Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report for Building construction

materials trade supply and distribution

Project proponent:- Abera, Mulugeta and their friends Micro and small
enterprise

Address: Shagar City, Laga Tafo Laga Dadi subcity Tel: - + 251911614638

Prepared by: ELAG CONSULTANCY SERVICE

Address:-Laga Tafo
TEL: +25911526561, and +251911090110
e-mail: [email protected],

Submitted to: - Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub city Environmental Protection
Authority

December, 2024

Laga Tafo

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 Declaration
Declaration of the Proponent

I, the undersigned, Building construction materials trade supply and distribution, Abera,
Mulugeta and their friends Micro and small enterprise declare that, I understood the
importance of Environmental impact Assessment and ready to continue in environmental friendly
manner without significantly harming others. The proponent also understood as the Environmental
Management Plan done before should be revised for the coming operation period and auditing
activities should be done timely.

Name ________________________

Tittle ________________________

Signature _____________________

DECLARATION OF THE CONSULTANT

I, the undersigned, the representative of ELAG Environmental Consultancy Service declare that
all the information in the report is original work of the consultant and followed all ethical and
technical principles of EIA report preparation. Any review report that is included in the
Environmental Impact Report has been given recognition through citation. Hence, I will take all
the responsibility on the creditability of the report.

Name ________________________

Tittle ________________________

Signature _____________________

Date ________________________

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 Table of Contents
Declaration .................................................................................................................................................... ii
Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................................... iii
Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................ v
Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... vi
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. The ESIA Objectives .................................................................................................................... 3
1.3. Scope of the ESIA ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Methodology of the Study............................................................................................................. 3
1.4.1. Review of Relevant Literature, Policies and Legal Documents............................................ 3
1.4.2. Field Surveys and Data Collection........................................................................................ 4
1.4.3. Stakeholders and Public Consultations ................................................................................. 4
1.4.4. Environmental Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Development of Mitigation Plan ........... 4
1.5. Organization of the ESIA Report .................................................................................................. 4
2. Scoping Report ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1. Limit of the Study Area ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2. Valued Ecosystem Component within the Study Area ................................................................. 5
3. Policies and Legal Framework ............................................................................................................. 6
3.1. Review Of Relevant Documents ................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1. The Constitution of FDRE .................................................................................................... 6
3.1.2. Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia ........................................................................................ 6
3.1.3. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia ......................................................................................... 7
3.1.4. Ethiopia’s Climate-Resilient Green Economy Strategy ........................................................ 7
3.1.5. Water Resource Policy .......................................................................................................... 8
3.1.6. Wildlife Policy ...................................................................................................................... 8
3.1.7. National Biodiversity Conservation And Research Policy ................................................... 8
3.1.8. National Population Policy ................................................................................................... 8
3.1.9. Ethiopia’s Health Policy ....................................................................................................... 9
3.1.10. EPA’s EIA Guidelines ...................................................................................................... 9
4. Description of the Project, Its Context and Base Line Environment ................................................. 12
4.1. Location of the Project /Demarcation ......................................................................................... 12
4.2. Description of the Project Operation .......................................................................................... 12
4.3. Administration and General Maintenance Facilities ................................................................... 12
5. Baseline Environment ........................................................................................................................ 13
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 5.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................................................. 13
5.2. Biological Environment .............................................................................................................. 13
5.2.1. Vegetation ............................................................................................................................... 13
5.2.2. Wild life .................................................................................................................................. 14
5.3. Socio Economic Environment .................................................................................................... 14
5.3.1. Economic activity ................................................................................................................... 14
5.3.2. Sites of religious, historical and archeological importance..................................................... 14
5.4. Public Consultations ................................................................................................................... 14
6. Impacts Identification, Evaluation & Proposed Mitigation Measures ............................................ 15
6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 15
6.2. Potential Positive Impacts ........................................................................................................... 15
6.3. Potential Negative Impacts ......................................................................................................... 16
6.3.1. Impacts During pre-construction phase .............................................................................. 16
6.3.1.1. Material Sourcing and Extraction ................................................................................... 16
6.3.1.2. Pollution and Emissions .................................................................................................. 17
6.3.1.3. Resource Depletion ......................................................................................................... 17
6.3.1.4. Environmental Compliance............................................................................................. 17
6.3.2. Impacts during Construction Phase..................................................................................... 17
6.3.3. Impacts during Operational Phase .......................................................................................... 20
7. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures ............................................................................................. 22
7.1. Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................................... 22
7.1.1. Pre-Construction Phase Mitigation Measures ..................................................................... 22
7.1.2. Construction Phase Mitigation Measures............................................................................ 22
7.1.3. Operational Phase Mitigation Measures ............................................................................. 25
7.2. Enhancement Measures............................................................................................................... 29
8. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ............................................................................ 29
8.1. Environmental Management Plan ............................................................................................... 29
8.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan.................................................................................................. 34
9. Conclusion and Recommendation ...................................................................................................... 36
9.1. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 36
9.2. Recommendation ........................................................................................................................ 36
REFERENCES............................................................................................................................................ 37

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Abbreviations
AACA Addis Ababa City Administration

DG Diesel Generator

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EPA Ethiopian Planning Authority

EPA Environmental Protection Authority

EPC Environmental Protection Council

ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan

ETB Ethiopian Birr

FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

GTP Growth & Transformation Plan

HDPE high density polyethylene

LDPE Low density polyethylene (LDPE)

MoFECC Ministry of Forest, Environment and Climate Change

PE Polyethylene

TOR Terms of Reference

UV Ultraviolet

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Executive Summary
The purpose of this Environmental and Social impact assessment is to provide guidance during the
operation of E-waste dismantling processes that proposed by Abera, Mulugeta and their friends
Micro and small enterprise in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Subcity, regarding the possible
environmental and social impacts, proposed mitigation measures, institutional arrangements and
responsibilities, monitoring, capacity building. Implementation schedule and cost estimates for
effective environmental and social impact management.

A number of legislations, policies and instruments are available to support environmental and
social impact assessment process in Ethiopia. In addition to Environment Protection Authority and
regional environmental Authority instruments, there are sector specific policies and legislations
that prescribe the conduct for managing the environment. The report is prepared so as to fulfill
Federal EPA requirements and to ensure the borrowers Environmental and social impact
Assessment which requires that all investments proposed should screened for potential adverse
environmental and social impacts and appropriate environmental work be carried out based on the
screening results.

The project name is Building construction materials trade supply and distribution Micro and
small enterprise which is located in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi sub city on a plot area 1200m2. The
establishment of the trade and distribution will create employment opportunities for 41 individuals
direct and indirect to skilled and non-skilled workers (21 female and 20 youth) in permanent with
initial investment capital of 6,700,000.00 million birr.

An environmental management plan (EMP) is provided in this report to ensure that all possible
negative impacts are dealt with as per mitigating measures. This, we can say that the proposed
project demonstrates sustainability through the integration of social and environmental factors in
to economic decision making.

The commencement of the project has many positive impacts due its objectives, scope, details,
the site and other baseline conditions. To mention the most significant positive impacts:
employment opportunity for skilled and non-skilled human power throughout all its phases;
stimulation of development through revenue and taxes that will be levied by the government;
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creation of business opportunities for various companies and individuals On other hand there have
been several environmental impacts identified as potential adverse effects of this project.

In general the significant potential adverse impacts of the proposed project, which were identified
through this EIA's methodology, were found to be: Impact on topography and land use; generation
of dust and particulate maters or emission of gaseous, dusts and particulates. These general adverse
impacts of the project have been classified below in phases.

Pre-construction phase: The environmental impacts of the pre-construction phase are far-
reaching, affecting everything from raw material extraction to the eventual disposal of electronic
products. By making environmentally conscious decisions during this phase, such as selecting
non-toxic materials, minimizing energy use, and designing for recyclability, the negative
environmental impacts can be significantly reduced. On the other hand, neglecting these
considerations can lead to increased pollution, resource depletion, and long-term environmental
damage.

Construction phase: In this phase certain environmental effects that are strictly concentrated with
working area. Construction phase also results with change in the topography, creation of waste
leftover from construction materials, suspended particulate matter emission, noise pollution,
injuries for workers etc. For prevention of all this effects a set of measures has been excavated soil
shall be deposited in a certain area, propose waste management done in accordance the Law for
waste, Sprinkling water on soil to prevent raising of dusts particles, provision for insulating caps
and aids at the exit of noise source on the machinery, protective equipment like Goggles, gloves,
respirators, dust masks, hats for workers and enforce their use.

Operation phase: Operation phase is the one when more effects on the environment are to be
expected. Key aspect during the most sensitive phase of operation is the generation of solid and
liquid waste. The above mentioned general adverse impacts will be effectively managed and where
possible eliminated through the following mitigation measures: Installation of proper solid waste
management practice based on three R's Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, utilizing sewage treatment
plant.

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Decommissioning phase a Building construction materials trade supply and distribution
project can have significant environmental impacts, including the release of air pollution, and
waste generation. Social impacts may include job loss, health risks, economic decline, and
disruption to local communities. Addressing these impacts through careful planning and mitigation
strategies is crucial for minimizing harm and ensuring a safe and responsible decommissioning
process.

Based on the findings of the environmental assessment, it is reasonable to conclude that, the
implementing of the project will bring several beneficial impacts while the negative impacts is
minimum.

The ESIA builds on experience gained under previous projects in similar factory which underlines
the fact that environmental and social planning should be an integral part of Building construction
materials trade supply and distribution process. Issues related to nuisance emission; noise
pollution, wastewater generation and occupational health and safety have been rated as important
as far as the environment and social issues are concerned and finally the estimated ESMP
Implementation budget is 240,000.00 Ethiopian Birr.

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 1. Introduction
As far as any light or large industrial projects, Environmental and social impact assessment are
necessary to integrate environmental and social issues in development activities during designing
or planning to avoid, minimize or offset adverse impacts and to enhance beneficial impacts during
construction, operation and decommissioning. Environmental and social management plan
proposed in the environmental and social impact assessment study must fully integrated with the
overall project management efforts at all levels, which should be aimed at providing a high level
of quality control, leading to a project which has been properly designed, constructed and provides
functions effectively throughout its life.

Environmental impact assessment (EIA for short) is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia. It becomes
a legally required procedure toward the end of year 2002. Since the Environmental Impact
Assessment Proclamation № 299 of 2002 was adopted by the House of Peoples‟ Representatives,
some efforts have been made to implement the law by the EPA and the relevant regional
environmental organs, which were themselves established by Proclamation № 295 of 2002.

Economic development can have major impacts on the environment by degrading soils, polluting
bodies of water, altering landscapes and threatening biodiversity, in some cases driving species
into extinction. In turn, environmental impacts can impose significant economic and social costs
on society, especially with regard to human health. EIA, however, can predict development’s
negative effects and reveal strategies to avoid and mitigate them, and EIA can also point to
possibilities to enhance the positive effects of development activities. EIA arose in response to the
pollution and the unnecessary degradation of natural resources caused by rapid and unsustainable
industrialization, agricultural development, and technological progress. EIA recognizes that
natural resources are finite and incapable of absorbing the unchecked demands of modern society.
EIA assesses the impacts of proposed initiatives before work on the initiatives begins. EIA is a
formal study process and is used to predict the environmental consequences of a proposed major
development project. In addition to assisting the formulation of proper development policy, EIA
also provides a forum for public involvement in the decision-making process (UNEP, 1988).

This environmental impact assessment report is an information document for decision makers and
the public in their review of the potential impacts of the projects, as well as in the evaluation of

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alternatives and mitigation measures which may minimize, avoid or eliminate those impacts. As
such, this document includes a full discussion of the project description, the existing environmental
setting, environmental impacts, mitigation measures, any residual impacts that may exist after
mitigation.
1.1. Background
Over the past few years, Ethiopia has registered remarkable growth in the industrial sector with
the view to address the ever increasing demand as result of higher than anticipated economic
improvement and renewed interest for construction material manufacturing due to high population
increase in the country. The industrial sector not only contributing for sustainable development,
but also create ample job opportunities nationwide.

As rule of thumb, Building construction materials trade supply and distribution enterprise should
adhere to acceptable environmental and social safeguards for sustainable and green economy of
the country. The project is, as far as it proposed to install on the existing company's licensed land,
not result in involuntary resettlement and land acquisition. Therefore, no needs of preparation of
resettlement action plan for this project. However, there are risks of significant negative
environmental and social impacts, owing to:-

 Inherent environmental risks involved in including nuisance emission, noise pollution, soil
contamination, solid and liquid wastes, contamination of water bodies and ground water
sources, impact on people health, economic and social activities in the vicinity of the project.
 Social risks, particularly during construction and operation of projects such as occupational
health and safety problems, road safety and accidents.

Building construction materials trade supply and distribution enterprise will take these risks
seriously owing to the importance of the environmental and social impacts involved and pressing
need to ensure improvements in people's well-being. People's livelihood often dependent on a
sustainable environment, and hence adverse environmental or social impacts in all the project
components carefully avoided.

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 1.2. The ESIA Objectives
The objective of the PESIA is to ensure that all steps are taken to address the adverse environmental
and social impacts of the project. The ESIA:
 Outlines project background and the activities that will be undertaken during project
implementation as well as its anticipated positive and negative environmental and social
impacts;
 Explains project execution reliance with EPA polices and guidelines;
 Describes the measures proposed to mitigate negative, and to enhance positive, environmental
and social impacts;
 Defines the institutional structure to govern the implementation of the ESIA;
 Defines the specific actions requires, roles and responsibilities for the actions, and associated
costs; and
 Describes capacity building requirements for the implementation of the ESMP;
 Finally elaborates methods of monitoring and parameters to be monitoring.
1.3. Scope of the ESIA
The scope of the study entails assessment of the environmental and social impacts of Building
construction materials trade supply and distribution in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub-City. The total
plot area of the project is 1200m2. The environmental and social assessment covers physical and
social impacts of project activities during construction and operation phases of the building project.

1.4. Methodology of the Study

The ESIA study was based on review of the legal requirements of the government of Ethiopia in
relation to environmental management; the safeguard requirements of the World Bank; review of
pertinent literature; collection of relevant secondary data; field surveys at the project site and
collection of primary baseline data; and conducting informal consultations with key stakeholders
in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub-City at the project site.
1.4.1. Review of Relevant Literature, Policies and Legal Documents
Policies, legislation and guidelines pertinent to environmental protection were gathered and
reviewed for assessing the relevant environmental policies, laws and regulations related to
environmental protection matters in general and the expected environmental impacts of the
proposed development in particular. Moreover, available documents related to the proposed
project were collected and reviewed in order to obtain important data/ information about the
project.

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 1.4.2. Field Surveys and Data Collection
Field investigation and collection of detailed data on social and natural environment was carried
out at the project area. The aim of the survey was to collect baseline environmental data for the
project influence area, and to identify sensitive environmental components that are likely would
have significant effect due to the implementation and operation of the envisaged building project.
Data collection was carried out using checklist. The checklist was filled at the site and used to
identify potential socio-environmental impacts and to categorized and determine the level of EIA
to be conducted.
1.4.3. Stakeholders and Public Consultations
During the field survey concerned authorities and experts in Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub-City were
contacted and consulted. Information related to the possible project adverse impacts; measures
proposed for managing the negative impacts; attitudes of the Woreda administration towards the
proposed project; and level of participation and contribution for the implementation of the
proposed building project were assessed. These information and opinions have been considered
in this environmental impact analysis.
1.4.4. Environmental Impacts, Mitigation Measures and Development of Mitigation Plan
Following the evaluation of the baseline conditions and analysis of stakeholder’s opinions,
environmental impacts likely to result from the proposed building project were identified.
Subsequent to identification of potential impacts and evaluation of their significance, appropriate
mitigation measures that are capable of avoiding, reducing or offsetting the negative impacts to
acceptable levels were identified and recommended. Finally, an Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) that comprises the outline of significant environmental impacts and their corresponding
mitigation measures and the responsible bodies for implementation and monitoring was prepared.
1.5. Organization of the ESIA Report

The ESIA report of plastic manufacturing factory is organized as follows:-Chapter one deals with
introduction, objective and methodology; chapter two includes scoping report; chapter three
reviewing pertinent environmental management and development policy documents; chapter four
encompasses project description, and description of baseline environmental condition of proposed
project; chapter five inferred impact identification, evaluation and proposed mitigation measures;
chapter six describes environmental management &monitoring plan; chapter seven deals with
public consultations; finally conclusion and recommendation summarized in chapter eight.

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2. Scoping Report
2.1. Limit of the Study Area

In the aim of deciding upon the limits of the study area for the project and drawing the list of
activities and impacts to be studied during the assessment, the consulting firm carried out an initial
environmental examination and scoping. The scoping exercise has been carried out with the
following main objectives:
 To define the limits of the study area
 To define list of Valued Ecosystem Components within the study area
 To define list of activities, type and magnitude of the proposed project
 To define list of Impacts to be studied.
In order to carry out the above tasks, the firm employed different tools and techniques relevant to
the proposed project. Use of environmental scoping checklists and informal consultation of
different stakeholders (including experts, local administrators, and people, etc) are considered to
accomplish the tasks.
The proposed project vicinity is accessible for all infrastructure, water and energy. Therefore, the
proposed project will be implemented without any difficulty within the project schedule. In
addition, the project vicinity already delineated for building purpose and land acquisition
compensation is not needed. Therefore, there was no visible limitation observed in the project
vicinity.
2.2.Valued Ecosystem Component within the Study Area

The project as indicated earlier is located in Shagar City Administration Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub-
City and established at the area proposed for trade purpose. There are no sensitive ecosystems in
the vicinity the value of which might be affected. The vicinity is already occupied with large,
medium and small trade and distribution currently under operation. Therefore, there is no
significant natural ecosystem to be impacted by the project.

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3. Policies and Legal Framework
3.1.Review Of Relevant Documents
3.1.1. The Constitution of FDRE
The Constitution of Ethiopia, adopted in August 1995 through Proclamation No. 1/1995, contains
a number of articles, which are relevant to environmental matters in connection with development
projects, and forms the fundamental basis for the development of specific environmental
legislative instruments.
In the section, which deals with democratic rights, Article 43 gives the right to people to improved
living standards and to sustainable development. Article 92 of Chapter 10 (which sets out national
policy principles and objectives), includes the following significant environmental objectives:

 Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy
environment as stated in Article 44,
 Development projects shall not damage or destroy the environment,
 People have the right to full consultation and the expression of views in the planning and
implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly,
 Government and citizens shall have the duty to protect the environment.
3.1.2. Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
Since the early 1990s, the Federal Government of Ethiopia has undertaken a number of initiatives
to develop regional, national and sectoral strategies for environmental conservation and protection.
Paramount amongst these was Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia (CSE), approved by the Council
of Ministers, which provided a strategic framework for integrating environmental planning into
new and existing policies, programs and projects. The CSE is approved by the Federal
Government, and it is an important policy document. The CSE itself provides a comprehensive
and rational approach to environmental management in a very broad sense, covering national and
regional strategies, sectoral and cross-sectoral policies, action plans and programmes, as well as
providing the basis for development of appropriate institutional and legal frameworks for
implementation.

The plan comprehensively presented the exiting situation within the country and gave priority
actions plan on the short and medium term. In particular, it recognizes the importance of
incorporating environmental factors into development activities from the outset, so that planners

6
may take into account environmental protection as an essential component of economic, social and
cultural development.
3.1.3. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia
This PESIA conform to the Environmental Policy of Ethiopia issued in April 1997. The overall
policy goal is to improve and enhance the health and quality of life for Ethiopians, to promote
sustainable social and economic development through sound management and use of
natural/human and cultural resources and their environment as a whole and to meet immediate and
long term needs. The policy established the authority of the Environmental Protection Authority
and was assigned the responsibility for appraisal of projects with regard to their environmental
implications. In line with this power and duties, EPA has issued an Environmental Impact
Assessment Proclamation (no: 299/2002) on the 3rd of December 2002 and an EIA guideline
document which provides details of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process and its
requirements. The Proclamation stated that projects shall be subject to EIA and no proponent shall
commence implementation of a project without authorization from the Authority or from the
Relevant Regional Agency, as appropriate. Moreover, table 1 bellow elaborates applicable policies
and regulation for gypsum powder manufacturing industry.
3.1.4. Ethiopia’s Climate-Resilient Green Economy Strategy
Ethiopia is experiencing the effects of climate change. Besides the direct effects such as an increase
in average temperature or a change in rainfall patterns, climate change also presents the necessity
and opportunity to switch to a new, sustainable development model. The Government of the
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia has therefore issued the Climate-Resilient Green
Economy strategy in 2011 to protect the country from the adverse effects of climate change and to
build a green economy that will help to realize its ambition of reaching middle income status before
2025.
The Climate-Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) initiative follows a sectoral approach and has
identified and prioritized several initiatives, which could help the country achieve its development
goals while limiting today’s 150 Mt CO2e emissions to around 250 Mt CO2e in 2030, which is
by far less than the estimated emission under a conventional development path. The green
economy plan is based on four pillars:

 Improving crop and livestock production practices for higher food security and farmer
income while reducing emissions,

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  Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem services, including
as carbon stocks,
 Expanding electricity generation from renewable sources of energy for domestic and
regional markets, and
 Leapfrogging to modern and energy-efficient technologies in transport, industrial sectors,
and buildings.
3.1.5. Water Resource Policy
The Ministry of Water Resources formulated the Federal Water Resource Policy in 1998 for
comprehensive and integrated water resource management. The overall goal of the water resources
policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards the efficient and optimum utilization
of the available water resources for socio-economic development on sustainable bases. The
document includes policies to establish and institutionalize environment conservation and
protection requirements as integral parts of water resources planning and project development.
3.1.6. Wildlife Policy
The Wildlife Policy was developed in 2006 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
The prime objective of the policy is to create conducive environment for the preservation,
development and sustainable utilization of Ethiopia’s wildlife resources for social and economic
development and for the integrity of the biosphere/ biodiversity. It covers a wide range of policies
and strategies relating, amongst others, to wildlife conservation and protected areas with four
categories from the highest protection ranking ‘National Park’, followed by ‘Game Reserve’ and
‘Sanctuary’ to ‘Controlled Hunting Area’.
3.1.7. National Biodiversity Conservation And Research Policy
The National Biodiversity Conservation and Research Policy, adopted in 1998, provide policy
directives with regard to conservation, development and sustainable utilization of the genetic
resources and essential ecosystems of the country as well as the need to build national capacity to
collect, evaluate, conserve and utilize the country’s biodiversity. The need to regulate access to
genetic resources through various measures, including legislation and building appropriate
institutional structures and mechanisms is also emphasized. Moreover, strengthening capacity for
information collection and documentation, encouraging networking and generally integration of
biodiversity conservation, research and development elements in education and general awareness
programmers are considered important.
3.1.8. National Population Policy

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This Policy was issued in April 1993 and aims at closing the gap between high population growth
and low economic productivity through a planned reduction in population growth combined with
an increase in economic returns. With specific reference to natural resources, the main objectives
of National Population Policy are:
 making population and economic growth compatible and the over-exploitation of natural
resources unnecessary;
 ensuring spatially balanced population distribution patterns, with a view to maintaining
environmental security and extending the scope of development activities;
 improving productivity of agriculture and introducing off-farm/ non-agricultural activities
for the purpose of employment diversification; and
 Maintaining and improving the accommodating capacity of the environment by taking
appropriate environmental protection and conservation measures.
3.1.9. Ethiopia’s Health Policy
Ethiopia’s health policy was issued in 1993, with the aim of giving special attention to women and
children, to neglected regions and segments of the population, and to victims of man-made
disasters. The priority areas of the policy are in the field of Information Education and
Communication (IEC) of health to create awareness and behavioral change of the society towards
health issues, emphasis on the control of communicable disease, epidemics, and on diseases that
are related to malnutrition and poor living condition, promotion of occupational health and safety,
the development of environmental health, rehabilitation of health infrastructures, appropriate
health service management system, attention to traditional medicines, carrying out applied health
research, provision of essential medicines, and expansion of frontline and middle level health
professionals.
3.1.10. EPA’s EIA Guidelines
In view of implementing the EIA legislation, EPA has prepared and issued a number of
environmental guidelines. Among these are the technical and procedural EIA guidelines, which
were issued in 2000 and 2003 respectively. They are intended to guide developers, competent
agencies and other stakeholders in carrying out EIAs. The procedural guideline details the required
procedures for conducting an EIA, the permit requirements, the stages and procedures involved in
EIA process, and the roles and responsibilities of parties involved in the EIA process. It also
includes the categories of projects (schedule of activities) concerning the requirement of EIA, and
list of project types under each category.

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 The technical guideline specifies tools particularly standards and guidelines that may be considered
when engaging in the EIA process, and details key issues for environmental assessment in specific
development sectors. The Guideline provides the categories, the relevant requirements for an EIA
and lists project types under each category. In accordance with this Guideline, projects are
categorized into three schedules:
Schedule 1:- Projects which may have adverse and/or significant environmental impacts and
therefore require a full Environmental Impact Assessment.
Schedule 2:- Projects whose type, scale or other relevant characteristics have potential to cause
some significant environmental impacts but are not likely to warrant a full EIA study.
Schedule 3:- Projects which would have no impact and do not require an EIA.
Therefore, the proposed E-waste recycling factory has potential to cause adverse and/or significant
environmental impacts and therefore require a full Environmental Impact Assessment. Hence, this
proposed would fall into Schedule 1; Because it is expected to bring adverse and/or significant
environmental and social impacts due to it generates, nuisance, noise soil contamination, and water
pollution and pose risks on human health.
Table 1 Summary of key environmental policies, laws and regulations
No. Policies/Proclamation n/Act/Rules Purposes Applicable
(Yes/No)
1 Federal constitutions Article 43: the right to people to improved living Yes
standards & to sustainable development.
Article 44: states that all persons have the right to a
clean and healthy environment
2 Proclamation on Establishment of Enacted to assign responsibilities to separate Yes
Environmental organizations for environmental development &
management activities on one hand, and
Protection Organs
environmental protection, regulations and monitoring
Proc. No. 295/2002 on the other, in order to ensure sustainable use of
environmental resources, thereby avoiding possible
conflicts of interest & duplication of effort.
3 Proclamation on EIA Proc. No. Enacted to make an EIA mandatory for specified Yes
categories of activities undertaken either by the public
299/2002
or private sectors & to ensure EIA as a legal tool for
environmental planning, management & monitoring

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4 Proclamation on Environmental Focuses on the right of each citizen to have a healthy Yes
environment, as well as on the obligation to protect
Pollution control
the environment of the country.
Proc. No. 300/2002
5 Proclamation on The major objectives are to conserve, manage, Yes
develop and properly utilize the wildlife resources of
Development,
Ethiopia; to create conditions necessary for
Conservation and discharging government obligations
Utilization of Assumed under treaties regarding the conservation,
development and utilization of wildlife; and to
Wildlife Proc. No.
promote wildlife-based tourism and to encourage
541/2007 private investment.
6 Proclamation on Focuses on the development, conservation and Yes
sustainable utilization of forests in satisfying the
Forest Development, Conservation
needs of the society for forest products and in the
and
enhancement of national economy in general. It
Utilization Proc. No. provides the basis for sustainable utilization of the
542/2007 country‟s forest resources.
7 Proclamation on Deals with appropriation of land for development Yes
works carried out by the government and
Expropriation of Land Holdings and
determination of compensation for a person whose
Payment of landholding has been expropriated.
Compensation Proc.
No. 455/2005
8 Proclamation on Provides legal requirements for Ethiopian water Yes
resources management, protection and utilization.
Ethiopian Water
Resources
Management Proc.
No. 197/2000
9 Proclamation on Enhancing popular participation in implementing the Yes
country’s health sector policy, promoting attitudinal
Public Health Proc.
changes through primary health care approach and
No. 200/2000 promoting healthy environment for the future
generation.

11
 4. Description of the Project, Its Context and Base Line Environment
4.1. Location of the Project /Demarcation
The project is located in Shagar City, in the Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub-City one of the 12 sub cities
in Shagar City. It is located with a total area of 1200m2. The project will be established on the
leased land owned and it is under the supervision of the Laga Tafo Laga Dadi Sub-City
Administration.
4.2. Description of the Project Operation

Building construction materials trade supply and distribution operations cannot proceed on the site
without the consideration of a number of factors that may have an impact on the surrounding
environment and community if not managed appropriately. The issue of nuisance, noise, soil
contamination, water pollution, wastewater and solid waste management holds some significance.
The operations will generate noise, odor and traffic to a degree and the levels, impacts and
mitigation measures should be implemented to adequately protect the local community. The site
is a prominent development within an urban setting and as such, landscaping measures should
reflect Building construction materials trade supply and distribution objective to minimize impacts
on the visual amenity in the area. The project will result in the creation of 41 direct job opportunity
to the skilled and semiskilled workers youth and women).
4.3. Administration and General Maintenance Facilities
Several ancillary facilities will be constructed within the area of the plot owned Building
construction materials trade supply and distribution on the site, including:

 Raw materials and finished products stores

 Control center area
 Administrative/office area.

12
5. Baseline Environment
5.1. Physical Environment
5.1.1. Geography

The project area is located in the Oromia regional state, Shagar City, Laga Tafo Laga Dadi sub
city, Danbal Tafo woreda. It situated about 21 kms away from the capital Addis Ababa to the way
to Finfinne –Dessie road. The project site covers the total area 1200 m2 of land. The site is
accessible by all-weather roads. The sub city is found at 900 2’30” Latitude and 380 03’30”-380
41’30” East Longitude. The project provides employment between 41 Ethiopian, which will help
a lot towards alleviation of unemployment, which is currently very important for the Ethiopian
economy and welfare.

5.1.2. Climate

Like almost all parts of Ethiopia, the project area in general is characterized by four distinct
seasons: summer, June–August; autumn, September–November; spring, December–February; and
winter, March–May. Summer is the rainy season and autumn denotes the end of the rainy season.
Winter is normally the dry season, which extended to spring, but occasionally raining starts late in
spring. The mean annual temperature in the Laga Tafo Laga Dadi was 15.02 °C (Admasu et al.,
2022)

5.1.3. Soil Type

Soil types in the project are wide-ranging. Vertisols, Leptosols, and Cambisols are the predominant
soil types in the area. Luvisols and Fluvisols are also commonly found in the subcity.
5.1.4. Water Resources

There are no water courses in the project site. The site will be abstracting water from a permitted
borehole on the property which was already installed and operational for the dairy farm plant. It is
unknown if any pump testing or quantitative modeling was undertaken to determine the recharge
and sustainability of the borehole before it was drilled or permitted. Boreholes are used extensively
in the area as there is no connection to a main supply. There is boreholes located on the properties
on either side of the site (within 150m), it is understood that these are utilized however the usage
and water quality is unknown.
5.2. Biological Environment
5.2.1. Vegetation

13
Currently the site was fully urbanized/ and there also are grasses and plant species commonly
observed on and around the site.
5.2.2. Wild life
The diverse climate and topography phenomena have provided a wide range of environments
which form favorable habitat for a formation of wide variety of fauna and flora in project area
generally and in the project site specifically.
5.3. Socio Economic Environment
5.3.1. Economic activity
The majority of the economic activities of the proposed project area fall into the sub-urban
agricultural practices on fragmented lands and keeping few livestock for their subsistence
livelihoods. As the investment activities are flourishing in these areas these days many are being
converted from their subsistence agriculture to employees and traders. The soil of the proposed
project area is suitable for crop production like wheat, barely legumes and livestock production
like cattle, sheep, chickens and others.
5.3.2. Sites of religious, historical and archeological importance
The project site observation showed that there is no religious historical or archeological site with
significance importance in the proposed project area. Because this site was stay on the hand of
promoter, without informal license they are doing normal trade for a long period of time.
5.4. Public Consultations
In Ethiopia, there are a number of Federal and regional regulations and guidelines which require
consultation with project related beneficiaries and affected peoples. To this in effect, community
participation and consultations were undertaken among stakeholders in the administrative
hierarchy of the administration in which the proposed dairy farm and milk processing is going to
be installed as an integral part of the ESMP report preparation because the proposed project is
found far from households and found in medium and small trade and distribution site. The
communities discuss the impacts of the project and most of participants are agree with
implementation of the project.

14
6. Impacts Identification, Evaluation & Proposed Mitigation Measures
6.1. Introduction
This Chapter deals with the identification and appraisal of various environmental and social
impacts due to the proposed project based on the prevailing baseline setting and inventory of
pollution sources.

Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary
impacts are those, which attribute directly due to the proposed project and the secondary
impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investments
and changed patterns of social and economic developments.

The proposed project is likely to create impact on the environment in two distinct phases:
 During the construction phase, which may be regarded as temporary or short term; and

 During the operation phase which will have long-term effects.

The construction and operation phases of the proposed project comprises of various activities each
of which will have some impact on one or more environmental parameters. Various impacts
during the operation phase of the project have been studied to estimate the impact on the
environment and are discussed briefly in the subsequent sections. The project under consideration
has positive and negative impacts.
6.2. Potential Positive Impacts
Based on project particulars and the existing environmental and social conditions, potential
positive impacts identified that are likely to result from the proposed project are:-
Income to the Equipment and Material suppliers: This project will promote the procurement
of equipment’s and machineries for the various activities involved during the construction phase
where it is technically and commercially feasible. Procurement of material suppliers for various
activities involved in the construction phase will also promote the growth and the economy of the
local material suppliers in and around the proposed Project site. Finally, The State Government
will benefit through revenue recovery from excise duty.

Employment Opportunities (41 skilled and non-skilled): the proposed project will create
employment opportunities to the local people present around the Project Site for Engineers,
Labors, security guards, housekeepers etc. will be created due to the factory installation. These
levels of short-term employment opportunities would have a positive impact on the local economy
and on reduction of regional unemployment rate.

15
Local entrepreneurship: The project will provide opportunities for local subcontractors in several
areas: construction, sale of goods and equipment related to the activities of the project services.
People Migrate towards the proposed project area. Due to this near to project site, the house rent
increases. Subsequently, economics status of the surrounding people increases. This further
increase Market & Business Establishment facilities.

Conditions of women and gender: jobs chain for women will lower the unemployment rate of
women and improve their living conditions. The use of products will reduce the drudgery of
housework.

6.3. Potential Negative Impacts

As a result of the proposed project operation, potential negative environmental and social impacts
are likely to occur and the impacts may include dust emission, noise pollution wastewater and
solid waste generation, occupational health and safety problems. Furthermore, identified source of
impacts are: construction works, transportation of products and raw materials, operation phase
during manufacture of different products, packaging manufactured products, human presence,
management of liquid and solid wastes, the physical presence of facilities.

Environmental aspects, likely to be affected by the project are: air quality, sound atmosphere, water
quality, soil, and health and safety of people and workers. These all are however preventable,
manageable and reversible. The following impacts were identified and evaluated for the mitigation
measures.

6.3.1. Impacts During pre-construction phase

The environmental impacts of the pre-construction phase in Building construction materials trade
supply and distribution management are significant as they lay the groundwork for trade and
distribution are designed, produced, and ultimately disposed.

6.3.1.1.Material Sourcing and Extraction

The selection of raw materials during the pre-construction phase has a direct environmental impact.
The extraction of materials like rare earth metals, gold, and other minerals often involves
environmentally damaging mining practices, leading to deforestation, habitat destruction, soil
erosion, and water contamination.

16
6.3.1.2.Pollution and Emissions
The pre-construction phase influences the type and quantity of emissions released during the
construction process. This includes air and water pollutants from site, which can have adverse
effects on local environments and communities.
6.3.1.3. Resource Depletion

The demand for specific materials in building construction, such as rare earth elements, can lead
to resource depletion. These materials are often non-renewable, and their excessive use can
contribute to the exhaustion of natural resources, impacting biodiversity and ecosystem services.

6.3.1.4.Environmental Compliance

Compliance with environmental regulations during the pre-construction phase can mitigate
negative impacts. However, if regulations are weak or not enforced, companies may opt for
cheaper, environmentally harmful practices that contribute to pollution and ecological damage.

6.3.2. Impacts during Construction Phase

6.3.2.1.Impact on Topography and Land Use

The proposed project will be developed in 1200m2 areas in Shagar City Administration, Laga Tafo
Laga Dadi sub city. The site is devoid of any forest as it was preplanned for the trade area. Further,
the site is devoid of any human habitations hence evacuation of the project-affected persons is not
involved in this project. Hence, no resettlement and rehabilitation issues are involved in the
proposed project.
This ultra-modern project will be developed while undertaking minimum cutting for making
terraces for construction of buildings while making minimum modifications in the terrain
conditions and implementing appropriate environmental measures.

During Construction there will be essentially entail the removal and loss of some, if not most, of
the existing trees and underlying grassland at the project site, and the permanent erection of block
and steel concrete structures associated with site new infrastructure. This would constitute a loss
of alternative land use, an irreversible commitment of land resources, and thus a direct long-term
impact.

17
There will be a change in the topography, which will be covered with the buildings and road
network in the site. However, there will be a significant improvement in the aesthetics of the site.
6.3.2.2.Impact on Soil
The proposed project site is presently not used for cultivation. The topsoil removed from the site
will be stored in dumps during construction period and in the post construction phase, the topsoil
will be spread on the un-built area of the plot and tree plantations and green belt development will
be taken up. As the topsoil removed from the site will be re-used for growth of plants, no adverse
impact is envisaged due to removal of topsoil from the site.

6.3.2.3.Impact on Air Quality

During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which will be
generated during the site development activities such as leveling of land, cutting and filling
activities, transportation of construction material to the project site from various sources. As most
of the construction equipment will be mobile, the emissions are likely to be fugitive and not
concentrated at a single place or source. As the impacts will be localized in nature, the areas outside
the proposed project boundary are not likely to face any significant adverse impact with respect to
ambient air quality. No major vegetative cover exists in the immediate vicinity of the project.
Hence no impacts on terrestrial flora and fauna are envisaged due to construction activities.

6.3.2.4.Impact on Water Quality

During construction phase, water will be required only for construction of structures, sprinkling
on roads for dust suppression, domestic and non-domestic uses of the construction workers, that
too only during daytime.

Impact on water quality during construction phase will be due to non-point discharges of sewage
generated at the project site by the construction workforce. However, due to relatively smaller area
that will be taken-up for construction the impact of water discharges at the site will be negligible.

At the construction site, adequate number of toilets with hygienic environment will be provided.
Sanitary wastewater will be treated in packaged STP and treated water will be utilized for dust
suppression.
6.3.2.5.Impact due to Solid Waste Generation
During construction period, Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work
would include cut vegetation and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden,

18
scaffolding, bags and waste earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and
surrounding environment if not properly managed and disposed of at an approved dumpsite.
Cleared vegetation burned onsite would generate smoke, possibly impacting negatively on ambient
air quality and human health. Vegetation and solid waste, if allowed to accumulate in drainage
ways, could cause localized pooling and flooding. Pooling of water, in turn, would create
conditions conducive to the breeding of nuisance and health-threatening pests such as mosquitoes
and rats. Poor construction waste management constitutes a short-term, possibly long term,
negative impact.
6.3.2.6.Impact on Noise Levels
The major sources of noise during the construction phase will be due to operation of construction
equipment’s such as rock drills, pneumatic tools, concrete mixers, cranes, generators, pumps,
compressors, vibrators, etc. The operation of these equipment’s will generate noise ranging
between 70-85 dB (A). Due to moderate levels of construction activities, the anticipated noise
generation during construction phase will be mostly confined to the facility itself and not
anticipated to have significant adverse impacts on the surrounding ambient noise levels. In order
to have less impact on noise levels in the area, the major works will be carried out during daytime
as much as possible. Some construction equipment may generate more noise levels and might
affect the personnel operating these equipment’s. In order to safeguard the construction workers
working at the noise generation sources, these personnel will be provided with proper personal
protective equipment such as earplugs, earmuffs, etc. Hence, no significant impact is envisaged
due to the operation of the noise generating equipment at the project site, if suitable mitigation
measures are adopted.
6.3.2.7.Impact on Terrestrial Ecology
The proposed project site is devoid of forest or thick vegetation. Only small bushes which have
grown in the recent past due to non-cultivation of the area will be removed during leveling
operations. Hence, there will not be any major impact on the terrestrial ecology of the project site
due to construction activities.

6.3.2.8.Occupational Health and Safety

During the proposed works, there may be increased hazards to health and safety such as dust, air,
and noise pollution. The workforce and general public involved would be more subjected to these
environmental hazards and disturbances. Foods for the construction workforce are usually

19
provided by itinerant individuals most of who operate without license. This can compromise health
of the workers especially if such foodstuffs are prepared unhygienic ally.

6.3.3. Impacts during Operational Phase

The following activities related to the operational phase will have some varying impacts on the
environment and are considered for impact assessment:

6.3.3.1.Impact on Topography
During the operational phase of the project, no impact on topography of the project site will be
experienced, as all the land leveling and construction activities will be completed during the
construction phase of the project itself. However, the avenue plantation will be grown with which
the aesthetics will improve further.
6.3.3.2.Impact on Land Use and landscape
All the structures in the proposed project will be developed as per the prevailing stipulations of
Government of Ethiopia. Care will be taken in provision of adequate parking spaces as per norms,
the project will not face any shortage in parking space and accordingly all vehicles of the project
will be parked inside the project site premises..
6.3.3.3.Impact on Soil Quality

All the impacts related with soils are restricted to the construction phase only; hence there will not
be any impact of the proposed project on soils of the project site during the operational phase. The
topsoil removed during construction stage will be spread on landscaped areas and plantation will
be developed. The matured plantation will help reduction of possible soil erosion.

6.3.3.4.Impact on Water Quality

Disposal of domestic wastewater generated may also affect the quality. Impacts due to Liquid
waste from the proposed project will also affect the water quality.
6.3.3.5.Impact due to Solid Waste Generation
During operational phase of the project, solid wastes are not typically generated in project. A
temporary storage facility as per the country’s waste collection and disposal guidelines shall be
provided inside the Park with 15 days capacity. Such waste shall be sent to the identified landfill
facility on a periodical basis.
6.3.3.6.Impact due to Fire Accidents
The proposed project design and development has been planned with utmost care and all provisions
have been made for the safety and security of the property as well as the personnel. For preventing

20
fires wherever possible, fireproof materials will be used in construction. Appropriate electrical
cables and other electric appliances will be used in the project to avoid fire accidents. For
protection against fire, all the blocks and yards will be equipped with efficient firefighting system.
6.3.3.7.Impact on Air Quality
Fugitive Emissions: As the entire project area will be covered with good landscaping and
tree/grass cover, generation of fugitive dust within the premises is not anticipated. Even the dust,
outside the project will be minimal due to the proposed compound walls, which will function as
barriers and tree plantations along the boundary. Further, all fugitive emissions are likely to be
controlled to a great extent, through proper maintenance of tree plantations and the green belt
development undertaken within the project.

Recommended pollution prevention and control techniques for emission of particulate matter
include:

6.3.3.8.Impact on Noise Levels

The noise generating sources from the proposed project is DG sets only. There is no other major
noise generating sources. The noise levels at the source for these units will be in the range of 70-
85 dB (A).
6.3.3.9.Impacts on Public Health
The discharge of waste materials (wastewater and solid wastes) from the project can have some
adverse impacts on public health in the surrounding area, if appropriate treatment procedures are
not followed. As the project will be designed as per the modern available technology for
controlling the impacts, no adverse impacts on public health in the area are anticipated. During the
operation stage of the project the healthcare workers may come in contact with the
incident/accident or infected and contaminated instruments.

Health and Safety: The implementation of the project’s industrial infrastructure, transport and
storage of materials, construction and plant operation will result in respiratory problems, infections
and diseases related to the development of pollution, the risk of injury as a result of an accident.

21
7. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures
This section contains a description of mitigation measures for adverse impacts, measures for
enhancing the beneficial effects, and the cost of mitigation against the impacts.
7.1.Mitigation Measures
As impacts from project development are unavoidable, all approaches of mitigation measures are
essential and needed in order to protect the affected environmental quality.

Mitigation measures involve avoiding of impact altogether, minimizing the impact, rectifying the
impact and gradual elimination of impact over time. Depending on the nature, these measures will
be implemented by Abera, Mulugeta and their friends Micro and small enterprise in collaboration
with the local authorities and communities.
7.1.1. Pre-Construction Phase Mitigation Measures
7.1.1.1.Design for Disassembly
Modular Design: Design products with modular components that can be easily removed and
replaced. This not only facilitates repairs but also makes recycling easier.
Standardized Parts: Use standardized screws and fasteners that simplify disassembly and
encourage the reuse and recycling of components.
7.1.1.2.Energy Consumption During Manufacturing
Energy-Efficient Processes: Integrate energy-efficient manufacturing processes and machinery
to reduce the overall carbon footprint.
Renewable Energy Use: Source energy from renewable sources such as solar or wind during
production to minimize environmental impact.
7.1.2. Construction Phase Mitigation Measures
The construction phase involves site preparation, transportation of construction materials and
equipment and construction of the infrastructure. During this phase, it is imminent that
workers/laborers will be staying on site till the completion of construction. However, this is not a
long-term impact as this is a temporary phase.

From the above activity, it is envisaged that there will be some effect on the existing environment.
To minimize these impacts, the proponent will undertake all preventive and remedial measures,
which are outlined hereunder.

22
7.1.2.1.Land Environment
The following management measures will be adopted:
 During the construction phase, as soon as construction is over, the surplus earth will be
utilized to fill up the low lying areas, the rubbish will be cleared and all un-built surfaces be
reinstated;
 The top soil from the excavated areas will be preserved in separate stacks for re-use during
the plantation;

 There will be minimum/optimum concreting of the top surfaces so that sufficient scope for
maximum groundwater recharge due to rainfall with appropriate rain water harvesting
measures.

7.1.2.2.Water Environment
During monsoon period, the surface run-off will be likely to be affected due to the construction
work and loosening of topsoil. This will be likely to increase the suspended solids in the run-off
during heavy precipitation. Construction activities will be sustained during heavy rains and
construction material shall be properly covered.

In order to reduce the impact on water quality, temporary sedimentation tanks and bunds will be
constructed for the settlement of the suspended matter.

7.1.2.3.Sanitation
The construction site will be provided with adequate toilet facilities for workers to meet the proper
standards of hygiene. These facilities will be connected to a packaged STP and maintained to
ensure minimum environmental impact.

7.1.2.4.Air Environment
Since there will be likelihood of fugitive dust from the construction activity, material handling and
from the truck movement in the premises, the project should go for tree plantation program along
the boundaries of the project site.
The working area for the uprooting of shrubs or vegetation or for the removal of boulders or
temporary or permanent structures shall be sprayed with water or dust suppression mechanisms
immediately before, during and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface
wet.
7.1.2.5.Noise Level

23
Generation of noise during construction phase will be due to operation of heavy equipment and
increased frequency of vehicular traffic in the area. Vibration levels will also increase due to these
activities. However, these impacts will be short term and intermittent in nature. The noise effect
on the nearest inhabitants during the construction activity will be negligible, as the noise levels
will be dissipated within the project site itself. Nevertheless, the following mitigation measures
will be adopted:

 Provision for insulating caps and aids at the exit of noise source on the machinery;
 The use of damping materials such as thin rubber/lead sheet for wrapping the work places like
compressors, generator sheets;

 Shock absorbing techniques will be adopted to reduce impact;

 Inlet and outlet mufflers will be provided, which are easy to design;
 Earmuffs will be provided to the workers and it should be enforced to be used by the workers;
 Noise prone activities will be restricted to the extent possible during night time, particularly
during the period between 10 pm to 6 am in order to have minimum environmental impact on
the workers as well as on the neighborhood; and

 No worker will be allowed to expose to more than 90 dB (A) in an 8-hour shift and under no
circumstance the noise level from any equipment will be greater than 115 dB (A).

7.1.2.6.Ecological Aspects
Project site is vacant land and there is no vegetation at site. The proper landscaping will be
mitigated the any adverse impacts. A comprehensive greenbelt program will improve the
ecological condition of the site.

7.1.2.7.Materials Transportation
The following activities were suggested to mitigate adverse impacts during material transportation:
 The transportation of lubricants and fuel to the site should only be done in the appropriate
vehicles and containers, i.e. fuel tankers and sealed drums.

 As far as possible, transport of construction materials should be scheduled for off-peak traffic
hours. This will reduce the risk of traffic congestion and of road accidents on the access roads
to the site.
7.1.2.8.Health & safety measures during construction phase
The following mitigation measures are recommended to minimize adverse impacts:

24
 Construction related activities will be confined only to project site area, hence no health related
impact are envisaged within the project influenced area during the construction stage and will
be limited to occupant levels.

 At the project site much direct exposure to dust generation and high noise generation sources
likely to cause occupant health related impact such as asthma, bronchitis and noise induced
hearing loss (NIHL) etc. on the construction workers. In order to offset such effects, proper
drinking water, sanitation and first aid facility will be provided at the construction site, with
trained shift supervisors, which will ensure minimum adverse occupational health impacts on
the construction worker.

7.1.2.9. Site Security

Adequate security arrangement will be made to ensure that the local inhabitants and the stray
cattle are not exposed to the potential hazards of construction activities.

7.1.2.10. Facilities to be provided by the Labor Contractor

The contractor has to provide following facilities to construction work force:
First Aid: At work place, first aid facilities will be maintained at a readily accessible place where
necessary appliances including sterilized cotton wool etc. will be available. Ambulance facilities
will be kept readily available at workplace to take injured person to the nearest hospital. Potable
Water: Sufficient supply of water fit for drinking will be provided at suitable places.

Sanitary Facility: Within the precinct of very work place, latrines and urinals should be provided
at accessible place. These should be cleaned at least twice during working hours and kept in a good
sanitary condition. The contractor should conform to sanitary requirement of local medical and
health authorities at all times.

Security: The contractor will provide necessary security to work force.

Facilities for Women: Facilities as per Factory Rules of the State Government will be provided
to the women work force. Separate toilets for women will be provided with appropriate signboards.

7.1.3. Operational Phase Mitigation Measures

The ESMP in the design stage endeavors to mitigate the problems related to health, safety and
environment at the initial stage itself. The proposed facilities will be designed taking into account
all applicable standards/norms both for regulatory and safety purpose. The design of the project
will be made by laying special emphasis on the measures to minimize sewage generation and

25
emission control at source. The specific control measures related to gaseous emissions, liquid
sewage discharges, noise generation, solid waste disposal, etc. are described below.
7.1.3.1.Air Pollution Management
Major pollutants envisaged from the proposed project are Particulates, Sulphur dioxide and Oxides
of Nitrogen due to traffic activities and during the emergency operation of DG sets. The operation
of DG sets will only be a temporary phenomenon and hence it will not cause any major adverse
impact on air environment.

 Development of Green belt with specific species will help in reduce the PM levels to be
carried out.

 Informatory sign shall be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain their vehicle and
follow the emission standards fixed by Government Authorities. The emission standards of
the vehicles plying in the complex will be of international standards will be used.

 Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be decided keeping in
view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby residential areas.

 To control PM, SO2 and NO emissions from DG sets stack with sufficient height are
proposed to meet the EPA/MOEFCC guidelines.

7.1.3.2.Parking Facilities
Adequate parking facilities will be provided within project premises, as per Authority norms.
7.1.3.3.Water and Wastewater Management
Controlled Water Use: Wastage of water will be totally controlled and only the minimum quantum
of water will be used.

Monitoring of Water Consumption: water consumption rate audit will be conducted; internally
by project owner to explore possibilities for minimization of water consumption periodically.
7.1.3.4.Water Conservation
In order to reduce the water consumption in project, suitable measures will be taken. For watering
the plants and landscaped areas and toilet flushing treated sewage will be used, thus conserving
water. Furthermore, water that used for cooling system will be recovered and reused.

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse: The quantity of wastewater generation depends upon the
quantity of water used for various purposes.

26
Wastewater generated from the domestic activities of the proposed project will be treated in
Sewage Treatment Plant and treated water will be utilized for flushing and landscaping. Zero
discharge will be maintained, there is no wastewater will be discharged outside.

Rain Water Management: Rainwater harvesting may be defined as a process of augmenting the
natural infiltration of rainwater or surface run-off into the ground by some artificial methods. The
recharge method suggested for the project are recharge pits and conserving the rainwater by
artificially storing above ground and using the same for human use. The recharge pits shall be
designed, following the natural gradient of the site. Separate water collection tanks have been
designed at within the site for collection and utilization of rainwater from paved areas.

A rainwater harvesting system comprises components of various stages transporting rainwater

through pipes or drains, filtration, and storage in tanks for reuse or recharge. The catchment of a
water harvesting system is the surface, which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to
the rainwater harvesting system. Appropriate gutters shall be provided to route rainwater collected
by paved areas like terrace or courtyard of a building to collection tanks. The rainwater run-off
from road, unpaved area, comprising lawn, garden or open space area shall be routed to rainwater
harvesting pits, provided all along the periphery of the project area.

7.1.3.5. Solid waste Management

The management of Industrial waste individual downstream industrial units should consider
stocking/ piling such waste separately within their premises. Arrangements/ contracts may be
considered with authorized industrial waste collector which would collect such waste on an
appropriate frequency depending upon the quantities of waste production. Individual downstream
industrial should have an agreement with the nearest Treatment, Storage, Disposal Facility (TSDF)
operator to dispose the hazardous waste. TSDF sites generally have land filling and incineration
facilities are available within their premises.
7.1.3.6.Noise Level Management
The incremental noise levels due to the proposed project will be less than 75-70 dB (A) near the
project boundaries in all the directions. The ambient noise levels in the site are within the
permissible limits. However, the greenbelt to be provided will further attenuate the noise levels.
The following mitigation measures were recommended:

27
  Noise levels would be reduced by the use of absorbing material on roof walls and floors;
 The project area would be thickly vegetated with species of rich canopy; and
 Adequate green belt and green cover and avenue plantation with an average density of 2500
seedlings/ha will be created to attenuate noise levels.
7.1.3.7.Greenbelt Development (Reforestations and Conversation Practices)
Implementation of garden and greenbelt development is of paramount importance in development
of the E-Waste processing project. In addition to augmenting the existing vegetation, it will also
prevent soil erosion, make the ecosystem more complex and functionally more stable, make the
climate more conductive and restore water balance.

The greenbelt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the
premises apart from improving the aesthetics of the site.

Plantation program should be undertaken in all available areas. This would include plantation in
the premises, along the internal and external roads and in between buildings.

The plant species selected for greenbelt will include the native species. These saplings will be
planted in rows. About 10-20% of the total area land of the site will be brought under
greenbelt/green cover program.

The proposed plantation will cover the following design aspects:

 There will be a greenbelt all around the proposed project;
 All along the internal and external roads, plantation will be taken up;
 Shrubs and trees will be planted in encircling rows around the project site;
 Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation (Triangular form);
 Since the trunks of the tall trees are generally devoid of foliage, it will be useful to have
shrubs in front of the trees so as to give coverage to this portion;
 Standard pit size will be 1 m x 1 m x 1 m; and
 The pits will be filled using good soil from nearby agricultural fields (3 parts) and farmyard
manure (1 part).
7.1.3.8.Occupational Health and Safety measures
Abera, Mulugeta and their friends Micro and small enterprise will create a position of
Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) officer/advisor. He/she will erect signs indicating the
behavior to follow. The labor code will be strictly adhered to avoid excessive fatigue, likely to be

28
source of accidents. Net and harness will be implemented on workplaces in height. Information
and awareness campaigns will be organized to inform workers and call for vigilance. Training on
health and safety will be organized for the workers carrying out the work. Waste management will
be delegated to EHS for transport to the discharge of domestic waste. Companies will sensitize
populations with regard to the health and industrial safety. Workers will be provided with personal
protective equipment in (PPE) with binding port. Workers will be subject to regular medical visits.
7.2.Enhancement Measures
Prior to commencement of construction and operation, environmental and social management
should be considered with the following principal activities:

 Ensure that all Ethiopian Government environmental protection authority and the local
authority’s requirements‟ and procedures relating to ESIA are complied with.

 Ensure environmental and social considerations have been given due consideration and the
major clauses are incorporated in the contract document if the company outsources the
construction activities.
Most of the environmental management activities would be carried out during earth work,
operation and decommissioning phases. Therefore, to enhance positive environmental and social
impacts, appropriate trees should be planted after the clearance of the construction site.
Additionally, during earth work compaction of the ground should be avoided or minimized in order
to enhance percolation of water to the ground which increase ground water table hence water
budget of the site increase. It is also very important disposing waste materials to avoid blockage
of drainage during the decommissioning phase. Appropriate drainage should be reconstructed on
side of roads if damaged due to this project to enhance appropriate water flow.
8. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
8.1. Environmental Management Plan
This section describes the modalities provided in the project for the implementation of the
proposed mitigation measures to its potential negative impacts. It proposes the institutional
responsibilities for the implementation of the mitigation measures, the implementation indicators,
the time frame for monitoring and follow-up and also the estimated cost for the implementation
activities.

29
Table 2 Environmental and social management plan/EMP

Discipline Project Project Potential Proposed Mitigation Costs in Institutional Implementation

Stage activity environmental & Enhancement Measures Ethiopi Responsible schedule (Time
impacts an birr
frame)
Material Material Use of toxic Use Non-Toxic Materials 20,000 Company During site
Selection Selection substances and Option for Recyclable Materials clearing until
Non-renewable
December, 2024
resources.
Pre constructional phase

Design for Design for Poor design can Design products with modular 20,000 Company During site
Disassemb Disassembly make electronics components that can be easily removed
clearing until
ly difficult to and replaced.
December, 2024
disassemble,
Energy Energy Energy-intensive Energy-Efficient Processes 10,000 Company During site
Consumption processes leading to Renewable Energy Use clearing until
higher carbon
December, 2024
emissions
Sub total 50,000

Water Excavation, Increase in The topsoil will be properly stored and 20,000 Until August,
2025
Quality Loose soil at suspended solids due used for leveling in the low-lying area. Company
to soil run-off during
construction The construction debris will be used to
heavy precipitation.
level the low lying area.
site

30
Air Vehicular Increase in dust and Isolate the construction area with flexible 15,000 Company Until August 2025
Quality movements, NOx Concentration. enclosures/curtains so that the air
excavation emissions will not spread in the
and leveling surroundings.
activity, Sprinkling of water in the construction
area and unpaved roads. Proper
maintenance of vehicles will be done.
Cover heavy vehicles moving offsite. Until August
Restrict vehicle speed on construction 2025

roads and ensure vehicles use only

dedicated construction roads and access
points.
Noise Loading and Dust & noise Cover construction material with 15,000 Company Until August
unloading 2025
pollution accident plastics before transporting,
construction
on workers, oil Limit hours of construction where
materials
practical. Equipment will be kept in good
spills
condition to keep the noise level within
90-dB (A).
Workers will be provided with necessary
protective equipment e.g. earplugs,
earmuffs.
Subtotal 50,000

31
 Water Discharge Deterioration of Provide adequate treatment and 10,000 Company Every time

nal phase
Operatio
Quality from toilets quality of receiving conditioning facilities so that the treated during operation
and washing water body, if an sewage/effluent conforms to the
regulatory standards.
Air Vehicular Increase in dust and Usage of standard compliant vehicles. 5,000 Company Every time during
Usage of Ultrapure low sulphur fuel for
Quality traffic, Stack gaseous pollutants in operation
ambient air. transportation and for DG set.
emissions
Motor able roads in the project will be
from DG set,
paved to reduce dust emission.
Drying & Ensure operational procedures are
dying adequately implemented and regularly
reviewed so as to identify opportunities for
continual improvement.
Traffic Automobile Impact on Train traffic safety to the workers, use 10,000 Company Every time during
Impacts movement infrastructure and safe loading methods, and Implement operation
impact on air quality intervention kits in case of accidental
and noise levels. spillage.
Traffic Improvement of infrastructure, provision Every time during
accident, of the proper parking yard and evaluate operation
accident on workers,
impact of traffic density and vehicular
oil spills.
emissions.
Proper roads will reduce the dust
emissions to a great extent.

32
Solid Domestic Impact on human All solid waste will be segregated at 15,000 Company Every time during
waste usage health, soil source and Biodegradable waste will be operation
contamination and vermin composted and non-biodegradable
visual impairment waste will be given to authorized agents
for disposal. Plastic waste can be recycled.
Fire & Storage of Accidents / disasters Prepare EPRP and implement EPRP. 15,000 Company Every time during
Safety PET & related to fire and A well-laid firefighting system and fire operation

HDPE safety extinguishers will be installed as per fire

safety norms.
granules,
Regular fire safety training will also be
chemicals,
conducted.
etc.,
Subtotal 55,000
Soil and Soil and Water Implement soil and water remediation 15,000 Company During
Water Contamination measures if contamination is detected. decommissioning
Decommission stage

Use specialized cleanup techniques to phase

prevent further environmental damage.
Air Improper If e-waste is Use dust suppression techniques and 5,000 During
Pollution dismantling incinerated or, toxic ensure proper ventilation during decommissioning
fumes and dismantling to minimize air pollution. phase
particulates can be Avoid incineration of e-waste.
released into the air.
Sub total 20,000
Grand 175,000
Total

33
8.2. Environmental Monitoring Plan
The environmental protection, authority shall monitor the action of the promoter based on its final
decision to go ahead. The monitoring shall be continuous and be based on standards. A close
follow up is required during the construction phase and EPLAUA shall regularly conduct
monitoring of the implementation of waste management practices during operation phase. The
proponent also has a responsibility to conduct environmental auditing and submits the report to
EPA. Table 3 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Parameter to be Monitored Monitoring Indicators Measurement Frequency Institutional Phase (Time cost
Responsibility frame)

•Provide all staff on with • Number of accidents on site Observation Biannually Abera, Throughout the 10,000
protective equipment’s Mulugeta and project cycle
•Availability of their friends
(Helmets, gloves, coats and protective equipment’s Micro and small
boots where applicable). enterprise

•Use adequately these

equipment’s
• Sensitization campaign to •Number of Sensitization consultation “ ‘’ All the project life 25,000
the staff on HIV/AIDS & campaigns on HIV/AIDS
other STDs, and avail and avail condoms
condoms on site, free of
charge.
• Soil watering during the time •Amount of dust in the Observation During ‘’ During construction 15,000
of soil works atmosphere construction
The extinguishers should be . Number of fire accidents ” ” ” During operation 15,000
regularly inspected and avoided
maintained
• Number of trained labor
•The personnel of the plant
must be trained on their use

Total 65,000
9. Conclusion and Recommendation
9.1. Conclusion
As revealed in this ESIA study, the implementation of the envisaged Building construction
materials trade supply and distribution project is expected to bring a number of positive social
impacts. The project is expected to create job opportunity to the youth and women, improved
infrastructure and increase in revenue among others has outlined in the report.

On the contrary, implementation of the proposed Building construction materials trade supply and
distribution project is expected to cause some environmental negative impacts that will require
some mitigation and monitoring measures to ensure environmental sustainability of the project.
The potential environmental impacts that will require appropriate mitigation measures include
solid waste generation, noise pollution, air pollution, water pollution. In general, if some of the
negative environmental impact of the project mentioned are mitigated to acceptable levels through
environmental management activities the project can be implemented in environmentally
sustainable and socially acceptable

9.2. Recommendation
The proponent of the proposed project shall be committed to putting in place several measures to
mitigate the negative environmental, safety, health and social impacts associated with the
Development cycle of the proposed Building construction materials trade supply and distribution
project. It is recommended that in addition to this commitment, the proponent shall focus on
implementing the measures outlined in the ESMP as well as adhering to all relevant national and
international environmental, health and safety standards, policies and regulations that govern
establishment and operation of such projects.

It is also recommended that the positive impacts that emanate from such activities shall be
maximized as much as possible. It is expected that these measures will go a long way in ensuring
the best possible environmental compliance and performance standards.

Most of the recommended measures demand efforts of stakeholders. Thus collaboration of

stakeholders is an outmost task that helps to realize the project implementation and achieve its
planned objectives.
REFERENCES
o Bauer, A.M. (1991), Mineral resource management programs and the construction aggregate
industry, Lansing, Mich.

o Central Statistics Authority, (2007). Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia.

o Dunn, J.R., 1983: Dispersed benefit riddle, in, Ault, C.R., and Woodard, G.S., eds.,
Proceedings of the 18th Forum on Geology of Industrial Minerals, India.

o Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline, Addis Ababa, EPA /MEDAC (April 1996),
Environmental Protection Authority in collaboration with Ministry of Economic Development
and Cooperation: The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia; Vol I-V.

o FDRE (1995), Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Proclamation

No.1/1995, Addis Ababa.

o Langer, W.H., and Knepper, D.H., Jr., 1998: Geologic characterization of natural aggregate,
in Bobrowsky, P.T. (ed.), and Aggregate resources -A global perspective, p. 275-293,
Rotterdam, Netherlands.

o Herrero, M., Grace, D., Njuki, J., Johnson, N., Enahoro, D., Silvestri, S., et al. (2013). The
roles of livestock in developing countries. Animal 7:3. doi: 10.1017/S1751731112001954

o Outlook, F. (2020). Biannual Report on Global Food Markets [Electronic Resource]. Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
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