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2018-2019
The Geostationary Orbit (chapter 3)
results in
H.W (5)
Prove that the value of (aGSO) equal
42164 km?
The Geostationary Orbit
The equatorial radius of the earth, to the nearest
kilometer, is
For example,
if a latitude of 40°S is specified,
this will be taken as -40°,
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if a longitude of 35°W is specified,
this will be taken as -35°.
Look Angle Definition
The average radius of the earth will be used denoting this by R:
σ : Angle to be determined.
Angle B is the angle between the plane
containing c and the plane containing a.
Look Angle-spherical triangle
There are two types of
triangles involved in the
geometry of Fig. 3.1, the
spherical triangle shown
in heavy outline in Fig.
3.2a and the plane
triangle of Fig. 3.2b.
Look Angle-spherical triangle
To summarize to this
point, the information
known about the
spherical triangle is
Look Angle-spherical triangle
In Fig. 3.3b,
angle A is acute, and the azimuth is, by
inspection, Az = 360°-A.
Azimuth Angle (Az)
Az =Ac - 180° -A
3.1. Explain what is meant by the geostationary orbit. How do the geostationary orbit and a geosynchronous orbit
differ?
3.2. (a) Explain why there is only one geostationary orbit. (b) Show that the range d from an earth station to a
geostationary satellite is given by
where R is the earth’s radius (assumed spherical), h is the height of the geostationary orbit above the equator,
and El is the elevation angle of the earth station antenna.
3.3. Determine the latitude and longitude of the farthest north earth station which can link with any given
geostationary satellite. The longitude should be given relative to the satellite longitude, and a minimum elevation
angle of 5°
should be assumed for the earth station antenna. A spherical earth of mean radius 6371 km may be assumed.
3.4. An earth station at latitude 30°S is in communication with an earth station on the same longitude at 30°N,
through a geostationary satellite. The satellite longitude is 20° east of the earth stations. Calculate the antenna-
look angles for each earth station and the round-trip time, assuming this consists of propagation delay only.
3.5. Determine the maximum possible longitudinal separation which can exist between a geostationary satellite
and an earth station while maintaining line of-sight communications, assuming the minimum angle of elevation of
the earth
station antenna is 5°. State also the latitude of the earth station.
3.6. An earth station is located at latitude 35°N and longitude 100°W. Calculate the antenna-look angles for a
satellite at 67°W.
3.7. An earth station is located at latitude 12°S and longitude 52°W. Calculate the antenna-look angles for a
satellite at 70°W.
3.8. An earth station is located at latitude 35°N and longitude 65°E. Calculate the antenna-look angles for a
satellite at 19°E.
3.9. An earth station is located at latitude 30°S and longitude 130°E. Calculate the antenna-look angles for a
satellite at 156°E.
3.10. Calculate for your home location the look angles required to receive from the satellite (a) immediately east
and (b) immediately west of your longitude.
Elective Homework
Design and Implementation of Orthogonal
Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Transmitter and Receiver using MATLAB
Program.
Deadline is 1/12/2018