retraction

Hershey B.
Flores
BSTM101B
Position Paper on José Rizal’s Retraction:
A Controversial Debate in
Philippine History
Introduction
The question of whether José Rizal, the Philippines' national hero, retracted his anti-
colonial views and religious beliefs before his execution in 1896 is one of the most debated
topics in Philippine history. The supposed retraction has significant implications for Rizal’s
legacy, especially regarding his views on the Catholic Church, his principles of reform, and
his ultimate role as a martyr for Philippine independence. This position paper argues that
while the retraction document exists, its authenticity is highly questionable and inconsistent
with Rizal’s lifelong advocacy for reason, freedom, and reform. The controversy should not
detract from his immense contributions to the nation.
The Retraction Controversy
The retraction document was allegedly signed by Rizal the night before his execution,
wherein he supposedly expressed regret for his writings against the Catholic Church and
reaffirmed his Catholic faith. Proponents of this claim, including some religious
institutions, argue that Rizal sought spiritual reconciliation before his death. The document
has been cited as evidence that Rizal’s anti-clerical stance was not as firm as initially
believed, and that he may have chosen salvation over his political ideals.
However, there are several factors that cast doubt on the authenticity of this retraction.
First, no verified original copy of the document has ever surfaced, and the document that
exists today is a mere facsimile of questionable origin. Second, the handwriting analysis of
the alleged retraction document has raised concerns about its authenticity, with some
scholars asserting that it does not match Rizal’s distinctive penmanship. Third, Rizal’s
close associates, including his family and colleagues in the reform movement, denied that
such a retraction took place, maintaining that Rizal remained steadfast in his principles
until his death.
Inconsistency with Rizal’s Principles
More significantly, the retraction seems to be inconsistent with the values that Rizal upheld
throughout his life. As a rationalist and reformist, Rizal believed in the separation of
church and state, advocating for reason and scientific thought over religious dogma. His
writings in *Noli Me Tangere* and *El Filibusterismo* openly criticized the abuses of the
Spanish friars and the corruption within the Catholic Church. To believe that Rizal, a man
of reason and principle, would recant these views on the eve of his execution raises serious
doubts.
Rizal’s letters to his family before his execution, his farewell poem *Mi Último Adiós*, and
his calm demeanor before his death indicate that he accepted his fate with dignity and
resolve, unshaken by fear or doubt. If Rizal had intended to retract his views, he would
have made a clear statement to that effect in these final messages, yet no such admission
exists.
Impact on Rizal’s Legacy

Whether Rizal retracted or not should not overshadow his tremendous contributions to the
Filipino people. His ideas for reform, peaceful advocacy, and his literary works remain
foundational to the nation’s identity and struggle for independence. Even if a retraction did
occur, it was likely a product of immense pressure exerted by religious authorities on a
man facing imminent death. This does not diminish his lifelong commitment to national
unity, education, and equality.
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the existence of a retraction document attributed to José Rizal has
sparked a long-standing debate, its authenticity remains questionable, and the evidence
supporting it is insufficient. The notion of Rizal retracting his beliefs is inconsistent with his
character and life’s work. Rizal’s unwavering commitment to reform, education, and
freedom defines his legacy, and his martyrdom continues to inspire Filipinos in their
pursuit of justice and national identity. Ultimately, the retraction controversy should not
cloud the monumental contributions Rizal made to Philippine society.
References:
- Ocampo, A. (2011). *Rizal Without the Overcoat*. Anvil Publishing.
- De Viana, A. V. (2004). *Jose Rizal and the University of Santo Tomas*. UST Publishing
House.
- Guerrero, L. (1963). *The First Filipino: A Biography of Jose Rizal*. National Historical
Institute.

retraction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

retraction

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

retraction

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hershey B.

Position Paper on José Rizal’s Retraction:

The Retraction Controversy

Inconsistency with Rizal’s Principles

Impact on Rizal’s Legacy

- Ocampo, A. (2011). Rizal Without the Overcoat. Anvil Publishing.

You might also like