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    Experiment No1

    Uploaded by

    Ali Ahmed
    Civil1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Experiment No1

    Uploaded by

    Ali Ahmed
    2 views4 pages
    Civil1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    Civil1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    2 views4 pages

    Experiment No1

    Uploaded by

    Ali Ahmed
    Civil1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Experiment No.

    1
    To determine Laminar and Turbulent flow conditions in pipe flow

    1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
    This equipment provides laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow as predicted by Osborne Reynolds. It is
    to be used with Hydraulics Bench (separately supplied).
    It consists of a removable clear acrylic cylinder with an adjustable overflow pipe. Water is admitted at the
    bottom of the tank through a diffuser and stilling materials, and is discharged via a bell mouth transparent
    vertical test pipe with a flow control valve at the end. Flow rate is measured by a measuring cup. A dye
    injection system is installed on top of the acrylic cylinder tank and flow patterns in the pipe can be
    observed against a white background plate.
    2. INTRODUCTION TO FLUID MECHANICS
    2.1 Laminar Flow (Fig. 2-1)
    When the flow is very slow the molecules of the fluid will move in layers parallel to the pipe wall in the
    direction of the flow. The molecules at the center of the pipe move much faster than the molecules near
    the wall. This state of flow is called Laminar Flow.
    2.2 Turbulent Flow (Fig. 2-2)
    When the flow is very fast the molecules have an irregular motion in a diffused pattern but in general, in
    the direction of flow with nearly the same velocity across the diameter except molecules near the pipe will
    move only slightly slower than the molecules near the center of the pipe. This state of flow is called
    turbulent flow. Flows in most cases of engineering study are turbulent flow.
    3.1 Set the Hydraulics Bench to a level position as per the Hydraulics Bench instruction manual.
    3.2 Place the Osborne Reynolds apparatus on a bench next to the Hydraulics Bench such that discharge
    of the apparatus can still be made to the bench measuring tank. This is to eliminate any disturbance on the
    stream line due to bench vibrations. Adjust the screws at the base for a level condition and connect the
    water supply hose from the bench to the test equipment.
    3.3 Adjust the apparatus over flow tube about 5cm. lower the top head tank.
    3.4 Connect the Hydraulics Bench water outlet to the test apparatus.
    3.5 Open the Hydraulics Bench flow control valve slightly to allow only small over flow.
    3.6 Mix the dye with water and pour the mixture into the dye reservoir.
    3.7 Put the dye reservoir in place as Fig. 3-1. Adjust the needle to the center line of the test tube slightly
    and protrude into the bell mouth.
    3.8 Slightly open the test tube flow control valve for a small flow.
    3.9 Slightly open the dye flow control valve. The objective is to allow the dye velocity at the needle outlet
    is of the same velocity as the water entering the test tube so that the dye is a stream line.
    3.10 Water flow rate is measured by a stop watch and a graduated beaker placing at the apparatus
    discharge.
    3.11 Observe that the dye remain as a stream line in the test tube. The line may move slightly side to side
    but remain as a single line.
    3.12 Record the water temperature.
    3.13 Record the flow volume and time per 3.10.
    3.14 Slight increase the flow rate and adjust the dye flow rate if necessary, until the stream line begins to
    diffuse, which signifies turbulent flow. Record the flow volume and time as per 3.10.
    3.15 Slowly decrease the opening of the flow control valve until the flow changes from turbulent to
    laminar and measure the flow rate by the measuring cup.
    3.16 Repeat steps 3.14 and 3.15 many times to obtain a clear transition region.
    DATA SHEET

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