1.

0 INTRODUCTION

When donors give their money or provide voluntary services to projects in the

community they will always want to see or knowthe effect on the community and

of the project on that community according to their goal. Usually they provide

these services or goods in the hope that the life of the community will change for

the better. In the same way FlDA (U)in partnership with Plan Uganda as the

donor is providing legal aid through adult literacy to address the growing problem
of ensuring that People Living With HIVIAIDS (PLWHA) and those most affected

by HIVIAIDS live a decent live.

The project is basically providing voluntary services to the community. therefore

the researcheris interested in finding the performance trends of the services and
the setgoals which has been achieved.

Whereas there have been a number of studies on poverty and income in

household in the past, there remain a number of unresolved issues. In that case

the researcher wants to assess the situation after the sensitisation of the

community through Adult literacy by FIDA (U) on the legal rights and other

related laws such inheritance and co-owners of property to see if there is

increase in household incomes since the introduction of this project. The

researcher feels that the project as much as it help to sensitise the community

about their rights and other related issues there seenm to be little effect if any to

some people. The researcher wants to investigate whether strategy of adult

literacy has become boring to the community since in most cases the same

topics are repeated.

The adult literacy is involved in teaching the community about the rights and

better practices which can improve their standard of living.

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 FIDA provides 8 or more awareness in a month the
in project area. To there
target groups who are women, school children and teachers and people livíng

with HIVIAIDS.

The researcher believes that the program's místake to the cornmunity ís

repeating the same topics to the same people therefore becormíng boríng and to
that effect little at any
if
changing the community's income.
all is

Growth in household incomes to the community is

critical to future developrnent
and success therefore the many
if
instruments should be used to promote
incomes in the household.

The researcher needs know whether the incomes have

to
ímproved because of
the sensitization or are the community hiding their
feelings and just listening
since the program is already there and there is nothing they can.

2.0 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

apage maximum)
While adultliteracy can provide many
benefits to the community like learning how
to read and write, provide information through teaching and training of the
community in business,health, social welfare and legal rights etc, the researcher
is attempting to investigate whether through this sensitízation the community's
income have improved or worsened because of the community i.e. women, men
andchildren knowing their rights.

The researcher's interests are to attempt and evaluate or assess

how the
community has benefited and their feeling towards the project and whether their
lives have changed andin what way.

ls program being advocated for helping the community directly or indirectly to

improve household income?
 3.0 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The main purpose of the study is to establish whether through adult literacy FIDA
(U)has managed to improve the income of the community (by making them
aware of the practices which can bring stability in the homes) thereby improving
their and standard of living.

Through this study the researcher intendsto get information that can be used to

establish benchmark against which the project progress will be measured, in

addition toareas not adequately addressed by the project interventions.

The researcher wants to come up with some written literature supporting the

study to help the project implementers to improve on the services they are

providing.

4.0 OBJECTIVES Dout go beyond (3) sbyechve

1
To establish the volume of domestic savings among the people of the

project area.

2.
To establish benchmarks against which to measure project progress.
3. The study is to find out whether there is relationship between adult

literacy and household income of the community.

4 To findout the general income disparity of the people in project area.

5.0 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

the researcher believes that will contribute to substantial

If accomplished, it

awareness to a number of people:

be aware of whether their incomes have

• To the community, they will

improved.

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 To the researchers to identify weakness before they become major
problems in plans and trends in the progress of projects.
• To the donors, they will be able to establish best approach to the activities
provided to the community

To donors establish benchmarks against which to measure project

progress.

To academics to provide some information on this subject for reference in

academic institutions.

6.0 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY

FIDA (U)started its operations in Uganda in 1974 and has a total of 7 offices
country wide i.e. 4 branches in Kampala, Mbale, Mbarara and Arua and 3
projects i.e. in Luwero, Tororo and lganga.

The study be limited to

will
measuring the benefits and progress of the project to
the community while identifying areas not adequately addressed. The

researcher will be looking at the achievements and challenges at present and

comparing with the before the implementationof the
project.

FIDA (U)has offices countrywide but the researcher will base the study in FIDA
(U)– Tororo and will be looking at 4 of the sub-counties in the project area ie.

Mukujju, Mella, Osukuru and Molo and will be looking at the period between 2003
and 2004.

7.0 RESEARCH QUESTIONS (shd be eque oth oyecvas l3)

The study questions are: -

How has adult literacy improved the income of the community?

Is there a difference in the standard of living of the community

compared to before?
 What are the benchmarks to measure the progress of the
project?
What the general income
isparity of in the project area

8.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

8.1 Introduction

Most of the literature available on the subiect is a result

discussions, which were conducted of studies and
about adult literacy and
more to be learnt about from income. There is
studiesand discussions altogether.

Most of the agreed that adult literacy can lead to various

household income. developments including

Therefore this chapter the

researcherwill giveout views about the
she is investigating and the subjectmatter
relationship between independent
variables. She willalso and dependent
identify whether there has been
she any research in the field
is investigating.

The researcher believes that the defined problem is not new.

8.2 The Project

FIDA (U)and Plan (U) in partnership through FIDA (U) - Tororo project
developed its project designed to provide legal aid to
PLWAS. In reality FIDA (U)
implemented a wide range of program activities beyond the core
objectives it was
designed to provide to the community. These activities were implemented as
parallel programs aimed at realising independentlystated goals, objectives and
expected output.

With the community as its primary target group FIDA (U) – Tororo continues to
be one of the feworganisations that specifically provide adult literacy through

teaching the community about their legal rights ownership of property and how it

can improve their lives. This intervention is particularly critical given the
patriarchal nature of the society and the increased vulnerability of women and
children particularly due to the high incidence of HIV/AIDS.

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 In this case the researcher's interest be
will centered on the relationship between
adult literacy and improvement of household income.

8.3 Income:

Income disparity is a result of many factors. Among others, low levels of income
of people, ignorance, lack of enough funds to finance projects, levels of
education and difference in
employment opportunities.

8.4 Adult Literacy

Adult literacy learning offers many benefits to adults whether via more formal
classroom based learning or informal sessions and voluntary work,
learning can
enhance self-esteem,confidence, and health, income as well as helping people
make new friends, improve career prospects and develop
new skillis

The community will not only sustain the early gains made during adult literacy
but
will also help to improve skills and reduce social exclusion among adults. Among
the listed benefits for adults are increased literacy and numeracy, greater

confidence and better employability, particularly for those people from deprived
backgrounds. These are in addition to the more often reported benefits for

community who engage in adult education.

This research has found that individuals who improvetheir basic skills learning:

improve their life chance in the labour marker, moving up the occupational

status scale and resisting unemployment

suffer less from poor physical and mental health

are less likely to have children experiencing difficulty at school

are more likely to be active citizens, as shown by voting and expressing

interest in politics and

and less discriminating in their attitudes
are more liberal

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Inaddition, findings in U.K suggest that improvements to basic skills gained by
meeting targets Would be likely to generate savings of £2.54 billion to the
taxpayer per year for numeracy
improvement and £0.44 billion for literacy
improvement. In the long run, this would result in a £4.500 Government Saving
per personfor both
numeracy and literacy.

Organisations are striving to improve the quality of their products/services.

According to Stevenson J.W " most organisations are constantly striving to
improve the quality of their product/service" through competitive pressures
complaints from clients, employees, professionalism and desire to increase
customers, shares and performance or
recognition. Some of the major sourceS
of improvements are research and development
and competitors.

The researcher agrees which that opinion in that if organisations were

pressurised by the others they would monitor there organisations properly but in

most cases project are left to the managers who on use

latter it for their own
benefits.

Inview of the above observations, is apparentthat income

it is the result of many
varied factors, but this study seeks to investigate household income after

sensitization the community

Therefore an assessment of the planned activities versus actual outcomes would

be of great importance to the project donors as well as the community.

8.5 Monitoring and Evaluation

Evaluation of project is one tool used to find the benefits and or the effects of the

projects.

"Monitoringand evaluation is one of the most talked about,

but least practiced aspects of organisational management"

Organisations and managers are
often aware that in order to be effective they
need to know on a regular
basis how well their
organisations are doing; but tena
(in reality) to base decision making on
personal and staff judgement, anecdotal
data, or haphazardly collected
information, Managers commonly state
filed
that
they tend to place less
emphasis on monitoring and evaluation
because they
perceive measuring performance
is complex, time
intensive and because they
don't see a real benefit of investing in monitoring and evaluation systems. Many
organisations and their management consider Monitoring and Evaluation
Reporting (MER)to be a requirement
of the funding agencies that
support them
and thus see MER as an
external necessity. For instance, few managers
consider M&E to be the strategic system
they can adapt for assessing
organisational capacity, judging their economic effectiveness, or predicting their

organisation's future sustainability.

Civil Society Organisations exist in large part because they believe that change
to the social, administrative or ecological an area
conditions of will occur as a
result of natural and human factors. Organisations believe in large part, that if

they intervene with initiatives and programs, change will be promoted in a

positive manner. The overall goal of management therefore is to keep the

character and rate of change due to human factors within acceptable (or

preferable) levels. The management chalenge is not one of how to prevent any

change in an area but to identify what management actions are needed to guide
and control it. A MER system is simply a tool that organisations and managers

use to see if they are achieving change.

 9.0METHODOLOGY

This section is made up of the description of how the research will be conducted.

This includes the design of the study, survey population, sample design, and

data collection instrument, proposed data analysis methods, limitations and

delimitations of the study.

9.1 The study Population

The study will consist of community and community volunteers of the targeted

area i.e. 8 parishes in Tororo district being the main focus. The justification

selecting the 8 parishes is because the programs are being implemented in the

area. The study populationsare Ugandan of diverse ethnic backgrounds diverse

languages spoken; the main language of communication will be English and

Japhadhola.

3.2 The sample size

mats
The sample size will be 60 respondents comprising ot 7 from each parish.

Categories of the sample will include:

Community volunteers
Local leaders

The individuals from the community Gie aksh Cal

Stakeholders

Independentanalysts/Consultant

9.3 Research Design

A cross sectional/Documentary survey approach will be undertaken involving the

community volunteers, resident of the community and clients, project analysts,

management and third parties (both female and male).

Sources of data will

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 include both primary data to be collected and secondary data to be reviewed.
Questionnaires and interviews will be some of the methods of
Roth gualitative data collectionS.
and quantitative methods will be used.

9.4 Sampling Procedure

To get a sample that is representative. the researcher
will use a
combination of a purposive and convenient sampling
methods of data
collection in selecting the respondents from which
opinions will be sought
during the research

9.5 Methods of Data Collection

The researcher will collect data through primary
sources, which will nclude
individuals, focus groups.

The secondary sources include

will company records, archives, Internet and
mediapublications. In some instancescase studies will also be used. Under the
qualitative methodology, an interview quide will be to obtain
utilize in-depth data
from the key informants while questionnaires will be administered on the
community and community volunteers. Both formal and informal interviews will

be in both in English.

9.5.1 Written Questionnaires: These will be open-ended to permit free

responses that will be recorded in the respondents' own words. This will also

help to obtain facts the researcher isn't familiar with on opinions, attitudes and
suggestions of respondents and information on sensitive issues. Some
questions will be closed so that the researcher does not obtain more information

than is needed.

9.5.2 In-depth Interview method: will involve consultations and discussions.

This will include oral questions to respondents as individual i.e. project

managers, LCs and Executive officers.

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 Following formal
questionnaires, the
researcher
further understand stated facts.
will
engage in discussion to
This will
dependent on willingness of respondent
and time available.

9.6 Procedure of data

collection

1. The research proposal will

under go approval
procedures through an
established Research
Committee for higher learning at
2 Ndejje University.
The researcher will obtain
letter of introduction
from department oT
Business Administration of
Ndejje University
3. The researcher will obtain permission from FIDA (U) offices t0
Conduct research in the project.
4. The researcher will notify
the community volunteers and
the selected
individualsin the community and third parties of her
intention to conduct
research inthe organisation. And respondents knowledgeable about the
study will be identified.

5. Study purpose will be clearly explained to the individual respondents

identified and consent sought.
6. Respondent be assured
will of confidentiality

7. Study will commence

9.7Data Processing and Analysis

The researcher will ensure quality control to ensure validity and reliability of the
data. Compiled data will then under gothe following process below:

Editing

• Coding

Classification

Tabulation

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 the study.
will
be nalysed systematically according to the objective
objective of
Data
also be
and sub-theme will beidentified and grouped together. Data will
Themes
edited ofr consistency, completeness, accuracy and uniformity.

9.8 Limitations/Anticipated Problems

Study will be limited in scope in the sample because not all the categories

quoted will be available.

Challenges in tracing respondents since of them might have moved or be

somewhere else. The researcher hopes to utilize the use or

committed

researcher assistants to trace them.

from the community who might have a dislike on the

Bias in response

project.

Financial constraints. The researcher will work on a tight budget.

many tribes; therefore the researcher might have to

Tororo is composed of

use translators.

10.0 THE BUDGET

Amount
A Secretarial/Stationary
70,000
Typing
20,000
Photocopying
15,000
Binding
14,000
Papers
Sub-total 119,000
B Fieldwork 60,000
Research Assistant 2 100,000
20,000
Transport allowance
Sub-total 180,000
Data Analysis 30,000
Data entry 10,000
25,000
A report production/binding
Sub-total 65,000
17.950
Contingency 5%
Grand Total 381,950
 11.0 THE SCHEDULE OR WORK PLAN
This research
is scheduled to take 12 weeks.

Activity Period/week

1.
Preparation of questionnaires 1

Data collection 3
2
Data entry/analysis 2
3
4 Literature

1.5
5 Writing/Proof reading

Reading/supervisor's comments 2
6 (1 Draft)

Corrections 0.5
7.
0.5
8. Supervisor's final comment

Final brief from supervisor 0.5

TOTAL 12

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 12.0 References

1 Omagor, C., (1988): Using Questions to Collect Primary Data:

Unpublished.

2. Sanders Mark (Dr), Lewis Philip and Thornhill Adrian (Dr) (1997):

Research Methods for Business Students: Pitman Publishers,

London
the
3. John Byner, and others: Improving adult basic skills: benefits to

individual and to society,

4
Stevenson W.J: Production/Operations Management

Business Research - A Practical

5 Jill Hussey and Roger Hussey (1997):

Undergraduate/Post graduate students, Palgrave, London

guide for

Shalew