A Review Analysis on Using "AIED" to Improve Student Engagement in Hybrid

Education

DR. ABID ALI HASHMI

Project Director Gulab Devi Educational Complex, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.

Email: [email protected]

Abstract
Hybrid learning is a sophisticated blend of in-person and online learning. This concept mixes
multimedia assets with traditional classroom activities. Hybrid learning combines virtual and in-
person approaches. The goal of the study is to improve student engagement in hybrid learning
settings by utilizing artificial intelligence (AI). Maintaining students' interest and motivation is
becoming more difficult for educators as online and hybrid learning gain traction. A lot of
educational institutions find these models intriguing because they provide peer-to-peer
connection, flexibility, and student-teacher involvement. AI can address problems in education
by enhancing student collaboration, communication, and real-time feedback. The advantages and
disadvantages of hybrid learning are examined in this article, along with the most effective
methods for integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into learning settings. AI has the power to
revolutionize hybrid learning by fostering a more engaged learning environment and giving
teachers and students greater autonomy..

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, interactive learning, hybrid education, online teaching, and
student involvement
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The examination of the subject area introduction
The growing acceptance of online learning has prompted concerns about its efficacy. Despite
taking other variables into consideration, systematic study in domestic science has not yet
concentrated on preparing students for online learning. The COVID-19 epidemic has expedited
the process of digitizing society and education, resulting in the extensive global acceptance of
many online learning modes. Zancajo, A., Verger, A., and Bolea, P. suggested that in order to
address crisis-related difficulties, fundamental policy adjustments are necessary. [1]. Moorhouse
and Wong suggest a strategy acknowledging how digital technologies might change academic
activity. Some say that using tools like synchronous and asynchronous interaction platforms,
Academic norms have changed as a result of learning management systems, online education,
and Internet resources. Rather, they advocate for digital learning, especially via the Internet. This
tactic encourages teachers to use digital resources to produce innovative lessons and adjust to
how technology advancements are transforming the educational landscape. [2].
What is the Hybrid Educational Model?
In hybrid courses, synchronous and asynchronous teaching modalities are combined for students
who learn online and those who learn offline. With hybrid learning, students can plan and
complete their education on their own. With hybrid learning, students can choose their method
and style of instruction. Blended learning, another name for hybrid education, blends online and
in-person instruction. For optimum effects, it blends online and in-person instruction. Online and
in-person instruction are both components of hybrid education. This modifies education to
accommodate students' needs and preferences. Students who receive hybrid education have
improved technical and digital literacy. Interactive modules, simulations, films, and assessments
are all part of online learning platforms. Students can learn and edit on their own with these
tools. Student participation and active learning are encouraged by hybrid education. Discussion
boards, surveys, and online tests encourage community and student participation. Digital media
enables teachers to measure student progress and provide rapid feedback, resulting in
individualized teaching and help. Hybrid education can suit more student needs. It helps students
with diverse learning styles, skill levels, and physical limitations. Hybrid education enables
teachers to adjust lessons, tailor curriculum to student needs, and provide additional assistance.
For the United Nations' sustainable development objective for 2030, a high-quality education is
necessary. It aims to provide inclusive, high-quality education to everyone. This kind of
technological development has completely transformed education. They work together to create
information, mentor, evaluate, and share expertise. Students' lives have been made easier by
educational technology [3]. Tan, S. claims that the fast developing subject of artificial
intelligence in education (AIEd) has the potential to drastically change teaching and learning.
Despite the fact that the "AIEd" has been around for almost thirty years, educators are still
unsure of how to make the most of its pedagogical benefits and enhance education [4]. This
study means to clear up misguided judgments in regards to man-made reasoning (artificial
intelligence), society's belongings, and uses of man-made intelligence in training. Garca-Pealvo
claims that F. J., defining AI and distinguishing it from human intelligence is the first step. The
open student model by configuration is a system that might be utilized to further develop
instructing and getting the hang of utilizing simulated intelligence [5]. (See diagram 1) Schooling
has seen critical reception of computerized innovation, bringing about emotional forward leaps.
In the 1970s, Dr. Skoll introduced the first intelligent learning system, or computer-aided
instruction, into the educational system in the United States. Alan M. Collins and Carbonell,
Jaime Artificial intelligence has been utilized in education since [6]. Computer-based projects
have the potential to significantly alter the education sector, despite the fact that we haven't yet
seen any humanoid teachers in a classroom. Artificial intelligence (AI) can help education in
these ways. Students can experiment with AI without fear of ridicule.
  AI educators' development plans have greater consequences beyond only student
learning.
 Students may learn from their mistakes, and so can AI systems.
 AI is a wonderful tool for personalized training.
 Students receive personalized learning plans based on their prior performance and
specific needs.

According to Guerrero R. et al., artificial intelligence can enhance student-teacher

communication. This enables them to get prompt feedback on their tasks and exercises [7]. It is
uncomfortable for many pupils to fail or to know the answer ahead of time. Even though learning
by doing is a process that requires trial and error. AI offers students a unique way to explore and
learn. According to Krenn et al., when processing power and AI developments improve, a natural
concern arises. The challenge is how sophisticated computer systems, notably artificial
intelligence (AI), can contribute to or obtain new scientific knowledge independently [8].

Figure 1: AI and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

1.2 AIED Inspiration and Hybrid Education

Zheng suggests that an adaptable instructional strategy is necessary to accommodate varying
student readiness, learning styles, and individual interests (9). The goal of integrating AI into
hybrid learning is to produce individualized and adaptable educational opportunities. Wei, X., et
al. claim that AI technology may be utilized to develop customized online learning resource
recommendation systems that would let students access pertinent content while lowering the
risks associated with exploration [10]. AI may provide personalized recommendations for
learning resources, feedback, and progress tracking based on student requirements and
preferences. Integrating AI into hybrid education aims to improve learning efficiency and
efficacy.
AI can automate grading and evaluation, allowing educators to focus on personalized and
engaging education. According to Dhara et al., AI can help analyze student course participation
and interests more effectively. This will help the school categorize pupils based on their
performance levels, identifying the most gifted and likely to succeed, as well as those who may
struggle. Identifying pupils allows for targeted attention and improved performance [11]. AI can
help instructors uncover student data and performance trends, allowing them to act and address
issues before they escalate. AI can help overcome educational access gaps by increasing student
independence and accessibility. Combining in-person and online learning, hybrid education
enables students to study rapidly and autonomously.
AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can aid pupils without access to traditional
classrooms. AI can expand educational opportunities by improving cross-cultural and cross-
linguistic communication. AI-powered translation solutions enable students from diverse
linguistic backgrounds to collaborate and study together, reducing obstacles and creating a more
inclusive learning environment. Wael Alharbi claims that the creation of new electronic writing
tools has been made possible by recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI). Writing
assistance programs provide text creation and sentence completion suggestions that are human-
like, supporting authors and students both during and after the writing process (12). AI improves
student learning by making it more individualized, adaptable, effective, accessible, and inclusive.
Teachers may concentrate on engaging instruction by using AI to track student progress, give
personalized recommendations, and provide feedback.
AI can assist in removing barriers to education and fostering intercultural and interlingual
dialogue (see Figure 2).

.
 Figure 2: AI's Significant Role in Education

Proponents of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) point to its efficiency and

democratization, while detractors warn of industrialization and alienation in the classroom [13].
Schiff D. thinks that AIEd has the capacity to upend the current system. Teachers still have a
significant impact on schooling, but their roles may change as technology progresses and
intelligent computing systems become more prevalent. AI systems might eventually replace
teachers for essential course content. These platforms can offer specialized information and serve
as a venue for students to ask questions and debate relevant subjects. AI will function as a
facilitator, replacing the teaching job. Teachers are essential to the development of human
interactions, AI-driven learning, and helping pupils overcome challenges. According to Ahmad
et al., artificial intelligence has an impact on a wide range of societal issues, including education.
Technological improvements have led to increased incorporation of technology in education in
several countries, like Singapore [14]. AI may help instructors and students create personalized
courses and offer feedback on class effectiveness. However, educating students to cooperate with
AI is still a tough aim. To improve our understanding of how to create collaborative learning
activities in schools using AI technology, more research is required. After conducting in-depth
interviews with ten prominent Korean instructors in AI in Education (AIED), Kim, Lee, and
Cho, Y.H. discovered that the best learning objectives for teachers were improvement in subject-
matter knowledge and capacity. This was discovered while doing study.

Multidisciplinary education, real problem-solving, innovative tasks, and performance

assessments emphasizing process and cooperation can promote active learning [15]. According
to Khan I. et al., teachers confront a significant issue in tracking students' academic progress in
each course. Teachers can provide additional help to kids who struggle academically. Today's
educational institutions acquire extensive data about pupils from various sources. Despite this,
institutions are always exploring innovative methods to use data to improve education quality
and reputation [16]. AI systems monitor student development and alert teachers to any
performance issues. AI systems provide pupils with the help they seek. They help teachers find
ways to improve student instruction. According to Cameras, Petros, and Sylvester Arnab,
instructors should get a greater grasp of how AI can help them create, visualize, and orchestrate
AI-enabled learning. This will encourage the adoption of AI systems that embody pedagogy,
domain, and learner models through data-driven inferences (17).
Beyond the essential elements of education, these programs can enhance their capacity to foster
creativity and higher-order thinking skills. These objectives might be accomplished by AI-based
educators. Science fiction has given way to reality with advanced learning systems thanks to
rapid technological breakthroughs..
It might be difficult to grade student assignments and exams. This takes up valuable time that
could be used for student interaction, class preparation, or professional development. Even
though AI can't completely replace human grading just yet, it is becoming better all the time.
With AI, teachers may fill in the blanks and automate grading for every option available.
Kandula Neha claims that artificial intelligence (AI) is almost ready to take the place of human
grading. It could be necessary to update automatic grading and fill-in-the-blank tests. Scores for
different multiple-choice questions can be adjusted by academics [18]. While function
approximation techniques have been tried in traditional classroom settings, research is now being
done to determine how virtual learning environments affect engineering students' grades [19].

2. Literature Review
We gathered a selection of pertinent articles and resources on educational technology in order to
examine current trends in Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd). Every article examines
how artificial intelligence (AI) and cutting-edge tools like chatbots might improve instructional
techniques in hybrid learning environments. Comprehensive insights were provided by the
analysis of scholarly papers and important research. Academic databases such as Scopus, Web of
Science, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched by us. The keywords searched for are
"hybrid education," "artificial intelligence in education," "chatbots in education," "AI-enabled
learning," along with "virtual reality in education." To make sure the material was current, the
search was limited to items that had been published in the last five years.
The inclusion requirements were satisfied by articles discussing the application of virtual reality,
chatbots, or artificial intelligence in hybrid education, as well as how these technologies affect
student results and learning approaches. Articles that addressed other topics or did not offer
substantial new information about the objectives of the study were not eligible. Every item that
was supplied was carefully examined to obtain pertinent data. Using AI for tailored learning,
using chatbots as instructional assistants, and using virtual reality in hybrid learning
environments are just a few of the subtopics that the research discovered. The conclusions of the
review were arranged and presented in relation to these subtopics. A detailed assessment and
synthesis of extant studies were conducted to identify patterns, trends, and topics for further
exploration.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of AI-enabled learning approaches in hybrid
education, highlighting possible benefits and challenges associated with their implementation.
The review's shortcomings include depending on past research, which may only cover recent
breakthroughs in the subject. The review focused only on academic journal articles, potentially
overlooking relevant grey literature and unpublished studies. Despite limitations, this systematic
study provides useful insights into applying AI and new technology in blended learning
environments. The results provide new insights into how these technologies might enhance
teaching methods and provide directions for future study in this quickly developing sector.
The articles were chosen based on how well they addressed AI in education, hybrid learning, and
online learning. Essays on the usage of chatbots and intelligent tutoring systems, the advantages
and disadvantages of AI in education, the impact of digital technologies on academic practices,
and the incorporation of VR and AR in hybrid education are all covered. Since the articles
offered a variety of perspectives, justifications, and suggestions on the matter, a qualitative
analysis was conducted on them. The authors of the themes support their claims with their
opinions, theories, and empirical evidence. Analyzing the data at hand and the findings of the
research may entail doing case studies, reviewing the literature, and drawing conclusions. The
essay examines the advantages and drawbacks of online and hybrid learning, as well as the
applications of chatbots, AI, VR, and AR in the classroom. The article discusses the most recent
findings and how they might affect methods of instruction and learning. The author's views and
opinions were probably combined with the facts that were provided to generate the article's
conclusions. It's possible that the authors' choices were influenced by the discussion and findings
of the piece. They also examined the broader ramifications and opportunities for education
research and practice.

3. Responsive Learning Platforms

According to Costa et al., educational technology can improve a number of learning processes.
The popularity of online learning is rising. Learning analytics profiles learners' performance,
styles, and habits in real time by analyzing online learning videos. For individualized and
adaptive learning, the organization supports software development, online learning, and
educational research [20]. With the use of adaptive learning, educators and learners can
customize instruction to meet each person's needs. These days, adaptive learning frequently
refers to flexible Education systems use real-time technology to give pupils individualized
support. Student data served as the basis for the design. ICT use in education, particularly with
regard to learning management systems, produces a substantial amount of data about the
academic activities of teachers and students, according to Gómez-P. et al. These data are
important for more reasons than merely their quantity and variety, but also for their association
with the behaviors and results of educational actors [21]. Platforms monitor students' progress
and tailor their learning experiences based on their needs by utilizing data analytics and machine
learning algorithms.
Depending on each student's learning style and performance level, the system can adjust the
course's material, pace, and difficulty level. The automated components span the entire lifecycle
of In order to keep course participants interested, we develop instructional materials, plan the
learning experience, and employ a sophisticated platform. A smart medium, according to
Finogeev et al., is a system that provides training materials, controls learning procedures, and
handles content. It should include standards, an employer-specific analytical system, a web
system, a knowledge evaluation system, and a learning activity management system. This entire
system provides assistance all the way through.

Personalized programs and electronic learning resources are part of lifelong specialized training
[22]. One important component of the system is its ability to assess students' prior knowledge
and adjust instructional tactics based on their unique needs. Students can improve their
knowledge performance by concentrating on important information and processing it correctly
inside the assessment system, according to Alzahrani, F. K., and Alhalafawy, W. S. To better
understand how students modify their approaches to meet the requirements of assessment
preparation activities, more study is required [23]. Zhong, Z. asserts that it's critical to mentor
students when they use internet resources for self-directed learning and communication. This
entails integrating online and offline learning, enhancing learning that occurs during and after
class, and encouraging practice, reform, and investigation.
Students' educational experiences are influenced by their present knowledge, motivation, and
pace of learning. In adaptive learning, students who regularly demonstrate mastery by
completing many tasks without mistakes are presented with more demanding and complicated
assignments. However, if the answer might have been better, students would need to repeat their
efforts on smaller projects. The adaptation model guides adaptive learning by determining what
and how to change for each student. There are two primary sources for this information:

 The investigated issue's themes, projects, and connections are all included in the domain
model. You can connect and create a flow between different fields thanks to the
technology.
 The learner's prior knowledge, learning style (including making mistakes and finishing
assignments quickly), and personal qualities (such as preferences and motivation) are all
taken into consideration in the student model.

Products that adapt can vary. Classified by Pearson [24].

Content:
Where does student feedback influence the customization of the material? Errors offer
suggestions or breakdown skills. It slows down learning. Contacting the instructor might be
suggested by the system. The most difficult adaptation strategy is scaffolding.
Testing:
The subsequent question becomes more difficult if a student correctly answers. It is easy to
Commit errors. The researchers at Pearson make a distinction between "practical" and "level"
tests, which are given after a particular module or block [24].

Material Accommodation Request: It's the most many-sided. While the learner is interacting
with the learning material, they record and process data. The system uses data analysis to provide
students with relevant content.

4. Changing Learning:
Leveraging AI, AR, and VR to Enhance Learning Methodologies
AIED studies the potential benefits of AI for education and learning. In AIED, teaching and
learning have changed recently due to AI models. In order to identify learning preferences,
styles, and individualized lesson plans, AI systems may examine behavior and performance data
from students. Learning and student results rise as a result. Another application of AI in
education is intelligent tutoring systems. With the help of AI-powered solutions, students may
learn complicated ideas at their own pace and receive individualized feedback. By employing
machine learning algorithms to adapt to student requests, these systems enhance learning.
According to Deeva G. et al., students' learning and development depend heavily on receiving
real-time feedback from instructors or supervisors. Unfortunately, due to a lack of readily
available resources, providing personalized feedback in real time is frequently unachievable.
Recent developments in technology have resulted in the development of computer tutoring
systems that can offer students customized feedback in a variety of settings and circumstances
[25]. It's interesting how AIED uses AI models to examine big information and improve student
learning. The analysis of student behavior, performance, and engagement by AI models can
result in the development of novel teaching strategies and resources [26-28].
 Chatbots and educational activities

Students can get assistance from AI-powered assistants with course-related queries, such
identifying a resource or providing clarification on a subject. The ability of chatbots to
comprehend and react to human intent is what makes them fundamentally valuable [29]. A
chatbot is a conversational interface that makes it possible for people and businesses to engage in
positive ways. A change in knowledge is made possible by computer-aided learning systems,
which offer a dynamic classroom environment. Nonetheless, modern students feel at ease in a
variety of classroom configurations.
By presenting context, offering templates or detailed instructions, and limiting interactions to
reduce issue space, new technological systems can aid in students' learning. These systems may
monitor and organize learning processes, providing timely advice and feedback. The chatbot
utilizes this recognition to retrieve the desired information. Understanding the user's inquiry is
crucial for providing an appropriate response [30].

Real-time communication between users and services is made possible by chatbots, which can
either replace or enhance conventional user interfaces like web pages and applications. Computer
programs known as "bots" can understand human language and respond to questions from kids.
Questions. There are other ways to respond, like sending in a video, displaying a picture, buying
something, or scheduling a meeting. Chatbots have a lot to offer the educational field.This
service is only available at the most expensive schools worldwide. Chatbots can be used to teach
beginner courses [31]. The goal is for chatbots to become virtual advisers for students and learn
to cater to their needs.

Their advice applies to all ability levels. They tailor their study habits to meet their demands.
Chatbots are increasingly being used as vertical teachers, engaging with individual students. This
allows for face-to-face communication and an improved understanding of the issues at hand.
Chatbots are one sort of virtual assistant. Chatbots can provide comments on students' written
work, including quizzes and assignments.
ChatBots and Learning
According to Kuhail, M.A. et al., messaging systems enhance learning by enabling students to
get responses more quickly. The amount of time teachers can devote to helping with
extracurricular activities is restricted. Chatbots save teachers and online course instructors time
by providing 24/7 accessibility and ease of usage [34]. Let's look at the advantages of putting an
educational chatbot into use. It is essential to have a FAQ section in the chatbot's menu to
respond to frequently asked questions from various courses. Students can learn about unplanned
webinars, internships, timetable changes, and more from the chatbot. This will let you oversee
the learning process, guarantee that students receive the necessary resources on schedule, and
offer assistance with any issues that may arise. Students can receive homework and deadline
reminders via online chatbots. This keeps them on the go. More study is needed to examine the
effectiveness of evidence-based chatbot-learner interaction design tactics used in education.
 Chatbots and Interaction
Creating a chatbot can help remove potential students' fears about online universities. Using the
bot can help you satisfy students' expectations and increase service quality by responding to all
their queries. This will reduce the number of trainees who drop out midway through their
program. Emailing academics differ from texting them. Educational bots, as well as interactions
with family and friends, may bring people closer together. Maintain contact with students to
boost involvement. Chatbots, in the opinion of Lee, YF. Hwang, GJ., and Chen, PY, facilitate the
collection of student feedback. In order to improve learning, the program concentrates on
answering important issues by obtaining input on the online course platform, lesson grades, and
class perceptions [35]. By assisting students in better understanding the course material, chatbots
increase student engagement. The chatbot will read the material, provide details on the resources
and parts of the system, and assist students in making decisions if they have any questions.
4.1 ChatGPT in the Teaching Environment and Learning Activities

A pre-trained language model called ChatGPT converses with users via dialogue. A dialogue-
based chatbot for human-to-human communication was created by Open AI. Open AI
technologies, like chatbots, have the potential to significantly enhance human lives, claims
Bharati Rathore. Tasks are automated by chatbots, improving usability, productivity, and
communication. AI-human communication has improved because to OpenAI's Chat Generative
Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT). Natural language processing and automatic text synthesis
are made possible by ChatGPT, which may enhance human-machine interactions [36]. Since its
launch in November 2022, ChatGPT's user base and popularity have expanded quickly.. This
network connects millions of libraries, including books, websites, and other resources, to help
users with their questions. This tool's popularity stems from its user-friendly interface,
interaction, and effectiveness in resolving common issues. According to Halaweh, M., educators
have expressed concerns about implementing ChatGPT in educational settings since its public
release. In summary, it spares students time, effort, and money that they may use for learning,
teaching, or research. Users can efficiently read several files for study and teaching with
ChatGPT.
Users can study, translate documents, ask questions, and work through arithmetic problems on
the website. With ChatGPT, candidates for the Certified Public Accountant (CPA) credential
may access a wealth of resources and learn at their own speed. ChatGPT facilitates the
organization of enormous files into coherent paragraphs, enhancing students' comprehension and
reading skills. The primary unresolved issue regarding ChatGPT at universities is how it is
currently being used. Sooner or later, AI will be taken for granted. Students might therefore run
across difficulties that make it difficult for them to apply AI in their solutions. Based on what
Hargreaves and Stuart say, ChatGPT is a powerful large-language model that can provide high-
quality replies that meet plagiarism detection standards.

Critics argue that online examinations in higher education might lead to increased cheating.
Hargreaves and Stuart (2023) suggest techniques instructors might use to help students build
responsible and ethical technology usage abilities. ChatGPT and other AI technologies are
transforming course delivery techniques, making it impossible to ignore their impact. Currently,
educational institutions utilize student assessment and grading systems [38]. Students may use
AI in academic settings to acquire new abilities and enhance their work. This article focuses on
university teachers and administrators who strive to adapt to the changing times.
The GPT-4 algorithm is used by ChatGPT, the most modern version with an intuitive user
interface. Large language models (LLM) have showed tremendous potential in processing text
data in diverse domains with zero-shot in-context learning, especially for privacy protection, as
confirmed by Liu, Z. et al. [39]. These models include ChatGPT and GPT-4. Though relatively
new to the public, some educators and supervisors have been successfully experimenting with
this technology for a few years [40]. Rather than making writing easier, the intention is to make
it more difficult. We are forced by trials to reevaluate our conception of writing and to stop
taking it for granted. Even if it takes more work, students must actively participate in the process.
Over time, technology has had a huge impact on schooling. Technology has improved access to
materials for students and educators, but it has also led to more inequities and distractions in the
classroom. Technology is a permanent part of learning, and innovations are always being added.
ChatGPT can help students improve their editing abilities while studying.

ChatGPT is an application that makes use of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate text based on
the needs of the user. Like a writing assistant, this tool can help students create sentences and
paragraphs rather than just fixing grammatical and spelling errors. ChatGPT is the best tool for
writing essays. and other items. Abid Haleem and Mohd Javaid draw attention to the bot's
limitations in terms of its capacity to respond to queries in a relevant and convincing manner.
The method suggests that the program creates and analyzes text using deep learning. The
interpretation of natural language by the model is improved by internet data [42]. The artificial
intelligence known as ChatGPT has the power to completely transform education. Although the
effects of AI on education are unknown, it is anticipated that the benefits will exceed the
drawbacks. Teachers and authorities are concerned that students may use ChatGPT to compose
assignments and papers and claim credit for the AI work. This poses ethical and plagiarism
concerns, particularly because we still need to establish that the work was completed by the AI
rather than the student. ChatGPT may be useful for creating real assessments. However, the
teacher should create and conduct a relevant review for their class. The program's functioning
relies on deep learning, allowing it to accurately adjust based on previously entered information
and mistakes generated by large data to meet criteria.
4.2 Issues and disadvantages associated with using ChatGPT in education
This study emphasizes the necessity for extra human support for students who would rather
interact with people and for challenging or private issues. One of the most obvious drawbacks of
this research, according to CŇerný, Michal, is the need for extra human assistance, particularly
when the chatbot is unable to address complex or private issues or when students would prefer to
interact with people.When students engage with non-AI systems, they anticipate similar
interactive and psychological responses, deduce characteristics of the program from the
interaction, and are taken aback when the chatbot is unable to comprehend their needs or provide
sufficient support [43].Despite these issues, there are limitations and drawbacks to employing
software in the classroom, including:
 ChatGPT's cleverness can lead to erroneous output when context is not provided.
 As previously observed, students and lecturers rely heavily on their phones. As
technology advances, humans grow more dependent on it.
 ChatGPT's data comes from the Internet. Therefore, accuracy cannot be assured [44].
 Critical thinking is an essential talent for youngsters to develop. Providing solutions
eliminates the need for independent thinking.
 Lack of creativity: ChatGPT can produce whole essays. Using ChatGPT to write a report
is considered plagiarism and lacks originality. One major difficulty with ChatGPT is that
plagiarism checkers struggle to keep up [45].
 ChatGPT is trained on data, which might lead to bias.

Concerns regarding the use of chatbots, such ChatGPT, in educational settings have been
brought up by instructors and administrators. worries about encouraging student participation
and creativity as well as potential hazards to current teaching methods. Instructors and
administrators have brought up valid concerns regarding students' use of ChatGPT. One problem
is that students could utilize the bot to create speeches or essays by feeding it raw material. More
teaching may be necessary for students who primarily rely on the bot for language structure,
grammar, and spelling. The main worry is that students might rely too much on the bot for
reference, research, and reasoning. To better prepare students for future career opportunities, it's
important to consider how ChatGPT might be used to enhance a variety of abilities, rather than
only focusing on students' concerns about technology.
4.3 Enhancing Learning Using VR and AR

Liu, M. and Yu, D. argue that e-learning platforms have made educational resources more
accessible, engaging, and relevant to students without geographic or temporal limits. Current e-
learning systems have technological and pedagogical challenges as user numbers and data
volumes increase (46). These systems provide students with individualized instruction depending
on their performance and chosen manner of learning via AI algorithms. Technology may
enhance learning and help students achieve their educational goals. Automatic grading software
enables teachers to evaluate homework and exams more efficiently and precisely. Students can
also receive feedback on their work from the application, which includes recommendations for
improving performance and fixing errors. By using these technologies to interact with virtual
environments and objects, students can participate in immersive learning experiences. VR and
AR technologies can be used to generate these kinds of experiences [47]. With virtual reality
(VR) and augmented reality (AR), students may interact with three-dimensional models, which
improves their understanding of difficult subjects like anatomy and engineering. AI in the
classroom has the ability to increase student engagement, personalize instruction, and provide
educators with insightful performance data.
4.4 Virtual Reality in Hybrid Education
According to Lege, R., and Bonner, E., virtual reality (VR) is becoming more and more common
in both the consumer and business sectors. Virtual reality (VR) has grown increasingly broadly
utilized as technology progresses. Education need assistance to keep up with new developments,
affordances, and pedagogical applications due to the rapid evolution of technology [48].
Technology's rapid development will undoubtedly have an impact on schooling. Virtual reality
(VR) technology has lately gained popularity in education, despite its extensive history. VR
gadgets for professional and educational purposes have become increasingly cheap in recent
years. Daz P. et al. suggest that commercially available VR gadgets can improve learner
engagement and outcomes in higher education [49]. Virtual reality education relies on immersive
technology, which imitates the actual world and improves students' visual perception. In other
words, the user is directly involved in the action. Using an immersive approach offers several
advantages.
 Visibility: Virtual environments allow for in-depth analysis of a building's plan,
structure, and installations, which would be difficult or time-consuming in the real world.
 Focus: Digital encounters can make it difficult to truly understand the influence of the
actual world. Focused attention can improve knowledge retention.
 Involvement: The learning environment may be carefully planned and monitored.
Virtual reality allows students to engage in the building process, see exceptional events,
and discover innovative solutions to complex difficulties.
 Safety: Virtual reality may securely facilitate complicated operations, transportation
management, and testing. The learner will not risk herself or others, even if the situation
is terrible.
 Effectiveness: Research shows that virtual reality (VR) training is at least 10% more
effective than traditional teaching methods [50].

A drawback of the model

According to Farra, S. L. et al., large upfront expenses and a lack of assurance about expected
returns could prevent virtual reality technology from being widely used [51]. Software
development for virtual reality can also be expensive. This method takes a great deal of time,
effort, and resources to complete. Everybody also receives a special virtual reality experience.
After a brief exposure, some people may feel queasy, nauseated, and disoriented. The human
body is limited in a few ways. But in the majority of contemporary devices, this problem has
virtually been resolved and will soon be defeated. Many individuals think that the average user
cannot afford virtual reality. Some people think virtual reality is limited to use in games. Both
are incorrect. Radianti, Majchrzak, Fromm, and Wohlgenannt researched the benefits and
applications of virtual reality (VR) in diverse situations. Researchers are exploring instructional
uses for virtual reality, which has significant promise [52]. This tool enables a 360-degree view
of the world's historical buildings. Architectural landmarks such as Egyptian pyramids, medieval
towns, and Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater House are now more accessible than ever before.

4.5 Augmented Reality (AR) for Hybrid Education

Augmented reality (AR) has the power to transform the way we teach and learn in educational
settings. In hybrid education, Augmented Reality (AR) blends online and traditional classroom
instruction to improve learning and provide a link between the real and virtual learning
environments.
4.5.1 Augmented Reality in the Practical Educational System
Augmented Reality (AR) and artificial intelligence (AI) have the potential to transform
education. Jeevan S says that as academia realizes their value, combining augmented reality and
artificial intelligence will be a big step forward in the coming years. D. et al. [53]. By automating
instructor tasks, personalizing student learning, and enabling adaptive evaluation, augmented
reality (AR) systems, according to Seo, K., et al., can provide practical AI assistance for hybrid
learning and teaching. Contact among understudies and teachers significantly affects their
fulfillment and learning results in mixture learning. It is essential to have an understanding of
how teachers and students perceive the effects of AI systems on their interactions in order to
identify gaps and obstacles that limit their potential and put safety at risk (54). Augmented reality
(AR) offers a more immersive and engaging learning experience than AI, which can personalize
classes and analyze students' learning patterns. One way to use AI and augmented reality in
education is to develop intelligent AR apps. These programs use AI to recognize things and
provide students with data and feedback based on how they act.
Yongjun Xu and his colleagues discovered that object detection tasks are well suited for AI
systems. The way we interact with one another and conduct business is being transformed by
augmented reality technology. Another structure embracing these advances is expected to
improve understudies' opportunities for growth utilizing electrical designing lab gear, especially
given the rising notoriety of on the web and crossover learning [55]. An app that makes use of
augmented reality, for instance, might show the user a virtual heart and give them personalized
feedback based on how they interact with the model. Additionally, the application may monitor a
student's progress, highlight areas for improvement, and provide feedback..

During the COVID-19 outbreak, AI technology has been rapidly developed and deployed to
meet the demands of students in education and language learning. Rapid advancements in
artificial intelligence (AI) have made it easier to incorporate augmented reality (AR) in
education. The educational 4.0 movement, impacted by automation and digitalization, has an
impact on the progress of artificial intelligence (AI) in educational settings [56]. Adaptive
learning systems are another technique to combine augmented reality and artificial intelligence
(AI) into education. Systems driven by AI personalize learning experiences based on the
interests, speed, and learning preferences of students. Students can have immersive, tailored
learning experiences thanks to AR technology. Based on the student's preferred method of
learning, an augmented reality system may provide information in a different way. While
auditory learners might prefer audio explanations, visual learners might benefit from diagrams
and other visual aids. With AR and AI, collaborative learning environments can also be
developed.
Students can collaborate virtually on coursework and projects using augmented reality
technology. Through the identification of students with comparable talents and interests and the
suggestion of groups, AI can promote collaboration. Incorporating Interactive AR into school
can enhance collaborative efforts and problem-solving abilities. Education can be revolutionized
by combining artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality. Using intelligent augmented
reality (AR) applications, adaptive learning systems, and collaborative learning environments,
we provide each learner individualized learning experiences. Technological developments in AR
and AI could result in more creative educational uses.

Figure 3: Interaction between AI, AR and VR

4.5.2 Interactive promotes teamwork and problem-solving

Almusaed, A., Almssad, A., & Cortez, M. R. recommend that educators use their specific
education expertise to address real-world issues more regularly. Theory, observation, teaching,
and presentation skills are all encouraged in universities. It is imperative to cultivate instructors
who are forward-thinking and have excellent communication skills [57]. Still, there's no denying
the usefulness of augmented reality (AR) technology in the classroom. In certain respects,
learning activities in hybrid education are advantageous. Although empirical evidence indicates
that augmented reality improves learning outcomes for students, its widespread use in the
classroom has not yet occurred [58]. Augmented Reality is growing in popularity. It can be used
for a variety of purposes, such as training, improved learning, and scenario and product testing.
All of this occurs in cyberspace, ensuring efficient resource utilization. Augmented reality is
increasingly being used in academic contexts, indicating a widespread adoption of this
breakthrough. Implementing increased reality technology at institutions has benefits beyond only
engaging students since other possibilities exist.
 Teachers can expand their available teaching techniques
By making training fun and easy to understand, augmented reality (AR) can improve hybrid and
face-to-face learning. According to Cabero-A. et al., the relatively new technology known as
augmented reality (AR) has a significant impact on space training. Universal and practical
education can be effectively promoted through mobile technologies and augmented reality [59].
Using augmented reality (AR), teachers can show students the inside of a building in a more
engaging way. Additionally, abstract ideas can be graphically illustrated with the help of
augmented reality (AR). Additionally, (AR) permits students to think critically while studying.
Intelligent clarifications permit understudies to find out about how things work freely. This is
extremely helpful for comprehending the operation of building components.
 Ensure everyone gets access to education
To complete the learning process with their peers, distance learners can need assistance.
Augmented reality, or AR, helps students learn better online by addressing these issues.
Eldokhny, A. A., and Darwish propose that teachers need to be ready to integrate augmented
reality patterns into traditional online learning in order to meet the requirement for 21st-century
abilities. To include more examples and information in augmented reality, more study on online
distance learning is required. It is best to employ animated or fixed augmented reality for online
distance learning during pandemics [60]. An online learner might utilize the app, for instance, to
alter the font size, contrast, and voice comments.
 AR may broaden the teaching area to include more pupils
Applications for (AR) can help students get greater access to educational opportunities.
Educational programs will be accessible for students who are unable to attend university due to
different circumstances. Augmented reality (AR) can partially replace traditional classroom
instruction. Augmented reality (AR) technology can improve accessibility in schools. According
to Fernández et al. [61], augmented reality (AR) can motivate students, boost their interest in
assignments, and help those with educational requirements.
 Increase student engagement and motivation
Motivating pupils to learn is a major challenge in today's environment. There are various reasons
for this. External factors such as poor topic description, lack of motivation, and insufficient study
time affect students' concentration. Augmented reality (AR) apps provide an alternative solution
to these challenges. Learning content for AR is more engaging than traditional schooling.
Motivating students to learn is a significant difficulty in today's climate. There are several
explanations for this. External variables such as poor topic description, a lack of enthusiasm, and
insufficient study time all have an impact on students' focus. Augmented reality (AR) apps
provide an answer to these issues. Learning content for AR is more engaging than traditional
education.
 Reducing disruptions
Keeping kids' attention is an ongoing challenge for instructors. Disruption can come from a
variety of sources, such as pupils who are disinterested in learning, have erratic attention spans,
or lose interest in their studies while advancing academically. Classrooms free from distractions
are essential for learning. Regrettably, one of the things that makes it hard to focus is using a
smartphone. According to Urbina C. et al., augmented reality and mobile devices have a lot of
potential for improving engineering education. In the modern classroom, student engagement
and self-learning are prioritized. There is a method, though, to change this using (AR) [63]. With
the use of augmented reality (AR) technology, smartphones can become helpful teaching aids
instead of just diversions. Students' mobile devices with augmented reality apps can help them
pay attention and concentrate in class.
 Effective and interesting learning activities
More than just words are required for education. Teaching concepts like chemistry, mathematics,
and architectural history just through words is tough. However, employing augmented reality
(AR) allows for compelling explanations using digital resources. To facilitate learning, disclose
the workings of a process or give pupils direct control over it. AR technology can modernize
education by empowering students to explore and learn freely, replacing the traditional teacher-
explained approach.

5. AI's Advantage for Students and Teachers

Machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) are powerful drivers of development and
success in all industries, including education. According to the eLearning Industry [64], by 2021,
more than half of all LMSs will include AI integration. The EdTech industry has long had access
to AI solutions, but adoption has been sluggish. According to Luckin, R., Cukurova, M., Kent,
C., and du Boulay, B., knowing about AI is not the same as receiving instruction in AI readiness.
AI Ready is aware of the possible effects it could have on a variety of professions, businesses,
and sectors. Themes from AI Ready for Teachers and AI Ready for Lawyers might be
comparable. Things will, nevertheless, be contextualized differently [65]. Teachers were forced
to transition to online instruction as a result of the outbreak, which caused regular schools to
close. 86% of educators believe that integrating technology into the classroom is a good idea.
Teachers and students can benefit from artificial intelligence (AI) in the classroom. A student's
ultimate goal is to obtain certifications that demonstrate their competency. AI can improve
learning efficiency. Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to significantly impact students'
educational experiences by enhancing access to relevant courses, facilitating interactions with
teachers, and freeing up time for other activities.
5.1 AI's Benefits to Students
Students want a degree to demonstrate their expertise. Students can benefit from AI's ability to
simplify learning and help them achieve this goal. Munir, Vogel, and Jacobsson say that AI can
help students get a better education by giving them access to relevant courses, making it easier
for them to interact with teachers, and giving them more time to do other things. Personalization
is a significant development in education. AI allows students to tailor learning programs to their
experiences and preferences. By adapting to students' knowledge, speed, and objectives, AI can
improve learning [66]. Systems powered by AI can look at how students have learned in the past,
figure out where they can do better, and offer personalized learning options. In tutoring, students
frequently require additional assistance outside of the classroom, and teachers frequently lack
time. In these situations, AI, chatbots, and educators are suitable options. Through personalized
instruction, instructor activities, and adaptive assessment, artificial intelligence (AI) systems can
effectively improve online education and learning, according to Sage K. et al. The effect of man-
made consciousness (artificial intelligence) on understudy educator relations stays obscure,
regardless of its potential allure [67]. Besides, (artificial intelligence) advances can help
understudies in creating abilities beyond the study hall. Instructors and professors receive a
constant stream of repetitive questions. Mechanized help and conversational knowledge answer
understudies' often asked requests rapidly. Students are able to identify answers more quickly
and this saves teachers time. Students can study and explore around the clock using AI-powered
technologies without having to wait for an educator. Exchange students can get an excellent
education without having to pay for housing or travel [68].

5.2 AI's Benefits to Teachers

Numerous educators battle to deal with their time due to their broad daily agendas. Teachers can
save time by automating tasks, analyzing student performance, and bridging educational gaps
with AI. AI, according to Celik, Dindar, Muukkonen, and others, can assist educators in
improving class planning, execution, and assessment. AI can help teachers learn more about their
students' needs. Academics play a variety of roles in advancing AI technology, as we discovered
[69]. Teachers can address common knowledge gaps and problem areas thanks to AI's ability to
personalize learning courses for both instructors and students. Tapalova and Zhiyenbayeva
define artificial intelligence (AI) as the capacity to adapt to students' requirements and
preferences. The study investigates the use of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIEd) to
provide students with individualized instruction [70]. Without requiring academic input, AI-
powered chatbots addressed generic and recurring student inquiries. Regular tasks like document
grading, pattern detection, and general questions can be automated by AI [71].
6. Improving the Engagement of Students in Hybrid Education through the Impact of
AI
According to Singh, J., Steele, K., and Singh, L., the COVID-19 pandemic of 2019 has altered
the educational system. The global health crisis has compelled universities all across the world to
reevaluate their approaches to teaching, including blended, online, and hybrid formats [72]. The
use of hybrid curricula, which blend in-person and virtual instruction, is growing in popularity. It
can take some time to get children's attention in this situation, particularly when there are digital
elements involved. In hybrid classes, artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly
increase student involvement. The use of AI in this setting is examined in the review paper
"Enhancing Student Engagement: Leveraging AI's Potential in Hybrid Education". This research
investigates how AI could improve hybrid classes through personalized lectures, quick feedback,
and collaboration. AI's ability to customize teaching for each learner is a huge benefit in various
circumstances. According to Aditi Bhutoria, big data analysis and artificial intelligence (AI) will
drive significant advancements in education [73].
AI algorithms can analyze student data and customize education strategies to meet individual
requirements, interests, and learning styles. Allowing students to establish their own learning
goals and pace can boost engagement and motivation [57]. When combined with personalized
instruction, artificial intelligence (AI) will provide pupils with relevant feedback.
AI-powered assessment systems can instantly assess student responses and provide constructive
feedback, facilitating error correction and deeper comprehension. Additionally, providing
feedback to struggling students might help teachers modify their efforts to meet their specific
needs. According to Shubham Joshi and colleagues, AI will create new teaching and learning
solutions that will be tested in various scenarios. Educational technology can improve students'
ability to achieve and manage academic goals [74]. AI technology can improve student
engagement by providing timely support. AI-powered chatbots can provide immediate solutions
to student inquiries, thereby reducing irritation and returning students to work faster. According
to Han, J.W., Park, J., and Lee, H., chatbots enable students to learn anytime and from any
location. Chatbots promote self-directed learning by reducing anxiety and increasing retention
among students. Additionally, users may submit real-time comments and receive personalized
information during the learning process. Chatbots can help students navigate complicated
materials and activities with ease.
7. CONCLUSIONS

Multidisciplinary strategies are required to reach a larger number of AIEd users, as the majority
of AI studies have focused on STEM fields. In hybrid education, AI technology can increase
student engagement and educational quality. As innovation propels, the use of Man-made
consciousness (simulated intelligence) in the homeroom will probably develop. There is no
correlation between theoretical frameworks or effective teaching practices and the use of AI in
classrooms, particularly at the university level. The essay discusses the need to prepare students
for the rising demand for online courses. This article introduces hybrid education, which
combines in-person and online teaching methods, as well as AI's potential to enhance education.
A comprehensive overview of AI applications in the classroom, including chatbots and virtual
reality, can be found in this book. Students who are self-driven and intelligent benefit from
artificial intelligence (AI). Man-made intelligence fueled advances, including chatbots,
mentoring frameworks, and customized learning stages, can support understudy inspiration and
commitment to studies. When it comes to making use of AI for learning in the classroom,
teachers play a crucial role. These resources might also be useful to teachers. Effective education
and human interaction must be combined with AI technology in order to achieve its full
potential. Keen PCs impersonate human communication by finishing undertakings like voice
acknowledgment and dissecting a few ways to accomplish wanted results. The educational
application of AI's scientific foundation aims to communicate previously obscure ideas through
computation. Educators should consider moral troubles including information security and
forestalling algorithmic predisposition. The advantages and disadvantages of using AI, chatbots,
virtual reality, and augmented reality in hybrid classes are emphasized here. This article looks at
how computer based intelligence, AR, and VR have upset informative strategies. The paper
emphasizes the necessity of adaptive learning platforms and learning analytics for individualized
instruction. The main point of contention is whether chatbots can improve student engagement
and reaction time as teaching aids. The book also includes ChatGPT, an AI-powered chatbot that
increases user engagement and conversation. The essay discusses the potential drawbacks of
using ChatGPT in the classroom, such as bias, reliance on technology, misinterpretation of the
context, and a lack of inventiveness and critical thinking. Additionally, it emphasizes its benefits.
To provide a foundation for pertinent organizational aspects, the legal frameworks of data
privacy and antidiscrimination are combined with the ethical frameworks of fairness and social
justice. Consequently, these frameworks' components serve as the foundation for significant
structures. The Sustainable Development Agenda aims to promote lifelong learning and ensure
that everyone has access to high-quality education. Man-made consciousness (computer based
intelligence) can possibly address significant difficulties in training, improve educating and
learning rehearses, and speed up progress towards this objective. With appropriate preparation
and execution, it is feasible to influence understudies' instructive support fundamentally. Quick
innovation leap forwards present dangers and worries that legislative and administrative
frameworks still can't seem to address. This article emphasizes the potential of AI, chatbots,
virtual reality, and augmented reality to enhance learning methods and promotes further research
in these areas. While acknowledging the hazards and limits of new technology, it emphasizes the
need to explore their potential to improve skills for the future labor market.

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