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    ORAL COMM Coverage

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    jam joble
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    ORAL COMM Coverage

    Uploaded by

    jam joble
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    Yes

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Copyright:

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    0 views5 pages

    ORAL COMM Coverage

    Uploaded by

    jam joble
    Yes

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

    EXPOSITORY/INFORMATIVE SPEECH
    aims to provide the audience with information about a topic or to expand their knowledge about a topic
    with which they are already familiar

    Types of Informative Speeches


    Descriptive Speech
    provides a vivid picture of a person, a place, or an object
    provides an image of the subject in the audience’s minds through sensory details such as sight,
    sound, smell, touch, and taste

    Explanation Speech
    explains or defines a concept, term, or an abstract topic
    provides facts, etymology of words or concepts, classification, examples, and others relevant
    details.

    Demonstration Speech
    presents information about how to do something or how something is done
    gives the audience detailed information of a certain process

    Characteristics of an Expository or Informative Speech


     Credible
     Accurate
     Clear
     Memorable

    Guide Questions
     What is the topic in the speech?
     What kind of expository/informative speech is it?
     What characteristics of expository speech are exemplified in the speech?
     What makes the speech interesting and worth listening to?
     If you were in the audience, would you have easily believed the information presented by the
    speaker? Why or why not?

    PERSUASIVE SPEECH
    aims to influence the audience to accept the speaker’s position or stand on an issue
    examples: sales pitches, political campaign talks, business presentations, and debates

    Kinds of Persuasive Speech


    Convincing Speech
    the speaker attempts to convince the audience to adopt his or her way of thinking or to change
    the way they think about things

    Actuation Speech
    designed to urge the audience to take a particular action
    the speaker seeks to persuade the audience to start doing the action now
    Guidelines in Writing a Persuasive Speech
     Determine your goal.
     Know your audience.
     Organize the information.
     Provide strong evidence.

    ARGUMENTATIVE SPEECH
    is a type of speech where the speaker takes a position on a controversial issue and presents arguments
    to persuade the audience to adopt a similar view point. The goal is to convince the audience through
    logical reasoning, evidence, and emotional appeal.

    TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

    READING FROM A MANUSCRIPT


     also known as a manuscript speech
     reading a prepared text or manuscript to an audience
     usually given when the manuscript will be part of an official record wherein extremely careful
    wording is required
     delivered over a podium or lectern

    Advantages Disadvantages

     No single and essential word is left  The speech may sound mechanical or forced
    out. and unnatural.
     All significant points are covered  The audience may quickly get bored or
    and conveyed. uninterested.
     The speaker is limited in his or her use of
    nonverbal cues.
     The speaker is unable to react to the
    audience's nonverbal cues.

    Manuscript speeches are most advantageous for:


    1. Public figures
    2. Media personalities
    3. Spokespersons for governments and private organizations

    Guidelines in Reading from a Manuscript


     Outline and write the speech well.
     Format your speech properly.
     Practice your speech.
     Vary your voice.
     Look at your audience from time to time.
    MEMORIZED SPEECH
     requires the speaker to commit the speech to memory
     should be short
     requires the speaker to work harder on facial expressions and tone of voice
     usually used by skilled speakers
     appropriate for relatively short speeches such as when presenting/accepting an award, making
    an announcement, giving opening or closing remarks, or introducing a speaker

    Advantages Disadvantages

     It may improve the  It takes a long time to memorize unless the speaker has a
    speaker's memory. very keen memory.
     It allows the speaker to  It requires more effort to speak from memory than to
    plan his or her read from a manuscript.
    nonverbal cues.  It can sound mechanical and unnatural since the speaker
     It allows the speaker to may tend to concentrate on remembering words that
    concentrate on visual come next rather than on communicating their ideas to
    aids and props. the audience.
     It develops a sense of  It can break a speaker's train of thought and may cause
    confidence in the embarrassment to the speaker when he or she forgets
    speaker. certain words or lines in the speech.

    Delivering a Memorized Speech


     can help you achieve a smooth and effortless delivery
     minimizes distractions caused by looking at a manuscript/notes
     can help you maintain eye contact, establish rapport, and interact with the audience
     great for special occasions
     used for introducing a guest, accepting an award, giving a eulogy, toast, or tribute

    Tips in Delivering a Memorized Speech


     Keep it short. Make it brief and concise. When you write it, pattern it on the way you speak.
     Practice. Read the speech repeatedly until you memorize it. Practice your delivery as well. Do it
    in front of a mirror to work on your facial expressions and gestures.
     Visualize. Assign an image that you can easily associate with a word or part of the speech that
    you have trouble with. This will help you remember the content of the speech.
     Project your voice. When practicing your speech, stand straight with your head up, take deep
    breaths, and project your voice toward the back of the room.
     Use pauses appropriately. A pause may create a dramatic effect or build suspense. It can also
    give the audience time to reflect on your speech.

    IMPROMPTU SPEECH
     delivered with little or no preparation
     generally brief and unrehearsed
     Instances: speeches during occasions, recitations in class, or add/refute to what a classmate has
    said
    Strategies in Organizing an Impromptu Speech
    Opening-Rule of Three-Clincher
     has a compelling opening
     lists down three reasons that support the opening
     clincher - should summarize the points and wrap up the speech well
    Past-Present-Future
     states analogies
     best strategy to use to showcase the improvement of something over time
    Point-Reason-Example/Explanation-Point
     employs the use of recollection
     starts with the main point then provides the reason behind it
     explains the reason to support the main point
     restates the main point and states the conclusion

    Tips on Delivering an Impromptu Speech


     Think first before speaking. Pause for two to three seconds as you gather thoughts and reflect
    on what you want to say.
     Consider the three major parts of a speech. Think of a short introduction, body, and conclusion
    for your speech.
     Identify your main point. Think of the main idea that you would like to convey to the audience.
    Then, build your speech around that main idea and provide supporting details, such as reasons
    or examples.
     Use signposts. Help the audience keep track of your points by using signposts, such as “First, I
    would like to say . . .,” “My second point is . . .,” or “Finally, I would like to . . .”
     Keep your speech short. Impromptu speeches are generally short, so be mindful of the time and
    only say what is essential.
     Be confident. Speak with conviction, and act and talk naturally. This way, the audience will be
    more likely to perceive you as a credible speaker.

    EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEECH
     involves preparing an outline or notes before delivery
     does not require the speaker to read a manuscript word for word
     does not require the speaker to memorize the speech
     uses the speech outline or prepared notes as a guide, with the speaker elaborating on the topic
    using his/her own words

    Other Characteristics of an Extemporaneous Speech


     It sounds natural.
     Its exact wording is chosen while the speech is being given.
     It gives the speaker the chance to practice the flow of the speech using the outline or notes.
     It allows the speaker to freely interact with the audience.
     It is flexible.

    Three Steps in Studying Your Extemporaneous Topic


    1. Identify the type of extemporaneous question that you have to answer.
     Is it a question of fact? Does it revolve around whether something is true or not?
     Is it a question of value? Does it center on whether the topic is good or bad, moral
    or immoral, just or unjust?
     Is it a question of policy? Does it focus on what policy or rule should be followed?
     2. Determine if your topic is informative or persuasive.
     3. Stick to your topic and look at all sides and angles of the problem.
     Prepare the notes and outline. Instead of an outline, you may also use a graphic organizer, such
    as a flowchart or a concept map, if this suits your topic or purpose better.
     Rehearse your speech using the notes and outline. Familiarize yourself with your notes so that
    you can internalize the flow of your speech.
     Speak in a natural manner. While delivering your speech, talk as if you are conversing with
    someone. Use shorter sentences and speak clearly in a friendly tone. Make eye contact with the
    audience and only look at your notes from time to time.
     Pay attention to the audience’s nonverbal cues. For example, if you see that they look
    confused, you may elaborate on an idea by giving examples or restating a point.

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