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    Assignment

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    of 12

    HOSPITAL

    ACQUIRED
    INFECTION

    Prepared by :

    VISHMI
    ANN
    SWETHA
    ACHINI
    IMASHI
    WELCOME
    Welcome to your resource for understanding hospital-
    acquired infections (HAIs). This assignment book is
    designed to guide you through the essential concepts,
    research findings, and clinical practices related to
    HAIs.
    CONTENTS

    01 INTRODUCTION

    CAUSES FOR HOSPITAL


    ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
    02

    03
    EXAMPLES FOR HOSPITAL
    ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

    PREVENT & CONTROL


    04

    RESPONSIBILITIES OF A NURSE

    05 ASSISTANT ON HOSPITAL
    ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
    01. Introduction
    What is a Hospital Acquired
    Infection?
    A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a
    nosocomial infection, refers to infections that
    patients acquire while receiving treatment for other
    conditions within a healthcare setting, such as a
    hospital or long-term care facility. These infections
    typically occur 48 hours or more after admission and
    can be caused by various pathogens, including
    bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
    02. CAUSES FOR HOSPITAL
    ACQUIRED INFECTIONS
    4. Antibiotic Resistance
    1. Bacterial Contamination

    Overuse of Antibiotics: Using


    Invasive Procedures: Surgeries and antibiotics too much can create
    procedures can introduce bacteria. resistant bacteria.

    Contaminated Instruments: Tools that aren’t


    Carrying Resistant Pathogens:
    properly sterilized can spread germs.
    Some patients may carry resistant
    germs without symptoms,
    2. Poor Hand Hygiene spreading them to others.

    5. Patient factors
    Compromised Immune Systems:
    Patients with weak immune
    systems are more likely to get
    infections.
    Healthcare Worker Practices: If staff don’t wash
    hands or use gloves properly, infections can Length of Hospital Stay: Longer
    spread.
    stays increase exposure to
    Visitor Compliance: Visitors who don’t follow germs.
    hygiene rules can also help spread infections.

    3. Environmental factors
    Hospital Environment: Dirty surfaces like
    bedrails can carry germs.

    Air Quality: Bad ventilation can spread


    airborne germs.
    03.EXAMPLES FOR
    HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
    INFECTIONS
    1.CATHETER-ASSOCIATED
    URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
    (CAUTIS)

    2.SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS


    (SSIS)

    3.VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED
    PNEUMONIA (VAP)

    4. CENTRAL LINE-ASSOCIATED
    BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS
    (CLABSIS)

    5. CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE
    INFECTIONS (CDI)

    6. METHICILLIN-RESISTANT
    STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
    INFECTIONS (MRSA)
    4. Prevent & control

    Prevention and control of nosocomial infections can be done


    by the following ways,

    1.Isolation

    2.Sterilization

    3. Hand hygiene

    4.Wear gloves & Aprons

    5.Tell your doctor everything

    6. Get educated

    7. Get involved
    Isolation
    Designed to prevent transmission of microorganisms by common
    routes in hospitals. Because agent and host factors are more
    difficult to control, interruption of transfer of microorganisms is
    directed primarily at transmission.

    Sterilization
    Sterilization is the process of completely killing all germs and
    microbes on an object or surface. It’s often done using heat,
    chemicals, or radiation. This is important in hospitals to prevent
    infections .
    Hand hygiene
    Hand hygiene is the practice of cleaning hands to remove dirt, germs,
    and viruses. It typically involves washing hands with soap and water
    or using hand sanitizer. Proper hand hygiene is essential for
    preventing the spread of infections and maintaining overall health,
    especially in settings like hospitals, schools, and during food
    preparation.

    How
    Use soap and running water
    Rub your hands vigorously for
    20 seconds
    Wash all surfaces, including the
    back of hands, wrists, fingernails,
    and between fingers
    Rinse Well
    Dry hands with paper towels
    Turn off water using a paper
    towel instead of bare hands

    When
    After coughing or sneezing
    After using the bathroom
    Before and after eating or cooking
    Betore and atter treating wounds
    Before and after handling shared
    equinment
    Wear gloves & aprons

    Tell your doctor everything


    All symptoms

    Previous disease

    Other alternative treatment

    Other over the counter medication


    5.Responsibilities of a nurse
    assistant on hospital acquired
    infections
    1.Infection Control Practices: Adhering to strict hand
    hygiene protocols before and after patient contact, and
    using personal protective equipment (PPE) as required.

    2.Monitoring Patients: Observing and reporting any signs


    of infection, such as fever, redness, swelling, or unusual
    discharge.

    3.Cleaning and Disinfection: Regularly cleaning and


    disinfecting patient areas and equipment according to
    hospital protocols.

    4.Patient Education: Educating patients and their families


    about infection prevention measures, including hand
    hygiene and proper use of PPE.

    5.Waste Management:Ensuring proper disposal of


    biohazardous materials and maintaining a clean
    environment.

    6.Following Protocols: Implementing standard


    precautions and transmission-based precautions as
    outlined by infection control policies.

    7.Documentation: Accurately recording any observations


    related to potential infections and reporting them to
    nursing staff.

    8.Assisting with Procedures: Supporting nursing staff


    during procedures that may increase infection risk,
    ensuring a sterile environment.
    CONCLUSION In conclusion, hospital-acquired infections
    (HAIs) remain a significant challenge in
    healthcare settings, impacting patient
    outcomes, increasing healthcare costs, and
    straining resources.

    Understanding the mechanisms of HAIs,


    their prevention strategies, and the
    importance of infection control protocols is
    crucial for improving patient safety.

    Ongoing education, adherence to best


    practices, and the implementation of
    innovative technologies are essential in
    mitigating these risks.

    By fostering a culture of safety and


    accountability, healthcare facilities can
    enhance the quality of care and ultimately
    protect patients from preventable
    infections.

    Continuous research and collaboration


    among healthcare professionals will also
    play a vital role in addressing and reducing
    the incidence of HAIs in the future.

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