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M.
Aser Cheema 7 blue

18 nov 2024
1.The UMAYYADS were one of the clans who were in opposition of the
last Holy Rasool HAzrat Muhammad
(PBUH) but accepted Islam before he passed away.
2. UQBA IBN NAFI ,one of Amir Muawiyah’s famous commanders, was

appointed for the conquest of North
Africa.
3. In 711 CE , Tariq ibn ziyad crossed the strait of Gibraltar from northern
Africa with an army of 7000
Soldiers.
4.In 712, an Arab general, Muhammad Bin Qasim conquered Sindh at the
age of: 17 YEARS OLD.
5. JABIR IBN HAYYAN was a Muslim chemist, known as father of Arabic

Chemistry.
Q2: “You people who saw Alp Arslan’s glory reaching up to the skies, you
should come to the city of Marw in order to
see him buried under the ground.” These lines are written on the grave
stone of Alp Arslan, ruler of Seljuks. How
would you interpret the meaning of the lines written on his grave? [2]
Ans:
The lines on Alp Arslan’s grave remind us that no matter how powerful or
famous someone is in life, everyone faces the same end in death. Alp
Arslan was a great ruler with many achievements, but after his death, he
was buried like any other person. These words teach us to be humble and
remember that worldly success doesn’t last forever.
Q3: Look at the source and answer the questions given below.
1. What was the name of the city and where was it located?
Baghdad was the city and was located around the banks of tigris river and
present day Iraq.
2. Why was this city significant during the rule of Abbasids?
Baghdad became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate in 762 CE, making it
the political center of the Islamic world.
It was home to the House of Wisdom, where scholars advanced
knowledge in science, math, medicine, and philosophy.
Its location on the Tigris River made it a key trade hub between the East
and West.
The city was a major center for Islamic culture, law, and intellectual
developments during the Islamic Golden Age.
Q4: Why did the Governor advise Muhammad bin Qasim to face the enemy
in an open area?
● It allowed for better movement and the use of cavalry.

● The Muslim army could use their strategies effectively without
obstacles.
● It gave them control over the battlefield and made it harder for the
enemy to trap them.
Q5: What made most of the Muslim scholars and inventors a

polymath?
Most Muslim scholars and inventors were considered polymaths because

they were knowledgeable in many fields. They made important
contributions to science, mathematics, medicine, philosophy, and literature,
often combining knowledge from different areas to make significant
discoveries and advancements.
Q: Why was Al- Khawarzmi known as father of Algebra?

Al-Khwarizmi is known as the "father of algebra" because he wrote a key
book in the 9th century called "Al-Kitab al-Mukhtasar fi Hisab al-Jabr
wal-Muqabala". In this book, he introduced systematic methods for solving
linear and quadratic equations, which laid the foundation for the
development of algebra
Q4: How did Ummayad Dynasty come to an end?
The Umayyad Dynasty ended in 750 CE because of several reasons. Many

groups, including the Abbasids, Shia Muslims, and non-Arab Muslims, were
unhappy with Umayyad rule due to favoritism and discrimination. The
Abbasid family, claiming descent from the Prophet’s uncle, led a revolt,
gaining support from those who felt excluded. The Abbasids defeated the
Umayyad army at the Battle of the Zab, and most Umayyad leaders were
killed. The Umayyads also faced criticism for their lavish lifestyles and
mismanagement. After their defeat, one Umayyad ruler, Abd al-Rahman I,
escaped to Spain and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Cordoba.
Q: Evaluate the effectiveness of the Fatimid administrative division in

maintaining control over their territories. How would you consider it
successful?
The Fatimid administrative division was effective in maintaining control

because it balanced central authority with local autonomy. They had a
strong central government in Cairo, but allowed local leaders to govern
regions, ensuring stability. Their well-organized bureaucracy helped
manage finances, military, and justice effectively. The Fatimids also gained
loyalty through their religious legitimacy as Ismaili Shia Muslims, and their
control over key trade routes boosted their economy. Additionally, a strong
military presence ensured quick responses to threats. This system helped
them govern a large and diverse empire for many year.

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M.

Aser Cheema 7 blue

2. UQBA IBN NAFI ,one of Amir Muawiyah’s famous commanders, was

5. JABIR IBN HAYYAN was a Muslim chemist, known as father of Arabic

2. Why was this city significant during the rule of Abbasids?

● It allowed for better movement and the use of cavalry.

Q5: What made most of the Muslim scholars and inventors a

Most Muslim scholars and inventors were considered polymaths because

Q: Why was Al- Khawarzmi known as father of Algebra?

Q4: How did Ummayad Dynasty come to an end?

The Umayyad Dynasty ended in 750 CE because of several reasons. Many

Q: Evaluate the effectiveness of the Fatimid administrative division in

The Fatimid administrative division was effective in maintaining control

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