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Revision, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Groundwater Amphipods

Salentinellidae. I. Description of Salentinella anae nov. sp. from Spain with
Remarks on the Genera Salentinella a...

Article in ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE · November 2002

DOI: 10.2108/zsj.19.1147 · Source: PubMed

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 Revision, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Groundwater Amphipods
Salentinellidae. I. Description of Salentinella anae nov. sp. from Spain with
Remarks on the Genera Salentinella and Parasalentinella
Author(s): Mohammed Messouli, Nicole Coineau, and Claude Boutin
Source: Zoological Science, 19(10):1147-1154.
Published By: Zoological Society of Japan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.19.1147
URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2108/zsj.19.1147

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ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 19: 1147–1154 (2002)  2002 Zoological Society of Japan

Revision, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Groundwater

Amphipods Salentinellidae. I . Description of Salentinella
anae nov. sp. from Spain with Remarks on the Genera
Salentinella and Parasalentinella
Mohammed Messouli1, Nicole Coineau2* and Claude Boutin3
1
Université de Marrakech, Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, U.F.R. Sciences de l’Eau,
Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie, BP 2390, Marrakech, Maroc
2
Université P. et M. Curie-Paris 6, Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls,
Laboratoire Arago, 66650 Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
3
Université Paul Sabatier, UMR UPS-CNRS 55 52 (L.E.T.), Bât. 4R3,
Equipe Biodiversité et Evolution des Arthropodes, 118 route de
Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse cedex, France

ABSTRACT—A new species of the groundwater amphipod Salentinella (Crustacea, Salentinel-

lidae), S. anae, is described from Spain. This species is characterised by spines on the anten-
nula peduncle, the absence of retinaculae on the pleopods, and the morphology of the coxal
plate 1. Different morphological characters are evaluated before a phylogenetic study of the
family. Salentinella prognatha is assigned as a synonym of S. petiti. The description of the genus
Parasalentinella, as well as the diagnosis of the Salentinellidae are completed.

Key words: amphipoda, Salentinellidae, systematics, groundwater, western Mediterranean

tinella rouchi and the additional diagnosis of the family are

INTRODUCTION
also given. This study aims at giving new details on charac-
The Salentinellidae are small-sized amphipods (crus- ters which can be considered evolutionary markers useful
taceans) exclusively living in interstitial fresh or slightly for phylogeny studies. As already demonstrated (Boutin et
brackish groundwaters. Up to now, the family comprizes two al., 1992; Darlu and Tassy, 1993; Messouli, 1994; Tabacaru
genera. Salentinella Ruffo, 1947 contains 15 species and and Danielopol, 1999; Koenemann and Holsinger, 1999;
subspecies. Parasalentinella Bou, 1971 is a monotypic Botosaneanu, 2001), such a preliminary analysis of morpho-
genus. The phylogenetic relationships within this group have logical structures should be performed prior to phylogenetic
never been considered, although several authors suggested reconstructions. The second part of the work about the Sal-
that the marine Liljeborgiidae should be the sister group of entinellidae will constitute a forthcomming paper devoted to
the Salentinellidae (Coineau, 1963, 1968; Bousfield, 1982, phylogenic relationships and the historical biogeography
1983; Barnard and Barnard, 1983; Ruffo, 1986; Notenboom, within the family Salentinellidae.
1991).
All species of this family occur in the western Mediter- SALENTINELLA ANAE sp.nov.
ranean area, from the Balkanic peninsula and Italy, to Material: One male (holotype) and one female (paratype).
Southern France, Spain and Morocco (Karaman, 1979; Type locality: groundwater of a tributary of the Rio Tajo,
Karaman and Pesce, 1980; Platvoet, 1987). The family is along the road from Puerto to Peralveche, Guadalajara
particularly diversified in Southern France and in Spain. Prov. Karaman-Chappuis sampling at 20 cm depth, 50 litres
In this paper, the description of a new species of Sal- water filtered. Preservation in alcohol 70%. A. Camacho and
entinella is presented together with remarks on Salentinella A.G. Valdecasas coll. (12-4-1984).
prognatha and S. petiti. Additional characters of Parasalen- Description
Description of the male (holotype)
* Corresponding author; Tel. +33-68 88 73 27;
FAX. +33-68 88 16 99.
Body length: 1.7 mm. Spermatozoids in the seminal
E-mail: [email protected] vesicle. Lateral cephalic lobes long and sharp.
1148 M. Messouli et al.

Fig. 1. Salentinella anae nov. sp., male. A, detail of the maxilliped inner lobe; B, maxilliped outer lobe; C, antenna 1; D, antenna 2; E, left
mandible. A, B: scale 3; C, D: scale 1; E: scale 2.

Antenna 1 (Fig. 1, C). First and second peduncular seg- and two distal spines. Flagellum 4-segmented, slightly
ments with one distal spine. Flagellum 4-segmented, pro- longer than half peduncular segment 5.
vided with nine aesthetascs, first segment longer than sec- Mouthparts without special features.
ond, third and fourth together. Accessory flagellum slightly Mandibles (Fig. 1, E). Incisor armed with five teeth. Left
longer than half of primary flagellum segment. lacinia with four teeth. Spine row with one proximal strong
Antenna 2 (Fig. 1, D) as long as the first antenna. Gland comb-shaped tooth (lacking on right mandible), three
cone hardly reaching one-third of the fourth segment, the shorter setae (versus two on right mandible), and one pal-
latter with two lateral spines at one-third and second-third, mate seta. Molar with a triturating surface, without molar
 Revision, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Groundwater Amphipods Salentinellidae 1149

Fig. 2. Salentinella anae nov. sp. A, male gnathopod 1; B, female gnathopod 2; C, male gnathopod 2; D, male coxal plate 4; E, male pereio-
pod 3; F, male pereiopod 5; G, detail of the dactylus of pereiopod 5 (male); H, male pereiopod 6; I, male pereiopod 7. A, B, C: scale 1; D–I:
scale 4: 0.3 mm=0.75 of bar 1 length.
1150 M. Messouli et al.

Fig. 3. Salentinella anae nov. sp., male. A, distal part of uropod 2; B, uropod 2; C, uropod 1; D, female telson; E, male telson; F, pleopod 1;
G, uropod 3. A: scale 3; B–E, G: scale 5; F: scale 1
 Revision, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Groundwater Amphipods Salentinellidae 1151

seta on left mandible (versus well-developped molar seta on thopods 2 (Fig. 2, B) more slender: a sexual dimorphism is
right appendage). First and distal articles of palp sub-equal displayed on carpus which is longer than propodus; propo-
in length, ca 1/3 as long as the second. Six strong setae get- dus longer than in male, with series of setae on ventral mar-
ting longer up to apex on inner margin of the second article. gin near palmar margin. Telson cleft up to half its length
Last article with eight setae: two E-setae, three D-setae, one (Fig. 3, D).
A-seta and two B-setae. Etymology. The species Salentinella anae is named after
Maxilla 1 and maxilla 2 without special characteristics. Ana I. Camacho who kindly sent us the material she col-
Maxilliped (Fig. 1, A) similar to that of known species. Inner lected in cooperation with A. G. Valdecassas.
lobe with three lanceolate teeth. Distal part of outer lobe
armed with three strong simple lanceolate teeth, one subdis-
DISCUSSION
tal serrate tooth and one strong plumose subdistal seta.
Gnathopods 1 (Fig. 2, A). Coxal plate small, subtriangular, Salentinella anae nov. sp. is easily distinguished from
ventral margin subpointed anteriorly and provided with one the other congeneric species in having distal spines on the
long seta. Basis expanded, merus with three strong setae peduncle of the antennae 1 and 2 (versus no spine on
anteriorly. Propodus without special features. Palmar margin peduncle in other known species) and in the lack of retinac-
armed with long spines (Fig. 2, A), without bifid (bifurcate) ulae on pleopod peduncles. This latter apomorphic charac-
teeth. Gnathopods 1 are of weakly pre-amplexing type, as ter is also observed in Parasalentinella rouchi. The small
well as gnathopods 2. and pointed coxal plate 1 is characteristic of S. anae. The
Gnathopods 2 (Fig. 2, C) longer than gnathopod 1. Coxal gnathopod 2 is more slender than in other species and the
plate small. Basis provided with three long setae on poste- propodus chaetotaxy is similar to those of S. major and S.
rior margin. Carpus as long as propodus. Propodus without ruffoi. The telson, which displays a slight dimorphism, is very
setae on ventral margin, setae only on palmar margin. short and wider than long; compared to all other species of
Pereiopods 3 and 4 (Fig. 2, E and D) are similar to each the genus, it characterises also the new species.
other except the coxal plate which is high in P3, with two Both the observation of a number of species of the
setae, and shorter in P4. genus Salentinella from Spain, France, Italy, Greece,
Pereiopods 5-7 (Fig. 2, F–I). Coxal plate 5 with the longest Morocco, and published data show that some of the previ-
coxal gill. P6 and P7 without special features. ous descriptions are only summary diagnoses concerning
Pleopods (Fig. 3, F). Peduncle strong, without retinaculae. some parts of the species; data are often compared to Sal-
Pleopods are all similar, with the same number of segments: entinella angelieri (Baschieri Salvadori, 1952; Platvoet,
inner ramus 3-segmented, outer ramus 4-segmented, the 1987; Ruffo, 1953). Traits of uropods 3 and telson have
two first segments of each ramus being the longest and of often been used to establish subspecies (Baschieri Salva-
same length. dori, 1952; Ruffo, 1953) which have been later criticized
Urosoma smooth, without spine on dorsal part of third seg- (Karaman, 1979). Characters do exist which have not
ment. retained the attention of authors. Stable characters con-
Uropods 1 (Fig. 3, C). Pre-peduncle ventral part of the body firmed within the family are presented hereafter in addition
with one ecdysial spine. Basis with three strong distal to the diagnosis of the family Salentinellidae. An exhaustive
spines. Outer ramus slightly shorter than inner ramus, both list of characters will be presented in the second part of this
armed with five distal spines. work.
Uropods 2 (Fig. 3, A and B). Basis strong, shorter than both New observations of specimens of Salentinella petiti
rami, with two distal spines. Outer and inner rami curved from the type locality, and of topotype specimens of S. prog-
and pointed at the end, provided with five subdistal spines. natha (Fig. 4) allow to refute the validity of the species S.
Uropods 3 (Fig. 3, G). Proximal part of outer ramus wide, prognatha. Any discriminative characters between the two
with three spines on lateral margin; second article short, dis- species have not been shown: therefore S. prognatha is the
tally obtuse, with a subdistal plumose seta and a tiny spine. junior synonym of S. petiti. The prognathism observed by
Inner ramus relatively short (ca 40 % of outer ramus length), Barbé (1963) due to the long part of the head between the
provided with one seta on lateral margin and one subdistal basis of the two antennae can be, in fact, applied to all spe-
plumose seta. cies of Salentinella and Parasalentinella: the lateral cephalic
Telson clearly wider than long, cleft up to slightly more than lobes are long, pronounced and acute, so that the implanta-
half its length. Dorsal plumose setae located close to the tion of antennae 2 seems more ventral (see Coineau, 1968,
distal part (Fig. 3, E). Fig. 22A). S. petiti has a tendency to have elongate append-
ages and chaetotaxy reduction. Only this species displays
Description of the female (allotype) the dactylus of pereiopod 5 as long as or longer than the
Adult length: 2.1 mm. The female is longer than the male. It propodus, as compared to all other species. Furthermore, S.
does not develop oostegites. petiti resembles S. meijersae (Platvoet, 1984) with the elon-
The female differs from the male in the following respects: gate third urosomite, but it differs from the latter in the
flagellum segments of antenna 1 with six aesthetascs; gna- absence of the pre-telsonic two spines on urosomite 3 which
1152 M. Messouli et al.

Fig. 4. Habitus of Salentinella petiti from Caujolle cave, 1.2 mm in length (leg. C. Bou).

Fig. 5. Parasalentinella rouchi from the Lachein river. A, pereiopod 5; B, pereiopod 5, detail of the distal part of the basis and ischium; C,
coxal plates 1 to 4; D, pereiopod 7; E, distal part of propodus and dactylus of pereiopod 7; F, distal part of pereiopod 4; G, third urosomite with
telson (t), uropod 3 (u) and prolonged lateral plate-like (l p) typical of Parasalentinella. A, D: scale 1; B, C, E, F: scale 2; G: scale 5.
 Revision, Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Groundwater Amphipods Salentinellidae 1153

are present in most of the species of the genus Salentinella.

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