Hydraulic workshop

Hydraulic workshop
1.Hydraulic pumps:
A hydraulic pump is a mechanical device that converts mechanical
power into hydraulic energy. It generates flow with enough power to
overcome pressure induced by the load.
When a hydraulic pump operates, it performs two functions. First, its
mechanical action creates a vacuum at the pump inlet which allows
atmospheric pressure to force liquid from the reservoir into the inlet line
to the pump. Second, its mechanical action delivers this liquid to the
pump outlet and forces it into the hydraulic system.
(1.1) Types of pumps:

1. External gear pump.
2. Internal gear pump.
3. Rotary vane pump.
4. Axial piston pump.
(1.1.1) External gear pump.

the external gear pump uses two identical
gears rotating against each other one gear
is driven by a motor and it in turn drives
the other gear. Each gear is supported by
a shaft with bearings on both sides of the
gear.
Figure(1)External gear pump

Principle of operation:
Figure(2) Operation of external gear pump.
2
1-As the gears come out of mesh, they create expanding volume on the
inlet side of the pump. Liquid flows into the cavity and is trapped by the
gear teeth as they rotate.
2-Liquid travels around the interior of the casing in the pockets between
the teeth and the casing , it does not pass between the gears.
3-Finally, the meshing of the gears forces liquid through the outlet
port under pressure.
Disadvantages:
Pressure or power drop as a result of gear and/or interior of the casing
wear since that allows the fluid to escape.
(1.1.2) Internal gear pump.

which use an external and internal spur
gears (internal spur gear teeth face
inwards.
Figure(3)Internal gear pump
Figure(4) Operation of internal gear pump.
3
1-It uses two rotating gears which un-mesh at the suction side of the
pump to create a vacuum which pulls fluid into the pump.
2-The spaces between the gear teeth transport the fluid on either side of
a crescent to the discharge side.
3-then the gears re-mesh to discharge the fluid.
Disadvantages:
Pressure or power drop as a result of gear and/or interior of the casing
wear since that allows the fluid to escape.
(1.1.3) Rotary vane pump.

consists of vanes mounted to a rotor that
rotates inside of a cavity. In some cases these
vanes can have variable lengths.
Figure(5) Vane pump
Figure(6) operation of rotary vane pump.
4
1-A slotted rotor is eccentrically supported in a cycloidal cam,The rotor
is located close to the wall of the cam so a crescent-shaped cavity is
formed, Vanes or blades fit within the slots of the impeller, As the rotor
rotates and fluid enters the pump, centrifugal force pushes the vanes to
the walls of the housing.
2-The housing and cam force fluid into the pumping chamber through
holes in the cam, Fluid enters the pockets created by the vanes, rotor,
cam, and sideplate.
3-As the rotor continues around, the vanes sweep the fluid to the
opposite side of the crescent where it is squeezed through discharge
holes of the cam as the vane approaches the point of the crescen. Fluid
then exits the discharge port.
Disadvantage:
Pressure or power drop as a result of wear of its components such as :
vanes, cam and wall of the cam and housing.
(1.1.4) Axial piston pump.

A piston pump works on the principle that a
reciprocating piston can draw in fluid when
it retracts in the cylinder bore and discharge
it when it extends.
Figure(7) Axial piston pump
An axial piston pump has a number of pistons arranged in a circular

array within a housing which is commonly referred to as a cylinder block,
rotor or barrel. This cylinder block is driven to rotate about its axis of
symmetry by an integral shaft that is, more or less, aligned with the
pumping pistons.
5
Consists of:
1. Pistons.
2. Guide.
3. Valve plate.
4. Core.
5. Cover.
6. Swash plates.
7. Slipper.
Disadvantages:
Pressure or power drop as a result of:
1. Wear between valve plate and core.

2. Wear between pistons and core.
2.Hydraulic control valve:

Control valves are usually
consist of a spool inside a cast
iron or steel housing. The spool
slides to different positions in the
housing, and intersecting
grooves and channels route the
fluid based on the spool's
position throw the intake and
Figure(8) Hydraulic control valve.
outlet openings.
(2.1) Spool valve.

Directional spool valves comprise a moving spool
situated in the valve housing. When an actuating force
moves the control spool, the annular channels in the
housing are connected or separated.
Figure(9) Spool valve.

6
3.Check valve:
Check valves stop the flow of fluid in one
direction and allow free flow in the opposite
direction. They are also known as non-
return valves.
Figure(10) Check valve symbol.
4.Pressure relief valve.

Pressure relief valves are used in hydraulic systems
to limit the system pressure to a specific set level. If
this set level is reached, the pressure relief valve
responds and feeds the excess flow from the
system back to the tank.
Figure(11) Pressure relief

valve
5.Torque converter:
In modern usage, a torque converter is
generally a type of fluid coupling that is used
to transfer rotating power from a prime
mover to a rotating driven load.
The torque converter consists of

Figure(12) Torque converter.
Three major components:
1. Impeller(pump).
2. Turbine.
3. Stator.
7
(5.1) Impeller.
When the impeller is driven, the fluid in the impeller rotates with it.
When the impeller speed increases, centrifugal force causes the fluid to
flow outward toward the turbine.
(5.2) Turbine.
The turbine is located inside the converter case but is not connected to
it. The input shaft of the transmission is attached to the turbine when
the converter is mounted to the transmission. Many cupped vanes are
attached to the turbine. The curvature of the vanes is opposite from that
of the impeller vanes. Therefore when the fluid is thrust from the
impeller, it is caught in the cupped vanes of the turbine and torque is
transferred to the transmission input shaft.
(5.3) Stator.
The stator is located between the impeller and the turbine. It is
mounted on the stator reaction shaft which is fixed to the transmission
case. The vanes of the stator catch the fluid as it leaves the turbine
runner and redirects it so that it strikes the back of the vanes of the
impeller, giving the impeller an added boost or torque.
6.Hydraulic motor:
Hydraulic motors are rotary actuators that convert
hydraulic, or fluid energy into mechanical power. They
work with a hydraulic pump, which converts mechanical
power into fluid, or hydraulic power. Hydraulic motors
Figure(13) Hydraulic
8 motor
provide the force and supply the motion to move an external load.
7.Hydraulic cylinders:
The fluid pushes against the face of the
piston in these cylinders and produces a
force that is converted into linear motion to
left heavy loads or performing any mission.
Figure(14) Hydraulic cylinder.

Hydraulic workshop

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydraulic workshop

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydraulic workshop

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hydraulic workshop

(1.1) Types of pumps:

(1.1.1) External gear pump.

Figure(1)External gear pump

Figure(2) Operation of external gear pump.

(1.1.2) Internal gear pump.

Figure(3)Internal gear pump

Figure(4) Operation of internal gear pump.

3-then the gears re-mesh to discharge the fluid.

(1.1.3) Rotary vane pump.

Figure(5) Vane pump

Figure(6) operation of rotary vane pump.

(1.1.4) Axial piston pump.

Figure(7) Axial piston pump

An axial piston pump has a number of pistons arranged in a circular

1. Wear between valve plate and core.

2.Hydraulic control valve:

(2.1) Spool valve.

Figure(9) Spool valve.

Figure(10) Check valve symbol.

4.Pressure relief valve.

Figure(11) Pressure relief

The torque converter consists of

mounted on the stator reaction shaft which is fixed to the transmission

impeller, giving the impeller an added boost or torque.

Figure(14) Hydraulic cylinder.

You might also like