between 0 and 20 minutes.

Which of the following statements about bile are correct?

2. Enzymes in bile help digest food.

3. Helps to provide the optimum pH.

(d) Figure 6 shows the organs of the human digestive system.

Bile is produced by organ X

A. Lipids to fatty acids.

Suggest what the body does with the products of digestion.

1. Prepare food sample by breaking food up with a pestle and mortar.

2. Add some distilled water and stir the mixture.

3. Add a few drops of iodine solution and gently shake.

4. Observe for any colour change.

Which food substance were they testing for?

Test reagent Substance being tested Result if positive Result if negative

pH Time taken to digest starch in minutes

Table 2 - effect of temperature

A student reads the following statement on the internet:

‘The main site for carbohydrate digestion is the small intestine.’

Explain why this is the case, using information from Table1.

(c) A second form of amylase, pancreatic amylase, is responsible for continued

Carbohydrates are digested into sugars.

Suggest one such adaptation for Helicobacter pylori.

Individuals with unmanaged Crohn’s tend to lose weight.

Suggest a reason why.

One of the main components of bile is bilirubin.

(c) One form of cholesterol found in the blood is LDL.

They used the following method:

1. Put 4 cm3 of 1% protein solution into a boiling tube.

2. Put 4 cm3 of pepsin solution into a second boiling tube.

3. Put both boiling tubes into a water bath at 20 °C.

6. Repeat step 5 until the Biuret solution no longer changes colour.

7. Repeat steps 1 – 6 at 10 °C (using an ice water bath), 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C.

(b) The temperature of the human body is 37 °C.

Figure 2 below shows the incomplete results of the experiment.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the activity of a protease on a 1% protein

The absorbance at 30 °C was 0.8 arbitrary units after 20 seconds.

The absorbance was measured at approximately 1.14 arbitary units.