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AUKUS security partnership

https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/aukus-security-partnership/
AUKUS - Wikipedia
1. Background (Hải Linh)
- Giới thiệu về AUKUS: Gồm 3 thành viên là Úc/ Anh/ Mỹ
- Mục tiêu: Liên minh về mặt quân sự
- Được hình thành như thế nào?
2. Các trụ cột chính của liên minh: 2 trụ cột chính
3. Quá trình phát triển và achievements (Hà)
4. Những vấn đề xoay quanh AUKUS: Debate (Ánh)

DL: 31/10 Final nội dung

Slides: 2/11 Final slides

Pitching reher: Chủ nhật 03/11

Đây là chữ
AUKUS: The Trilateral Security Partnership Between Australia, UK , and US
1. What is AUKUS?
AUKUS is a trilateral defence and security partnership between Australia, the United
Kingdom and the United States.
AUKUS was formed through secretive and high-level negotiations over several months
among Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Driven by escalating security
challenges in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly the growing influence of China, the three
nations sought to enhance their defense and security collaboration. The alliance, officially
announced on September 15, 2021, focuses on providing Australia with nuclear-powered
submarine technology and collaborating on advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence,
cyber security, and quantum computing, thereby strengthening their collective defense
capabilities.
AUKUS is intended to strengthen the ability of each government to support security and
defense interests, building on social longstanding and ongoing bilateral ties. It will promote
deeper information sharing and technology sharing; and foster deeper integration of security and
defense-related science, technology, industrial bases and supply chains.1
2. TWO MAIN PILLARS
It was first announced in September 2021 and consists of two pillars:
● Pillar 1 focuses on supporting Australia to acquire its first conventionally armed, nuclear-
powered submarine fleet. (It does not involve the transfer of nuclear weapons to
Australia.)
● Pillar 2 focuses on cooperation in eight advanced military capability areas:
- undersea capabilities
- quantum technologies
- artificial intelligence and autonomy
- advanced cyber
- hypersonic and counter-hypersonic capabilities
- electronic warfare
- innovation

1 https://www.defense.gov/Spotlights/AUKUS/
 - information sharing

The two Key pillars of AUKUS play crucial roles in enhancing the security and defense
capabilities of the member nations. The first pillar involves sharing nuclear submarine
technology, which will enable Australia to develop and deploy nuclear-powered submarines,
thereby improving its surveillance, maritime protection, and deterrence against potential threats
in the region. The second pillar focuses on cooperation in advanced technologies which aims to
bolster defense capabilities and create breakthroughs in modern military technologies. This
cooperation helps the three nations maintain a strategic advantage and effectively address
contemporary security challenges.

Nguồn:

Aukus Security Partnership - House of Lords Library. Available at:

https://lordslibrary.parliament.uk/aukus-security-partnership

AUKUS: The Trilateral Security Partnership between Australia, U.K. and U.S. US
Department of Defense. Available at: https://www.defense.gov/Spotlights/AUKUS/

3. Development phase and Achievements (AUKUS)

● Development phase2
After the three leaders of Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States made a
joint declaration on AUKUS on September 15, 2021, a historic agreement to provide nuclear
submarine technology to Australia was also signed, marking one of the most significant
milestones of the alliance.

On November 22th 2021, Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom signed
the Exchange of Naval Nuclear Propulsion Information Agreement (ENNPIA) treaty. This

2 AUKUS – Wikipedia tiếng Việt

agreement allows the United States and the United Kingdom to disclose information to Australia
and to use that information. The ENNPIA treaty entered into force on 8 February 2022.

April 5th 2022, the three countries announced that Hypersonics and Counter-Hypersonic
Cooperation was one of four areas of cooperation and that the three countries would work
together to accelerate the development of this technology.

August 31st 2022, the UK announced that Australian submariners would be trained on
Astute-class submarines.

March 13th 2023, AUKUS announced that a new class of nuclear-powered submarines
would be built in the UK and Australia, called the SSN-AUKUS, also known as the SSN-A.

July 1st 2023 The Australian Submarine Agency is established. It is responsible for
managing Australia’s nuclear submarine program, and includes personnel posted to the UK and
US.

In November 2023, Captain Lincoln Reifsteck USN, director of the US Navy’s AUKUS
acquisition and integration program, spoke at the annual symposium of the Naval Submarine
League. He said that in 2032 and 2035, the US will sell Australia operational Virginia Block IV-
class submarines, the first of which will be commissioned in 2020 and the last likely to be
commissioned around 2026. He also said that the US will sell Australia a new Block VII boat in
2038, Block VII being the initial length of the Virginia class without the Virginia Payload
Module, with construction expected to begin in 2029.

In addition, the US Department of Defense announced that AUKUS partners had

participated in a joint exercise to demonstrate and improve capabilities related to the protection
of underwater infrastructure and the use of autonomous and semi-autonomous undersea systems.

The AUKUS government also announced in December 2023 that it was “accelerating the
development of quantum technologies for positioning, navigation and timing in military
capabilities".
 On October 25, 2024, in Jervis Bay, Australia, the first joint exercise between the
Australian, British and American forces under the AUKUS agreement began with the launch of
30 of the most advanced unmanned combat vehicles of the three countries, notably the OWL-B
long-range attack glider; the Bluebottle unmanned surface ship; the Ghost Shark large
autonomous underwater vehicle and the Speartooth large unmanned underwater vehicle.3

● Achievements
Boost technology Cooperation: The three countries are jointly developing advanced military
technologies, particularly in the development of new technologies such as nuclear submarines,
hypersonic weapons, artificial intelligence and cyber warfare.

Strengthening defense capabilities: Thanks to AUKUS, the defense capabilities of member

countries, especially Australia, are significantly enhanced in the face of growing security
challenges in the Indo-Pacific region.

Create Strategic Deterrence: AUKUS sends a clear message of commitment to protecting peace
and stability of national security in the region.

3. Opportunities and Challenges

a. Opportunities

For the United States, AUKUS will boost collaboration, innovation, interoperability,
and collective capability, thus strengthening integrated deterrence against hostile actors,
especially in the Indo-Pacific. Key to its success will be to reconcile the differences between
domestic policies and external cooperative opportunities, as well as an ongoing U.S.
commitment to the Indo-Pacific and to empowering its closest allies.

3 3 nước AUKUS lần đầu tiên tập trận quy mô lớn (qdnd.vn)
 For Australia, the United States alliance remains central to its security, and the AUKUS
partnership is consistent with Australia’s intent to deepen bilateral defense cooperation.
Increased defense capability strengthens Australia’s ability to be an effective security
partner and contribute to regional stability. Australian leaders see AUKUS as contributing to
a balance of power grand strategy to deter aggression and coercion.

For the United Kingdom, the partnership serves the purposes of stimulating the
defense industry and assuring the future submarine program (to replace the Astute SSN). It
also aligns with the UK’s renewed focus on the security of the Indo-Pacific, as well as the
Ministry of Defence’s shift to a technology-centric approach to capability.

For all three partners, AUKUS will provide value through outcomes of deterrence,
increased interoperability and capability, and the support of an integrated industrial base.
It also promises value from an input perspective, in terms of more efficient and coordinated
development and support of advanced capabilities.

b. Challenges

Australia's announcement to acquire nuclear-powered submarines sparked significant

concerns over nuclear proliferation, particularly from China and broader regional worries about
stability. In response, Australia and its partners emphasized commitments to safety and non-
proliferation standards.
 There is ongoing debate in Southeast Asia about whether this submarine program
enhances security or introduces instability. Additionally, Australia's relationship with France
soured after canceling a deal for diesel-electric submarines, though ties have since improved.

A major challenge for Australia is the need for a skilled workforce to build and maintain
these submarines amid low unemployment and high demand in other sectors. This will require
strategic policy interventions.

Finally, Reforming ITAR is vital for AUKUS technology cooperation, but it may require
Australia to strengthen export controls, raising concerns about impacts on international scientific
collaborations.

Source: https://gjia.georgetown.edu/2024/02/07/opportunities-and-challenges-of-aukus/