“A STUDY OF PROBLEM AND METHOD USED IN THE INTERIOR DESIGNERS

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ADYAH INTERIORS”

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Science/Commerce/Computer Application (Programme)

SUBMITTED BY

ANGAPPAN S

(2113141040009)

Under the guidance of

Dr.D.Leelavathi

M.Com.,M.Phil.,B.Ed.,PhD., M.B.A.,

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR & HOD

GURU NANAK COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)

Affiliated to University of Madras

Accredited at ‘A++’ Grade by NAAC | An ISO 9001 2015 Certified Institution

Guru Nanak Salai, Velachery, Chennai – 600 042

APRIL - 2024
 GURU NANAK COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)

Affiliated to University of Madras

Accredited at ‘A++’ Grade by NAAC | An ISO 9001 2015 Certified Institution
Guru Nanak Salai, Velachery, Chennai – 600 042.

BACHELOR OF COMMERCE (COMPUTER APLLICATION)

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that, this is a bonafide record of work done by ANGAPPAN S,

2113141040009 of for the Final Year Project during the Academic Year 2023-24.

PROJECT GUIDE HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Submitted for the Project Viva Voce Examination held on ________________

at GURU NANAK COLLEGE (Autonomous), Guru Nanak Salai, Velachery,

Chennai - 600 042.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Date: Date:
 DECLARATION

I, ANGAPPAN S (2113141040009), a regular Final year student of B. Com (CA), GURU

NANAK COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI declare that the titled “A STUDY OF
PROBLEM AND METHOD USED IN THE INTERIOR DESIGNERS WITH SPECIAL
REFERENCE TO ADYAH INTERIORS” This project work is submitted in partial

fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Commerce

(Computer Application), for the academic year 2021–2024. This is my own work
carried out with due diligence & integrity.

NAME & SIGNATURE: ANGAPPAN S

DATE:
PLACE: CHENNAI
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank the Principal Dr. T. K. Avvai Kothai and Vice Principal

Dr. Anitha Malisetty for providing the necessary resources and facilities for the

completion of this project.

I extend my deepest thanks to B.com Computer Application whose guidance,

support, and encouragement were invaluable throughout this endeavor. Her expertise and

insights have been instrumental in shaping this project and enhancing its quality.

I owe my Guide Dr.D.Leelavathi M.Com.,M.Phil.,B.Ed.,PhD., M.B.A., a debt

of gratitude for his/her invaluable guidance, patience, and encouragement. His/Her

mentorship has been a beacon of light, steering me through the complexities of this

project and helping me realize my potential.

I also like to extend my thanks to the Faculty Members for their valuable

suggestion during the course of the study of my project.

Last but not least, I thank my family and friends for their unwavering

encouragement and understanding during this journey.

 S.NO CONTENT PAGE
NUMBER

Chapter - 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Interior Design 1

1.2 Types of Marketing Strategies 2

1.3 Features of Marketing Management 3

1.4 Objectives of The Study 4

1.5 Need of Study 6

1.6 Advantages and Disadvantages 7

1.7 Scope of Study 8

Chapter - 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 9

Chapter - 3 COMPANY AND RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research 22

3.1 Company profile 25

Chapter - 4 DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
4.1 Frequency analysis of age 32

4.2 Frequency analysis of gender 33

4.3 Frequency analysis of occupation 34

4.4 Change interior design in a month 35

4.5 Will you suggest interior design 36

4.6 What is your favourite interior design 37

4.7 Interior design better than other design 38

4.8 Data Analysis on Interior Design 39

4.9 Interpretation on Interior Design 41

4.10 Interior Design India Market Turnover 43

Chapter - 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Findings 45

5.2 suggestions 47

5.3 Conclusion 49

Bibliography 50

Annexure 53
 ABSTRACT

Interior design is a multifaceted discipline encompassing both aesthetic and functional

considerations in creating interior spaces that enhance the quality of life and well-being of
occupants. This abstract explores the key elements of interior design, including spatial
planning, color schemes, furniture selection, lighting, and decorative elements, while also
addressing the psychological and physiological impacts of design choices on individuals.
Furthermore, it examines the role of sustainability and technology in contemporary interior
design practices, emphasizing the importance of creating spaces that are environmentally
responsible and technologically integrated. Ultimately, interior design serves as a dynamic field
that continuously evolves to meet the ever-changing needs and preferences of society,
influencing not only the physical environment but also the experiences and emotions of those
who inhabit these spaces.
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTERIOR DESIGN

Interior design refers to balance a lot on a daily basis — client communication, drafting,
reviewing colour palettes, billing, and much more. But if interior design marketing is not on
your daily schedule, you’re not quite as busy as you should or could be.

Interior design marketing strategies take a lot of work, but they have the potential to bring in a
lot of new clients. we love the fact that interior designers across the industry use our software
to create beautiful, photorealistic designs, and we want their businesses to be as successful as
possible. That’s why we have put together this post. These proven strategies are going to make
marketing your interior design business as easy and rewarding as possible.

Interior design is a multifaceted discipline that encompasses creativity, functionality, and

aesthetics to transform interior spaces into harmonious and inviting environments. It combines
elements such as colour, texture, furniture, lighting, and decor to create spaces that not only
look visually stunning but also serve the practical needs of their inhabitants. Interior designers
utilize their expertise to balance form and function, tailor designs to clients' preferences, and
enhance the overall quality of living or working spaces. Through careful planning and attention
to detail, interior design has the power to evoke emotions, improve productivity, and enrich the
lives of those who experience it.

Content marketing involves creating and sharing valuable and informative materials, such as
blogs, white papers, newsletters, social media posts, emails, and videos, with specific
audiences. When executed effectively, this type of marketing demonstrates a company’s
proficiency and commitment to its target audience.

1
1.2 Types of Marketing Strategies

 Outdoor Marketing: When it comes to promoting a product or service, outdoor

marketing is the way to go. This type of advertising takes place in physical locations
such as billboards, shop signs, vehicle stickers, bus stop posters, and even digital
platforms.

 Print Marketing: is the process of utilising printed materials to promote brands and
influence purchasing decisions. Not only does this strategy cultivate customer
loyalty, increase return on investment, and drive successful conversions, but it also
allows businesses to establish a meaningful connection with offline audiences,
making a lasting impression amidst the constantly evolving world of digital
advertising.

 Direct Marketing: is a tactic that connects with consumers through various

channels, an email in their inbox, an ad on their social media feed, or a salesperson
knocking on their door. Instead of blindly sending out mass messages, this unique
approach seeks to establish a personal connection with potential customers.

 Electronic Marketing: The process of electronic marketing requires the utilisation

of digital tools, such as computers and smartphones, to effectively promote products
and services on the vast landscape of the internet.

 Event Marketing: Organising events centred on a specific theme to showcase

products, services, initiatives, or businesses are known as event marketing. This
approach allows for direct interaction with clients, creating a strong connection.

 Social Media Marketing: Engaging audiences, driving sales, and boosting website
traffic, these are just a few of the benefits of leveraging social media platforms for
brand awareness. This powerful strategy, referred to as social media marketing
(SMM), is rapidly evolving into a highly effective marketing tool.

2
1.3 Features of Marketing Management

 Customer-Focused: Centring on the needs and wants of the customers is paramount

in any business. The success of a company hinges on its ability to satisfy its clients.
Every marketing strategy is aimed at fulfilling the desires of the customers.

 Research Analysis: At its core, marketing is all about understanding the wants and
needs of customers. This calls for a systematic approach to collecting and analysing
data, as well as promptly reporting findings that are relevant to marketing efforts.

 Managerial Process: Marketing management covers a wide range of processes.

These involve planning, organizing, decision-making, directing, forecasting,
coordinating, and managing. According to Stanley Vance, management is the art of
making and implementing decisions.

 Building Framework: Marketing is a powerful force that builds the foundation of

a successful business. It encompasses a multitude of essential elements such as
industry analysis, development, production, innovation, advertising, promotion
pricing, product and service distribution, customer relationship management, and
many other crucial tasks.

 Process of Endorsement and Interaction: The focus of every business is to drive

sales and increase revenue. One essential strategy for achieving this is through active
promotion and effective communication of products and services. This important
function of marketing management allows companies to effectively provide relevant
product information to customers.

3
 Controlling Operations: As a key component of a company, marketing
management takes charge of all marketing efforts. This includes continuously
assessing the effectiveness of various marketing initiatives, as well as evaluating the
performance of marketing teams and programs.

 Branding: Banding is one of the most important components of product mix as a

marketer has to make an important decision on whether the product of the firm will
be marketed under its generic name or brand name. Here, the Generic name means
the name of the whole class of the firm’s product. For example, laptop is a generic
name but Dell, Acer, and Lenovo are brand names.

 Customer support services: Customer support services play a very important role
in the success of a firm in this highly competitive world. To achieve repetitive buying
and develop a brand image, services like after-sale services, handling customer
complaints, providing credit facilities, etc., are used by the firms.

4
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

There are numerous reasons why a business sets marketing objective. The value
of setting marketing objectives is as follows:

 Marketing objectives are helpful as they keep the marketing team focused on the firm's
primary goals. Marketing objectives help the team identify marketing priorities and
stick to the main objectives of the business.

 Marketing objectives incentivize the marketing team and allow them to measure
success (or failure) through clear, effective means.

 Marketing objectives can also be necessary to ensure the marketing strategy is aligned
with the corporate mission and company vision.

 Marketing objectives can also be practical tools to help marketers budget and allocate
resources appropriately.

5
1.5 NEED 0f STUDY

Studying interior design provides a structured understanding of design principles, space

planning, colour theory, materials, and aesthetics, which are crucial for creating functional and
visually pleasing interior spaces. It also equips individuals with technical skills like drafting
and computer-aided design (CAD) software proficiency, essential for professional practice.
Additionally, formal education in interior design often includes exposure to industry standards,
building codes, sustainability practices, and project management, preparing individuals for a
diverse range of career opportunities in residential, commercial, and institutional settings.

 Specific: the objective should be stated in enough detail - what exactly do we want to
achieve? A company should avoid setting broad objectives, as these can end up causing
confusion.

 Measurable: objectives should be quantitatively or qualitatively measurable.

Measurability helps determine how much of the objective a company has achieved.

 Actionable/Achievable: the objective should be achievable by those carrying out set

tasks.

6
1.6 Advantages of Surveys

 Efficiency: Surveys can efficiently collect data from a large number of respondents,
making them suitable for obtaining a broad perspective on a target market.

 Structured and Standardised: Surveys use standardised questions and response

formats, making data collection and analysis more systematic and objective.

 Versatility: Surveys can be administered in various formats, such as online, telephone,

or in person, allowing flexibility in data collection.

Disadvantages of Surveys

 Non-Response Bias: Low response rates can introduce non-response bias, as those who
do not respond may have different characteristics or opinions from those who do.

 Survey Design Challenges: Poorly designed surveys can lead to ambiguous or biased
responses. Crafting clear, unbiased questions is crucial.

 Cost and Time: Designing, administering, and analysing surveys can be time-consuming
and costly, especially for large-scale research.

 Limited Depth: Surveys are generally better at collecting breadth of information rather
than in-depth insights. They may not provide a nuanced understanding of complex issues.

7
1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Product design

Product design is the four most important element in marketing the communication needs &
problems of the consumer have to be considered before marketing a new product design.

Implementation of product

Once the decision is finalized about the design of the product more focus should be there on
communication with the production department regarding the implementation of product
features.

Pricing of Product

Pricing is the most important aspect of the product because it only decides the major buying
decision of the consumer. So, if the product is very new to the market correct & affordable
pricing should be done.

8
 CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Introduction

This study to “review literature” in the field of interior design to obtain knowledge and
understanding of the different aspects of interior design in order to help families improve their
living conditions. Some important aspects of interior design about which these families need
information are: the appropriate use and arrangement of space according to needs, furniture
arrangement, the allotting of the budget, colour, windows and their treatment, floors and their
coverings, lighting and the selection of lamps, and the appropriate use of decorative
accessories. 'W>^ Importance of the study. The importance of research in this area is readily
seen in the fact that there is an increasing enthusiasm of the general public for information
which will help them to improve their living conditions. As a result, a new appreciation of the
value of interior design has developed.

Beyer, Glenn H. New York: Macmillan Co, 2024. Comprehensive text about the different
areas in the housing field. Review of some of the literature on the historical, economic, social,
and design aspects of housing. Gives a good history of American housing and presents data
from the 1960 federal censuses of population and housing. Three patterns of growth of cities
are illustrated: concentric zone theory; sector theory; and multiple nucleus theory. Use of new
materials and new building methods are discussed. Analysis the neighbourhood unit planning
concept. Includes information in relation to house financing.

Barren, Faber. Colour, Form and Space. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation,
2023. Contains useful information in relation to the use of colour in interior design. Explains
the different theories of colour. Points out that colour is integral with form. Discusses the
natural symbol of colour in terms of a triangle where one angle is pure hue; the Second angle

9
is white; and the third angle is black. It has four simple derivations. Pure colour and white
combine to form tints. Pure colour and black combine to form a shade. White and black
combine to form grey. The final form, tone, is the product of all: colour, white and black; or
tint, shade and grey. Clear and concise. Illustrations complemented the text. Some of them
explain in detail the different colour schemes, tints, shades and tones.

New Horizons in Colours. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation 2022.The general
principles involved in colours using specific examples to make colour theories more easily
understood are presented. Colour is an integral part of design and form. The most personal of
all uses of colour is in the home. Discusses how colour has become more utilitarian. Points out
that common tasks are influenced by colour and considers the different ways each particular
colour affects a task. Many illustrations supplement the text.

Biermann, Eleanor. Art in Modern Architecture. New York: Reinhold Publishing

Corporation, 2020. Presents illustrations of the architectural arts in the United States only.
Divided into chapters according to materials. Examples chosen are the best integrations of art
and architecture to date. Exclusive concern with fixed murals. Explains the role of painting and
sculpture in architecture. Some architects considered sculpture more appropriate than mural
paintings for architecture. Painting and sculpture can be integrated with the building design.
Direct contact murals, canvas murals, fresco and fresco Sacco murals, mosaic murals, ceramic
tile murals, and enamel on metal murals are considered. Stone sculpture, wood sculpture, metal
sculpture, concrete sculpture, plaster sculpture and ceramic sculpture are discussed. The
different kinds of sculpture: intaglio, low relief, high relief, free standing, ground based and
suspended sculpture are explained. Many illustrations were included in the text.

Commery, E. W. and C. Eugene Stephenson. How to Decorate and Light Your Home.
New York: Coward-McCann, 2014. Practical information on arrangement, colour, furniture,
accessories, lamps and lighting. Brilliant guide including descriptions analysing the necessary
steps to success in planning a beautiful home. Includes ideas for house renovations. Practical
book in interior decoration which has as its basic premise that of utility combined with visual
10
satisfaction. In it is information for those who like current furniture designs and information
for those who prefer traditional. Three periods in life when the desire to decorate is quite
important are: when a child establishes his small bit of space; when youth marry and begins to
build his home; and when the mature individual gathers about himself the cherished objects
and memories of a lifetime. Many illustrations are used to explain the text.

Cooper, Dan. Inside Your Home. New York: Farrar, Straus and Company, 2019. House
suitability, cheerfulness and ease of cleaning are emphasized. How to have the kind of home
desired regardless of income. Three basic requirements a home ought to meet: to be suitable to
the family; to be physically cheerful; to be clean, fresh, and easy to keep that way. A place for
talking; a place for reading; a place to sleep; a place to eat, and a number of places to put things
into or onto are house requirements discussed. Colour and lighting are two other topics brought
out.

Dal Fabio, Mario. Modern Furniture - Its Design and Construction. New York: Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, 2018. A reference book on modern furniture. Mainly provides
dimensions for typical furniture pieces used in offices and dwellings. In general, only length,
width and height are shown, but since the drawings are done in scale, the dimensions of parts
can be rather easily determined. Contains a number of reproductions of photographs. Designers'
and manufacturers' names are given for many of the pieces. At the back of the book is a sixteen-
page supplement of detailed drawings of furniture.

Ekbom, Garrett. Landscape for Living. New York: F.W. Dodge Corp., 2017. Discusses
information in relation to house gardening and landscape design. Three types of gardens are
pointed out: the utility garden in which special flaunts are raised as a crop for their produce and
in which the space for people could be the minimum necessary for cultivation; the living
garden, in which space for people is most important and plants and other features form a
background for their activities. The show garden in which there is plenty of space for people
who come to. some impressive sort of picture, composition, arrangement of plants, sculpture
or construction is the third type of garden considered. The natural material used in landscape

11
design and the basic factors in the selection of plants are discussed. Content is divided into four
main parts: Part A, Background; why now, what is landscape design, history through the
eighteenth century, developments since the eighteenth century, the world we live in, and, ; the
principles of design. Part B, Theory; the question of space and people, materials, earth-rock-
water, plants and planting, structural elements. Part C, Practice: specific conditions, gardens,
parks, public buildings, group housing. Part D, what next; from art to planning, from planning
to art. 270 illustrations supplemented the text.

Ford, Katherine and Thomas Creighton. The_ American House Today. New York:
Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 2018. Floor plans, photographs of exteriors and interiors,
and descriptions of eighty-five houses built during the years 1947-1951, following modern
ideas of structure, design and use of materials. Accomplishments in design and construction of
the modern house in the United States are summarized including a detailed discussion of the
pictures shown. Program, site, space organization, environment, construction methods, and
materials that are factors affecting today's houses, and family social patterns, needs and wants
are considered.

Gideon, Siegfried. Architecture, You and Me. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press,
1958. A collection of essays about modern architecture which discusses the problems facing
contemporary architecture and urban design and the development of the contemporary
movement in architecture. An interesting book that shows how the history of architecture
should be taught; not by the sterile naming of orders and styles but as basic interpretations
posed by the problems of space and the materials used. A clear and perceptive idea about the
rationale of Modern architecture and what the Freedom of new materials and form expresses.
Nine points important in architecture monumentality are explained. Occasionally names of
international modern art and architecture are mentioned and described. The format, somewhat
confusing, includes essay material, radio dialogue, quotes and conferences.

Grille, Paul Jacques. What is Design Chicago: Paul Theobald and Co., 2016.Discusses
design in terms of material, unit, scale, rhythm, dynamism, and harmony? Design is not an
added quality; it is an essential part of it. Material possesses its own design language: structure,

12
texture and aspect. Five material categories: rock material, organic material, metal material,
synthetic material and hybrid material are discussed. Climate, orientation, proportion and
composition in design are considered. Dedicated to the young designer. There is an infinity of
ways to reach art according to the author, all, good, if they are authentic. ^^'S: ^W''. Includes a
series of advices in the introduction. The content is divided into three main parts: Archetypes;
form, material, climate, orientation; Proportion; openings, the world of man, the world around
us; Composition; energy, mass, motion, the idea. Discusses that the world around us is a world
of numbers that spell life and harmony. Proportion is considered as a rapport between two
dimensions. The various areas where a certain kind of activity takes place in architecture are
classified in three categories: private, public and service. Many illustrations supplemented the
text.

Hognut, Joseph. Architecture and the Spirit of Man. Cambridge: Harvard University
Press, 2016. A group of essays of which partial content is as follows: Part I: - On traditional
and modern architecture. What buildings are beautiful? The obelisk of General Washington;
The gothic universities; the postmodern house; Space and the garden. Part II: On the
architecture of cities: The invisible city; the political art of planning; what a young planner
ought to know; Blueprint for a university; and the art in housing. Useful self-educational book
for those interested in design. Architecture — perceived through the imaginative handling of
enclosed space, through skilful distribution of light, through the better appreciation of vista,
and through the unaffected proportion -- is considered. The book's message is important not
only in architectural terms, but as a source of information for house planning as well. Achieves
the purpose of encouraging architectural appreciatio

Jones, Cranston. Architecture Today and Tomorrow. New York: McGraw-Hill

Company, 1961. Illustrated discussion of the works of 25 famous architects through a
description of their outstanding building projects; a brief biography of each and an explanation
of the reasons for their designs. Primarily about American architecture. Written with
enthusiasm, and plentiful quotes from the architects. “Modern architecture is constantly
changing and its development is "'', affected by a continual -battle of classical versus romantic
trends, by the structural inventiveness of the engineer - architects, and by the visions of the

13
futurist. There are plenty of photographs; some, in colour, show the function of colour in
modern buildings.

Lewis, Ethel. Decorating the Home. New York: Macmillan Co., 2014. Partial contents: Art
elements: Design composition; Houses: Architectural styles; Colour charts and harmonies;
Walls and wall coverings; Floors and floor coverings; Textiles; Window treatments; Furniture
styles; Specialized furniture and slip covers; Pictures as decoration; Lamps and shades and
other accessories; Dining table details; Flower arrangement. Concerned with lasting beauty
rather than with efforts to attain it inexpensively. Useful for homemakers who are interested in
dealing with professional decorators or desire to do their own decorating on a firm basis of
knowledge and taste. Illustrations supplemented the text.

Miller, Gladys. Furniture for Your Home. New York: M. Barrows and Co., 2013. Practical
suggestions on the selection, buying and arrangement of furniture. Discusses both antique and
modern furniture as well as built in furniture. Yields many useful ideas for furnishing an entire
home or just making some changes in a room. General and inclusive book on the selection and
use of furniture for specific arrangements in the average home. Has several points of special
interest: the author assumes that the average home owner owns some furniture, and will not be
starting from scratch; she suggests combining pieces of different periods and types. For each
room a chart is given for suggested balanced arrangement Clues to furniture values, what to
look for and how, are given. Quick reference charts for identification of periods.

Mock, Elizabeth. If You Want to Build a House. New York: Simon and SchusterInc, 2012.
Modern architecture is represented as not just another imitative style but an attitude toward life
regulated by the physical and emotional needs of living people and trying to meet them as
nearly as possible. Size is: •' considered first, starting with the statement that the trouble with
many small houses is that they are too small. The items of ventilation and degree of openness
to the outside, furnishings and surroundings are taken up briefly. The wide choice of materials

14
and quality available on the market is pointed out. A competent architect is indispensable
according to this book. An approach to attempt to persuade a client to satisfy his individual
needs in regard to space, shape, light, materials and colour rather than merely conform to
tradition. 116 interior and exterior photographs of modem homes are a valuable complement
to the text.

Moholy-Nagy, Sibylla. Native Genius in Anonymous Architecture. New York: Horizon

Press, 2012. A work in architectural and design fields where the author assembled more than
100 photographs of private dwellings which illustrate the natural beauty of buildings honestly
constructed with respect to materials function, climate and environment. Points out that the
world is full of beautiful anonymous architecture and that these are important sources of
information for modern architecture. Discusses the general principles in architecture. The
quality in architecture can be evaluated by four features: the roof, the comer, the base, and the
access. Establishes the differences between the builder and the architect. The book is divided
into sections covering site and climate, form and function, materials and skills and a critique
of the artistic quality of the examples chosen.

Nelson, George. Chairs. New York: Whitney Publications Inc., 2018. Discusses chair
design and construction methods. The chair is unique among all objects of furniture in that it
substitutes for the action of certain muscles to hold the body in a position other than supine.
The Barrow chair which permits the sitter to rest with the feet higher than the head is one of
the many styles considered in this book. Herman Miller, Euro Saarinen, Alva Aalto, George
Nakashima, Mie’s Van der Roche, Finn Jull, Marcel Breuer, Robs john Gibing’s, and Charles
Eames are some of the designers discussed. Content is discussed according to the different
materials used in chair construction: Bentwood, laminated wood, melded plastic, solid wood,
metal, and upholstery. Includes a list of designers, manufacturers and distributors. Many
illustrations of different kinds of chairs complemented the text.

15
Neutral, Richard Joseph. Survival through Design. New York: Oxford University Press,
1964. This author is considered one of the foremost architects and designers in the world.
Discusses the significance of design in the survival of the human race. Pointed out that man
does have the unique ability to control his own environment and that he feels his survival
depends upon his advantage of planning his home, communities and objects according to his
biological needs. Tries to arouse citizens' interest in community planning. Contains
philosophical opening chapters which are a little difficult to understand. Filled with
observations on the effect of surroundings on people. Includes many anecdotes. One of the
most important parts is concerned with the theory of design termed functional ism where the
author states that "function follows form. “A stimulus to creative thought not only in the
process of design but in establishing attitudes toward designs made by others. Devoted too little
to thought of value judgments and tends to overlook two important actualities. The first is the
unconscious and the part it plays in the emotional satisfactions of living. The second has to do
with pure aesthetics and contemplation. To the author, the aim of design is to produce objects
whose effect would be the reduction of nervous and physical tensions.

Panhuman, William. The Panhuman Book of Interior Design. New York: Bryan Holme,
1955. Written simply and informally for the layman. Presents the fundamentals of house
decoration or interior design, turning a house or an apartment into a home. Ideas are presented
to do over a house or to rejuvenate one room. Type of decoration, colour schemes, room
arrangement and furniture grouping are considered. The discussion is illustrated with many
illustrations, chiefly photographs in black and white with some in colour. The photographs
graphically illustrate the author's words of advice.

Pevsner, Nicolaus. Pioneers of the Modern Movement: From William to Walter Gropius.
New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2012. Traces the rise of the modern movement,

16
particularly in architecture, but also in the other arts, from the Time of William Morris to the
beginning of the war. Art by people and for the people. Style not easy to read. Louis Sullivan,
Victor Hora and Frank Lloyd Wright are some of the architects discussed. Important
contributions of the architects are considered. William Morris, first artist to realize how
precarious and decayed the social foundations of art had become during the centuries since the
Renaissance and especially during the years since the Industrial Revolution is recognized as
the Father of the Modern Movement. Walter Gropius, memorandum on standardization and
mass production of small houses and on advisable ways of financing such building. Frank
Lloyd Wright was also a leader in the development of modern architecture. Many illustrations
supplemented the text.

Ponte, Giro. In Praise of Architecture. New York: F. W. Dodge Corporation,

1960.Emphasizes that architects should be leaders of countries because they give shape to
countries. Points out that architecture makes itself the substance of politics by concerning itself
with the following goals: (1) Distribution of space for life, work, and communications; the
functioning of the country as a whole, that is town planning on a national scale; (2) Group order
and works of art, culture, justice, governments, that is, the city; (3) The house as the natural
right and substance of the family, housing for everybody; (4) The formation and education of
the 10group, schools, libraries, colleges, and universities; (5) The dignity of man's
employment, perfect buildings for his work hours; (6) The man's personal welfare, maternity
clinics, kindergartens, hospitals, convalescent homes, sanatoriums, and old people's homes; (7)
The knowledge of the country, its history and art, transportation, hotels, monuments, and
landscape; (8) Adult education, movie houses, theatres, auditoriums, libraries,' museums and
exhibitions; (9) Sports and recreation stadiums and swimming pools; (10) The coordination of
work, unification of production by means of perfect prototypes; (11) The quality and
individuality of work, handicraft at a very high level.

Robsjohn Gibbings, Terence H. Homes of the Brave. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954.
A study and criticism of the changes in American interior decoration over the past sixty years.
One of the qualities of this book is the use of humorous and satirical drawings. Informative,
amusing, concise, brief and convincing. Filled with statements of cultural criticism in an area

17
that touches everyone who lives in a house. Interests anyone who thinks of his house as
something more than just shelter. The combination of sharp satire and broad humour often
confuses the reader. The author feels that all trouble in American architecture will be solved if
common sense is used in house designing. Good source of information for all who are
contemplating building a home.

Rogers, Kate Ellen. The Modern House U.S.A. - Its Design and Decoration. New York:
Harper and Brothers, 2017. Important source of interior design information. Includes houses,
domestic designs and plans. Part I deals with the characteristics of the modern family and the
needs and living patterns which have influenced the various types of architecture prevalent
today. Part II deals with the plastic elements and the practical elements of the individual rooms
of the house. Part III discusses the furnishings of the modern home and the elements and
principles of good design with special emphasis on modern rather than traditional furnishings.
Excellent if its generalities are narrowed with other readings.

Saarinen, Eliel. The city, Its Growth, Its Decay. It Future. New York: Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, 2015. An individual building is not a work of art. The function of
the building has to be integrated into the function of the city. The author's ideal is the designing
of such community environments as could make of the community and of the dwelling alike a
culturally healthy j r place in which to live. City-planning or city building, as he understands
it, must be against slums and urban decay. Attention is given to all the material problems that
must be solved. The city is made for men, not men for the city. The architecture must wait until
the social foundation has been built. Stressing the importance of adequate city buildings from
the point of view of the whole nation's welfare, material and cultural; social research is
necessary; civic improvement and development must happen in accordance 11with appropriate
means and methods; fundamental principles should be followed in all city buildings; and the
architectural nature of the city building should be emphasized. Decentralization of a city is also
considered.

18
Schroeder, Francis N. Anatomy Interior Designers and Hov/ to Talk to. a client. New
York: Whitney Publications Inc., 2018. Includes very good information in relation to the
correct size and proportion of furniture according to the shape of the human body. The standard
measurement used for men is 5' 9" and for women, 5' 8". How to determine the correct place
for a television set is considered in one chapter. Rules discussed are as follows: for persons
with normal eyesight, change the diameter of the television tube from inches to feet and sit
within that range; farsighted persons should sit further back, but near-sighted persons should
not get too close. The relationship between the interior designer and his client is also
considered. Content is divided into three main parts. The first is Anatomy for Interior
Designers, the second. How to Talk to a Client. Many illustrations supplement the text. Most
of them include specific dimensions.

Sunset Ideas for Storage in Your Home. California: Lane Publishing Company, 2016.
Contains good ideas for household storage. The steps included in planning storage are
considered. The first one pointed out is to decide exactly what storage is needed — what items
are to be stored, and the amount of space necessary to accommodate them. The different kinds
of storage needed in a house are for kitchen utensils, food, linens, cleaning implements,
supplies, sewing, bathroom supplies, children's toys, clothes, books, magazines and others.
Includes a construction guide for storage units giving details of measurements, materials, etc.
The content is divided into two main parts. The first explains the needs in houses of different
storage units. The second is a construction guide for storage units. Many illustrations
complemented the text. Should clear and concisely the many acceptable ways to organize, plan,
and build storage space in the house.

Tunnard, Christopher. City of Man. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2017.A picture
of the conditions of urban living in an industrial age, and a combination of history, criticism
and creative thought. A well written volume using non-technical terms which anyone interested
in civic design or urban development can readily understand. Excellent guide to city planning.
Is considered the most important work on urban planning to appear in the United States. Three
types of city planning are discussed in this book: the linear plan, curvilinear plan; and the
meconium street pattern, sometimes called radio concentric. Three factors in city planning the

19
drive for individual expression; the drive for identification of the individual with the group and
the drive for identification of group with group, are discussed. Illustrations of architectural
work effectively supplemented the discussion.

Walsh, Harold Vandervoort. Your House Begins with You. New York: George W.
Stwart, Inc., 2015. A step-by-step guide to planning a home suited to the family's needs and
interests. It is a sensible approach and a plan for hopeful home-builders. 250. Drawings,
sketches and photographs Illustrate the text. The factors included in planning a house - money,
time and space - are considered. Also, the factors included in planning the different activity
areas in a house are explained in detail.

Wiieeler, Virginia. Kitchen. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 2012. How to choose, plan,
equip and decorate a kitchen is the main idea of this book. An authority on kitchens, a former
editor of House and Garden, considers different types of kitchens for different ways of life: an
indoor-outdoor kitchen; teen age kitchen; gourmet kitchen and others. Gives plans and details
of arrangements. Practical and useful, showing the revolutionary changes that have taken place
with the new look and the new equipment available to the housekeeper. Contains photographs
of many types of kitchens. It is a valuable source of information for architects, home owners,
builders and students.

Wright, Frank Lloyd. The Natural House. New York: Horizon Press, 2011. Discusses the
ideas and beliefs of one of the most distinguished and influential modern architects. Explains
the organic theory: simplicity and continuity are the means to achieve it. Form follows function.
Every method and every material might speak for itself. Five new resources used to make living
easier and better are: (1) reality in buildings' exterior - form and function become one in design;
(2) glass - super material, by it ground enters into the building; (3) continuity - steel is its
prophet and master; (4) recognizing the nature of the material.

20
Wright, Russel and flary. Guide to. Easier Living. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2010.
Content is explained using common examples. Simple vocabulary. Floor plans, furniture
arrangement, and house plans are included. Source of information for people who are planning
to build or buy a house. Ideas for planning everything in the home. Includes outdoor and indoor
living. The basic steps in planning each area of a house - living room, dining room, bedrooms,
and bathrooms are considered. The qualities of living of each one of the rooms in a house are
also explained. The appropriate furniture and its arrangement in the house are discussed.

21
 CHAPTER 3
COMPANY AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 RESEARCH

Field of study
Research methodology in interior design involves systematic approaches to gather, analyse,
and interpret data to inform design decisions.

 Literature Review: Examining existing studies, theories, and design principles

relevant to the project's context, style, and objectives.

 Observational Research: Directly observing how people interact with similar

spaces to understand user behaviour, preferences, and needs.

Research design

Research methodology for an interior design project involves a structured approach to

gathering information, analysing data, and making informed design decisions. Here's a step-
by-step outline.

 Site Analysis: Assess the physical characteristics of the site, such as its size,
layout, natural light, ventilation, and existing infrastructure.

 Concept Development: Brainstorm design concepts and themes that align with
the project brief and reflect the client's vision and objectives.

22
Collection of data

Technology Integration: Research and incorporate innovative technologies and systems, such
as smart home devices, energy-efficient lighting, and HVAC solutions. There are two types of
data:

 Primary data
 Secondary data

Primary data

Primary data are those collected specifically by regulatory compliance familiarize yourself with
local building codes, regulations, and standards relevant to the project, ensuring compliance
with safety and accessibility requirements.

Secondary data

Websites, reports, journals, magazines etc. Budgeting and cost analysis estimate project costs,
including materials, labour, and other expenses, to develop a realistic budget plan.
Sustainability considerations evaluate the environmental impact of design choices and
incorporate sustainable practices, such as energy-efficient design, recycled materials, and
waste reduction strategies.

Research instruments

Collaboration and Communication: Work closely with architects, engineers, contractors, and
other stakeholders to coordinate design decisions and ensure smooth project implementation.

Sampling method

Feedback and Iteration seek feedback from clients, users, and project team members
throughout the design process, allowing for iterative refinement and improvement of design
concepts.

23
Pre-testing

Visualization and Presentation use tools like mood boards, sketches, 3D renderings, and virtual
reality simulations to visualize and communicate design ideas effectively to clients and
stakeholders.

Statistical tools used

Documentation: Maintain thorough documentation of the research process, design decisions,

and project specifications for future reference and project continuity.

Pretesting analysis method

By following a systematic research methodology, interior designers can create thoughtful,

functional, and aesthetically pleasing spaces that meet the needs and aspirations of their clients
while adhering to project constraints and requirements.

Hypothesis

When formulating a hypothesis for an interior design project, consider incorporating elements
related to human behaviour, environmental psychology, aesthetics, and functionality. Here's a
potential hypothesis and a brief outline of a research methodology:

*Hypothesis:* The incorporation of biophonic design elements in office interiors positively

impacts employees' well-being and productivity.

24
3.2 Company profile

Adyah Interiors design

Since Adyah Interior was established in 2016, we are committed to providing our exclusive
service as an Interior Design to provide all kinds of home and office Interior Design and
decoration services with the best exceptional, comfortable and uniquely designed and lasting
happiness.

Adyah Interior offers excellence interiors that inspire every client.

Proud to have Zero compromise on our design and quality, the key person in the company is
Mr. P Vignesh who works closely with all our clients, taking a lot of time and care to identify
and nurture their aesthetic and lifestyle aspirations for their project. Mr. P Vignesh leads all
projects from a planning and creative perspective to completion and handover, supported by
his team to assist with details, drawings, costing and project management.

Our team of highly professional Interior Designs interpret each client's preferences and style
to deliver and complete innovative and elegant interior designs, we pride ourselves on the
quality of our designers and will constantly monitor standards to ensure you receive the best
possible service. Our design and commitment to every detail executed by ABC Company with
every project be it home interior or bedroom interior or office interior services is immense.

25
Creative & Inspiring Designs

26
Interior design is a multifaceted discipline that combines creativity, functionality, and
aesthetics to create cohesive and harmonious living or working environments. It involves
conceptualizing, planning, and executing designs that not only enhance the visual appeal of a
space but also optimize its functionality and comfort.

One of the key aspects of interior design is space planning. This involves analysing the layout
of a room or building and determining the best arrangement of furniture, fixtures, and other
elements to maximize usability and flow. Space planning takes into account factors such as
traffic patterns, natural light, and architectural features to create a balanced and efficient layout.

Colour scheme selection is another crucial element of interior design. Colours have a profound
impact on the atmosphere and mood of a space, so choosing the right palette is essential.
Designers consider factors such as the function of the space, the desired ambiance, and the
preferences of the occupants when selecting colours. They also take into account elements like

27
lighting and the size of the space to ensure that the chosen colours complement each other and
create a cohesive look.

Furniture and decor selection play a significant role in shaping the style and personality of a
space. Interior designers carefully choose pieces that not only fit the aesthetic vision of the
project but also meet the functional needs of the occupants. They consider factors such as scale,
proportion, and material to ensure that the furniture and decor enhance the overall design
scheme.

Lighting design is another important aspect of interior design. Proper lighting can transform
the look and feel of a space, highlighting architectural features, creating ambiance, and
enhancing functionality. Designers use a combination of natural and artificial lighting sources
to achieve the desired effect, taking into account factors such as brightness, colour temperature,
and placement.

Interior design encompasses various styles and elements tailored to individual preferences and
functional needs. Here's a brief profile highlighting key aspects:

 Style: Interior design styles range from traditional, contemporary, minimalist,

industrial, to eclectic and more. Each style has its own unique characteristics and
aesthetics.

 Colour Palette: Colours play a crucial role in setting the mood and ambiance of a space.
Interior designers carefully select colour palettes to evoke specific emotions and
complement the overall design theme.

 Furniture and Layout: Furniture selection and arrangement are vital components of
interior design. Designers choose furniture that not only fits the space but also enhances

28
 its functionality and visual appeal. The layout is planned to optimize traffic flow and
usability.

 Texture and Materials: Textures and materials add depth and interest to a space. Interior
designers incorporate a variety of materials such as wood, metal, glass, fabrics, and
natural elements to create tactile experiences and visual contrast.

 Lighting: Lighting design is essential for creating the right ambiance and enhancing the
overall design scheme. Interior designers utilize natural and artificial lighting sources
strategically to highlight architectural features, create focal points, and improve
functionality.

 Accessories and Decor: Accessories and decor items add personality and character to a
space. These include artwork, rugs, throw pillows, decorative objects, and plants, which
are carefully curated to complement the design style and add visual interest.

 Budget and Timeline: Interior design projects are typically guided by budget constraints
and timelines. Designers work within these parameters to deliver creative solutions that
meet the client's requirements while staying within the agreed-upon budget and
schedule.

By considering these key aspects, interior designers create cohesive and inviting spaces that

reflect the client's preferences and lifestyle while balancing aesthetics with functionality.

29
30
31
 CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Table 4.1 Frequency analysis of age:

AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

18-25 17 34%

26-30 23 46%

31-40 7 14%

41 and above 3 6%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 34% of respondents are belongs to Below 20, 46%
of respondents are belongs to 20-35,14% of respondents are belongs to 35-50,6% of
respondents are belongs to above 50.

Chart: Age of the respondents

6%
14% 18-25
34%
26-30
31-40
41 and above
46%

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to 20 – 35 age group.

32
Table 4.2 Frequency analysis of gender:

GENDER NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Male 28 56%

Female 22 44%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 56% of respondents are belongs to Male, 44% of
respondents are belongs to Female.

Chart: Gender of the respondents

44% Male

56% Female

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to Male gender.

33
Table 4.3 Frequency analysis of occupation:

OCCUPATION NO. OF PERCENTA

RESPONDENTS GE
Student 8 16%
Job holder 17 34%
Business man/women 15 30%
Unemployed 6 12%
Freelancer 4 8%
Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 16% of respondents are belongs to Student, 34% of
respondents are belongs to Job holder,30% of respondents are belongs to Business
Man/Women,12% of respondents are belongs to Unemployed,8% of respondents are belongs
to Freelancer.

Chart: Occupation respondents

8% 16%
12%
Student
Job holder

34% business man/women

30%
Unemployed
Freelance

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to job holder

34
Table 4.4 How many times do you change interior design in a month

Visiting frequency NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

1-2 time in a month 27 54%

3-4 time in a month 16 32%

More than 4 time in a month 7 14%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 54% of respondents are belongs to 1-2 time in a
month, 32% of respondents are belongs to 3-4 time in a month, 14% of respondents are belongs
to More than 4 time in a month.

Chart: Times of visiting respondents

14%

1 - 2 time in a month
3 - 4 time in a month
54% more than 4 time in a month
32%

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to 1 - 2 time in a month

35
Table 4.5 Will you suggest interior design

SUGGESTION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 10 20%

No 40 80%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 20% of respondents are belongs to suggested YES
food, 80% of respondents are belongs to suggested NO.

Chart: Suggestion respondents

20%

YES
NO

80%

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to suggested NO.

36
Table 4.6 What is your favourite interior design

CATEGORY NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Modern 23 46%

Traditional 27 54%

Total 50 100%

Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 46% of respondents are belongs to Modern, 54% of
respondents are belongs to Traditional

Chart: Favourite dish respondents

46% Modern

54% Traditional

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to TRADITIONAL.

37
Table 4.7 Would you agree interior design better than other design?

RESPONDS NO. OF PERCENTAGE

RESPONDENTS
Agree 10 20%

Strongly agree 2 4%

Neutral 25 50%

Disagree 11 22%

Strongly disagree 2 4%

Total 50 100
Interpretation

From the above table, it is interpreted that 20% of respondents are belongs to Agree, 4% of
respondents are belongs to Strongly agree,50% of respondents are belongs to Neutral,22% of
respondents are belongs to Disagree, 4% of respondents are belongs to Strongly Disagree

Chart: Respondents

4%
20% Agree
22%
Strongly agree
4%
Neutral

Disagree

50%
Strongly disagree

INFERENCE:

The majority of respondents are belonging to NEUTRAL.

38
 4.8 Data Analysis on Interior Design

Analysing the interior design market in India from 2010 to 2024 involves delving into a myriad
of factors to comprehend the evolution and dynamics of this industry. Over this period, the
Indian interior design market experienced significant growth and transformation, driven by
factors such as urbanization, increasing disposable income, changing consumer preferences,
and technological advancements.

From 2010 onwards, India witnessed a surge in urbanization, with more people migrating to
cities in search of better opportunities. This demographic shift fuelled demand for residential
and commercial spaces, thereby boosting the interior design sector. The growing middle class
and rising disposable incomes also played a crucial role in driving demand for interior design
services, as people sought to enhance the aesthetics and functionality of their living and
workspaces.

Moreover, changing consumer preferences and lifestyle trends influenced the interior design
market during this period. There was a shift towards contemporary and minimalist designs,
driven by the desire for simplicity, functionality, and sustainability. Additionally, the
emergence of digital platforms and social media channels facilitated greater access to design
inspiration and information, empowering consumers to make more informed choices and
driving demand for innovative design solutions.

Technological advancements also reshaped the interior design landscape in India over the past
decade. The adoption of computer-aided design (CAD) software, virtual reality (VR)
technology, and 3D printing revolutionized the design process, allowing designers to create
more realistic visualizations and prototypes, thereby enhancing client engagement and project
outcomes.

39
Furthermore, the interior design market in India witnessed the emergence of new players and
the consolidation of existing ones during this period. Both domestic and international firms
expanded their presence in the Indian market, offering a wide range of design services and
solutions to cater to diverse consumer needs and preferences. Collaborations between
designers, architects, and developers also became more prevalent, driving innovation and
creativity within the industry.

However, despite the significant growth and opportunities, the interior design market in India
also faced challenges during this period. These included issues related to regulatory
compliance, skill shortages, fluctuating raw material prices, and economic uncertainties.
Addressing these challenges required industry stakeholders to adapt to changing market
dynamics, invest in talent development and technology, and foster collaboration and innovation
to sustain growth and competitiveness.

In conclusion, the interior design market in India underwent significant transformation and
growth from 2010 to 2024, driven by urbanization, changing consumer preferences,
technological advancements, and market dynamics. Analysing this period provides valuable
insights into the evolution of the Indian interior design industry, highlighting key trends,
challenges, and opportunities that shaped its trajectory over the past decade.

40
 4.9 Interpretation on Interior Design

Over the past decade, from 2010 to 2024, interior design in India has experienced a remarkable
evolution marked by a blend of traditional Indian elements and modern global influences. This
period witnessed a shift towards more personalized and eclectic interiors, with designers
drawing inspiration from India's rich cultural heritage while embracing contemporary design
principles.

One notable trend during this time was the revival of traditional craftsmanship and artisanal
techniques. Designers began incorporating intricate handcrafted elements such as wooden
carvings, handwoven textiles, and intricate metalwork into interior spaces, adding a sense of
authenticity and warmth. This resurgence of craftsmanship not only celebrated India's artisanal
heritage but also promoted sustainable practices and supported local communities.

In parallel, there was a growing emphasis on sustainable and eco-friendly design solutions.
With increasing awareness about environmental issues, interior designers in India began
integrating green building practices, energy-efficient technologies, and natural materials into
their projects. This shift towards sustainability not only aligned with global trends but also
reflected a broader societal consciousness about environmental responsibility.

Furthermore, the concept of "Indian Modernism" emerged as a dominant aesthetic in interior

design during this period. Indian Modernism combined traditional Indian elements with
contemporary design sensibilities, creating spaces that were both culturally resonant and
visually striking. This approach celebrated India's diverse cultural heritage while embracing
minimalist forms, clean lines, and innovative use of space.

In terms of colour palettes and patterns, there was a move towards bold and vibrant hues
inspired by India's landscapes, festivals, and textiles. Rich jewel tones such as deep blues,
emerald greens, and spicy reds were juxtaposed with earthy neutrals to create dynamic and

41
visually stimulating interiors. Geometric patterns, intricate motifs, and floral designs drawn
from traditional Indian art forms added layers of visual interest and depth to interior spaces.

Additionally, technological advancements played a significant role in shaping interior design

practices in India during this period. The proliferation of digital tools and visualization software
empowered designers to experiment with new ideas, streamline the design process, and
communicate their vision more effectively to clients.

Looking ahead, the future of interior design in India promises to be even more dynamic and
diverse, driven by a continuous exploration of cultural identity, sustainability, and innovation.
As India continues to assert itself on the global stage, its rich tapestry of traditions,
craftsmanship, and contemporary creativity will undoubtedly leave an indelible mark on the
world of interior design.

42
 4.10 Interior Design India Market Turnover

The interior design market in India has experienced significant growth and transformation in
recent years, reflecting the country's evolving urban landscape, changing lifestyle preferences,
and increasing disposable incomes. This growth has been fuelled by various factors, including
rapid urbanization, a burgeoning middle class, and a growing appreciation for aesthetics and
quality living spaces.

One of the key drivers of the interior design market in India is the country's rapid urbanization.
With millions of people moving to cities in search of better opportunities, there has been a
corresponding increase in demand for residential and commercial spaces that are not only
functional but also visually appealing. This has led to a surge in construction activity across
major cities, creating a robust market for interior design services.

Additionally, the rising disposable incomes of India's middle class have contributed to the
expansion of the interior design market. As people's purchasing power increases, they are
willing to invest more in enhancing the aesthetic appeal of their homes and offices. This has
led to a growing demand for professional interior designers who can transform living and
working spaces into personalized and visually stunning environments.

Furthermore, the growing awareness and appreciation for design aesthetics have also played a
crucial role in shaping the interior design market in India. With access to global design trends
and inspiration through the internet and social media platforms, Indian consumers are
increasingly seeking innovative and stylish interior solutions. This has created opportunities
for both domestic and international interior design firms to cater to this demand and offer
cutting-edge design services.

The interior design market in India encompasses a wide range of segments, including
residential, commercial, hospitality, retail, and healthcare sectors. Each segment presents
unique opportunities and challenges, requiring designers to adapt their approach and expertise

43
accordingly. Whether it's creating luxurious residential interiors, designing trendy cafes and
restaurants, or conceptualizing functional yet aesthetically pleasing office spaces, the Indian
interior design industry offers a diverse and dynamic landscape for professionals to explore.

While precise turnover figures for the Indian interior design market may vary depending on the
source and methodology, it is evident that the sector is experiencing robust growth and offers
promising prospects for stakeholders. As India continues to urbanize and evolve, the demand
for innovative and high-quality interior design solutions is expected to remain strong, further
fuelling the expansion of this vibrant industry.

44
 CHAPTER 5
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSION

5.1 Findings

Exploring Contemporary Trends and Insights in Interior Design

Interior design has undergone a fascinating evolution, reflecting changing lifestyles,

technological advancements, and a growing consciousness towards sustainability and well-
being. This essay delves into some key findings and trends shaping the contemporary landscape
of interior design.

One of the most prominent trends in interior design is the integration of biophilic elements.
This approach emphasizes the connection between humans and nature by incorporating natural
materials, abundant greenery, and ample natural light into interior spaces. Research has shown
that biophonic design not only enhances aesthetic appeal but also contributes to improved
mood, productivity, and overall well-being.

Colour psychology plays a pivotal role in interior design, influencing the atmosphere and
emotions within a space. Designers are increasingly mindful of selecting colours that evoke
specific moods and complement the intended function of a room. For instance, calming shades
of blue and green are often used in bedrooms and relaxation areas, while vibrant hues like red
and yellow can energize and stimulate creativity in workspaces.

Flexibility and adaptability have become paramount considerations in interior design,

particularly with the growing prevalence of remote work and flexible lifestyles. Designing
multifunctional spaces that can seamlessly transition between work, leisure, and social
activities has become a priority for many homeowners and commercial clients alike.

45
Sustainability has emerged as a core principle in contemporary interior design practices.
Designers are embracing eco-friendly materials, energy-efficient solutions, and sustainable
manufacturing processes to minimize environmental impact and promote responsible
consumption. From reclaimed wood furniture to energy-saving lighting fixtures, sustainable
design choices are becoming increasingly prevalent across residential and commercial projects.

Technology is revolutionizing interior design, with smart home innovations transforming the
way we interact with our living spaces. From voice-activated lighting and temperature control
to automated window treatments and integrated entertainment systems, technology is
seamlessly integrated into modern interiors to enhance comfort, convenience, and connectivity.

Minimalism continues to exert its influence on interior design, characterized by clean lines,
uncluttered spaces, and a focus on functionality. Minimalist interiors exude a sense of serenity
and sophistication, emphasizing quality over quantity and promoting a more mindful approach
to consumption.

Personalization is another key trend in interior design, as individuals seek to imbue their living
spaces with unique touches that reflect their personalities and lifestyles. From custom furniture
pieces to curated art collections, personalized elements add depth and character to interior
spaces, fostering a sense of belonging and individuality.

Conclusion on findings in interior design is a dynamic and multifaceted field shaped by diverse
influences and evolving trends. From biophilic principles and sustainability initiatives to
technological advancements and minimalist aesthetics, today's interior designers are
continually pushing boundaries and redefining the art of creating meaningful and inspiring
living environments.

46
5.2 Suggestions

Interior design has witnessed a remarkable evolution over the past decade, reflecting shifting
societal values, technological advancements, and changing lifestyles. From the emergence of
new design styles to the integration of innovative technologies, this essay explores the key
trends and transformations that have shaped interior design from 2010 to 2024.

 Transitional Style (2010s): The early 2010s marked the rise of transitional style, which
seamlessly blends traditional and contemporary elements. This style appealed to
homeowners seeking a timeless aesthetic that bridged the gap between classic elegance
and modern simplicity.

 Open Floor Plans (2010s): Open floor plans gained popularity throughout the 2010s,
reflecting a desire for spaciousness and connectivity in residential spaces. Removing
barriers between living areas, kitchens, and dining spaces became a common design
approach, fostering a sense of flow and flexibility.

 Neutral Color Palettes (2010s): Neutral color palettes dominated interior design trends
in the early to mid-2010s, with colors like white, beige, and gray serving as foundational
hues. These versatile tones created a serene backdrop for various design styles while
allowing for easy customization with pops of color or texture.

 Industrial Chic (2010s): Inspired by urban living and industrial aesthetics, industrial
chic design gained momentum in the 2010s. Exposed brick walls, metal accents, and
reclaimed wood elements became iconic features, adding character and warmth to
interiors.

 Smart Home Technology (2010s-2020s): The integration of smart home technology

reshaped interior design throughout the 2010s and continued to evolve in the following

47
 years. From voice-activated assistants to automated lighting and security systems,
technology became seamlessly integrated into modern living spaces, enhancing
comfort, convenience, and connectivity.

 Biophilic Design (2010s-2020s): Biophilic design emerged as a significant trend,

emphasizing the connection between humans and nature. Incorporating natural
materials, indoor plants, and ample natural light became key strategies for creating
healthy and inspiring environments that promote well-being.

 Sustainable Design (2010s-2020s): With increasing awareness of environmental issues,

sustainable design practices gained prominence in interior design. From eco-friendly
materials to energy-efficient solutions and responsible manufacturing processes,
sustainability became a core consideration for designers and homeowners alike.

 Maximalism (Late 2010s-2020s): Towards the late 2010s and into the 2020s, there was
a resurgence of maximalism in interior design. Bold colors, eclectic patterns, and
luxurious textures were embraced to create dramatic and expressive interiors that
celebrated individuality and creativity.

 Wellness Design (2020s): In response to the growing focus on health and wellness,
wellness design emerged as a significant trend in the 2020s. Designing spaces that
promote physical and mental well-being through factors like air quality, lighting, and
ergonomic furniture became a priority for designers and homeowners.

 Remote Workspaces (2020s): With the rise of remote work, dedicated home office
spaces became essential in residential interior design. Designing functional and
aesthetically pleasing workspaces that support productivity and creativity while
blending seamlessly with the overall home decor became a focus for many interior
designers.

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5.3 Conclusion

We would like to conclude that the interior design is a dynamic and ever-evolving field that
encompasses a diverse range of styles, trends, and principles. From the classic elegance of
traditional design to the sleek minimalism of contemporary aesthetics, interior design reflects
the individual tastes, lifestyles, and aspirations of its inhabitants.

Over the years, interior design has witnessed significant transformations driven by changing
societal values, technological advancements, and environmental considerations. From the
emergence of biophilic design and sustainable practices to the integration of smart home
technology and wellness-focused spaces, designers are constantly innovating to create
environments that not only look aesthetically pleasing but also support the well-being and
functionality of occupants.

As we look to the future, interior design will continue to evolve in response to emerging trends,
technological innovations, and evolving lifestyles.

Ultimately, interior design goes beyond mere aesthetics—it has the power to shape our
experiences, enhance our well-being, and create meaningful connections with our
surroundings. As designers and homeowners alike embrace the transformative potential of
interior design, we can look forward to a future where our living spaces are not just beautiful,
but also functional, sustainable, and deeply enriching to our lives.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Beyer, H. Gleen. Housing and Society. New York: The Macmillan Company, 2011.

Bird, Eric and Kenneth Holmes. Decorating for the Amateur. New York: The Studio
Publications, 2017.

Birren, Faber. Colour, Form and Space. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1961.

Birren, Faber. Mew Horizon in Colour. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1955.

Bittermann, Eleanor. Art in Modern Architecture. New York: Reinhold Publishing

Corporation, 2010.

Collier's Encyclopaedia. XIII. Canada: Crowell Collier and Mcmillan, Inc., 2012.

Commery, E. W. and C. Eugene Stephenson. How to Decorate and Light Your New York:
Coward-McCann, Inc., 1955.

Cooper, Dan. Inside Your Home. New York: Farrar, Straus and Company, 1946.

Craig, Thompson Hazel and Ola Day Rush. Homes With Character. Boston: b. C. Heath and
Company, 1952.

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Dal, Fabbro Mario. Modern Furniture- Its Design and Construction. New York: Reinhold
Publishing Corporation, 1949.

Eckbo, Garrett. Landscape for Living. New York: F. W. Dodge Corporation, 1950.

Ford, Morros Katherine and Thomas H. Creighton. The American House Today. New York:
Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1951

Giedion, S. Architecture You and He. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1958.

Gillies, Mary Davis. Popular Home Decoration. New York: Wise and Company, 1940.

Goldstein, H. and V. Goldstein. Art in Everyday Life. New York: The MacMillan Company,
1954.

Grillo, Paul Jacques. What is Design. Chicago: Paul Threshold and Company, 1960.

Hudnut, Joseph. Architecture and the Spirit of Man. Cambridge: Harvard University Press,
2016.

Sunset Ideas for Storage in Your Home. California: Lane Publishing Company, 2024.

Tunnard, Christopher. The City of Man. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2020.

Walsh, Vandervoort Harold. Your House Begins with You. New York: George W. Steward,
Inc., 2023.

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Wheeler, Virginia. Kitchen. New York: Abelard-Schuman, 2023.

Wright, Frank L. The Natural House. New York: Horizon Press, 2022.

Wright, Russel and Mary Wright. Guide to Easier Living. New York: Simon Schuster, 2024

Zevi, Bruno. Architecture as Space. New York: Horizon Press, 1957.

Pahlmann, William. The Pahlmann Book of Interior Design. New York: Bryan Holme, 1955.

Palmer, Louis. You’re House. Boston: The Boston Cooking School Magazine Company,
1928.

Parson, Frank Alvah. Interior Decoration: Its Principles and Practice. New York: Doubleday,
Page and Company, 1919.

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 ANNEXURE

Name:

Age:

 18-25
 26-30
 31-40
 41 and above

Gender:

 Male
 Female

1. What colours do you like?

 Pastels
 Blacks
 Neutrals
 Ocean colours
 Bold colours

2. What colours do you dislike?

 Yellows
 Mustard
 Neutrals
 Dark colours
 Overly bright colours

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3. What design style(s) do you prefer?
 Modern
 Contemporary
 Traditional
 Bohemian
 Other

4. What design style(s) do you absolutely dislike?

 Modern
 Contemporary
 Traditional
 Bohemian
 Other

5. What patterns, if any, do you like?

 Stripe
 Zigzags
 Polka dots
 Other

6. What patterns, if any, do you dislike?

 Stripes
 Zigzags
 Polka dots
 Other

7. What words would you use to describe the ideal style of the room?
 Sophisticated
 Neutrals
 Welcoming
 Romantic

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8. How do you want the space to “feel”, or what mood do you want it to create?
 Warm
 Cosy
 Lively
 Glamorous
 Welcoming

9. What are your preferences for flooring?

 Hardwood
 Carpet
 Concrete
 Tile
 marble

10. What are your preferences for artwork?

 Abstract
 Landscape
 Nature
 Photographs
 Architecture

11. Which colour scheme do you prefer for the space?

 Monochromatic (varying shades of one colour)

 Analogous (colours adjacent to each other on the colour wheel)
 Complementary (colours opposite each other on the colour wheel)
 Triadic (three colours evenly spaced on the colour wheel)

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12. What style of furniture are you drawn to?

 Contemporary
 Traditional
 Modern
 Mid-century modern

13. What type of lighting fixtures do you prefer?

 Chandeliers
 Pendant lights
 Recessed lighting
 Floor lamps

14. Which flooring material appeals to you the most?

 Hardwood
 Laminate
 Tile
 Carpet

15. What type of window treatments do you envision?

 Curtains
 Blinds
 Shutters
 Roman shades

16. What kind of fabrics do you prefer for upholstery and drapery?

 Cotton
 Velvet
 Linen
 Silk

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 17. What type of storage solutions are you looking for?

 Built-in cabinets
 Floating shelves
 Storage ottomans
 Closet organizers

18. What type of artwork and decor do you envision for the space?

 Paintings
 Sculptures
 Wall decals
 Gallery wall with a mix of frames and artwork

19. Which accent pieces are you interested in incorporating?

 Area rugs
 Throw pillows
 Decorative vases
 Statement mirrors

20. Do you have a specific theme or vibe you want to achieve for the space?

 Minimalist
 Industrial
 Coastal
 Bohemian

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