7

English
Modules
Quarter 2 – Weeks 5-8
7
English
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Summarizing Key Information
English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Summarizing Key Information
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jaquilyn T. Belagan

Editor: Gizelle V. Laud

Reviewer: Sherly T. Reyes

Layout Artist: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

As you go through this module, you are expected to:

1. Use varied techniques in summarizing information;
2. Summarize key information from a text; and
3. Identify the correct summarized version of an information.

What I Know

Let’s check first how you fare well in terms of understanding the key points of each text.
Read each selection in the box and then choose which sentence gives a better summary
of the key points. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. If there is one good opportunity to truly experience a bit of the past, take a field day
and try setting your foot on the timeworn cobblestone pavements of Calle Crisologo and
transporting yourself to the sixteenth century colonial setting or you can take the horse-
drawn calesa and actually ride like a hometown folk on his way to work. The place is
comfortably quiet highlighted only by the clip-clop on the pavement while passing idly
along two-storey houses built with wood and brick and sliding windows which are made
of capiz shells. For once,be lost in the pale shadows of houses that stood firmly, yet
seemingly echoing a superficial creaking from the sides to defy the assault of a warm air.
(Vigan, Ilocos Sur)

A. The sixteenth century colonial setting of the Calle Crisologo and the reign of
serenity while passing along the street is one great encounter while one watches
the two-storey houses in spite of the warm weather.
B. The horse-drawn calesa and two-storey houses with sliding windows made of
capiz shells in a cobblestone pavement of Calle Crisologo makes one experience
the feel of being in the past.

2. Vigan, Ilocos Sur is one interesting place to visit for its historical relevance. Most of
the city’s longstanding structures were preserved for the present and hopefully, for the
future. These establishments and houses have a touch of Hispanic designs that was an
evidence of the presence of Spanish occupation and one of its conquistadors named as
Juan de Salcedo and other nationalities that came to the country and landed on this
region in the north. An integration of different architectural designs reveals a resurgence
of the melding different races.

A. The combination of different architectural designs of the establishments and

houses in Vigan is a proof of Spanish influence and other nationalities which
resulted in a blend of different races and in spite of this, other common culture
we share, Ilocanos have their own.
B. The different structures of the buildings and other establishments were dated
back to the time when Juan de Salcedo arrived at the place and after the
Spaniards came also other nationalities.

3. The Ilocanos reflect the Filipino value of respect. They address their older and younger
siblings with appropriate titles like manong to a brother and manang to a sister, while the
younger one is called ading. Other titles include nanang to a mother, tatang to a father,
ikit or tia to an aunt and uliteg or tio to an uncle. In courtship and marriage, the boy and
girl seek the approval of both parents which meant that during courtship, both will have
to let each meet his or her parents. Respect is also reflected in the Ilocanos’ way of
thinking. They believe that action speaks louder than words- something they hold on to
because they value it as a mark of high self-esteem. Likewise, whatever one does, it will
go back to him or her as a consequence.

1
 A. Ilocanos show respect in the way they address relatives or members of the family,
in seeking marriage and in their thoughts and action.
B. Ilocanos address their brothers and sisters as well as their parents with
appropriate titles, like manong, manang, ading , nanang, tatang, ikit and uliteg.

4. Likewise, the Ilocanos are known to be frugal. Take for example, when buying, they
wanted to buy much with lesser expenses. The bargaining exchange at the market place
is common. This is not supposed to be taken for lack of generosity. The Ilocanos have
good reason to be tightfisted. Like the story of the ant and the grasshopper, they save for
more important things like building a house and sending their children to school because
they believe that education provides them an opportunity for a better future.
A. Ilocanos are not generous because they love to buy things with lesser expenses.
B. Ilocanos are tightfisted because they want to save money for more important
things like building a house and pursuing education.

5. Our present leaders have once been like us and they were molded to be truthful. This
is the groundwork of their school day life that should survive along with them since
education is eternal as it is not restricted to the four walls of the classroom. There could
be a countless lessons by virtue of experiences, mostly bad, that they encounter and which
means that they are not immune to these imperfections in life. But an honored servant
who humbles himself or herself by admitting his weakness and showing willingness to see
how things should be done.
A. Our present leaders are bound to commit mistakes but those who are willing to
correct their mistakes are worthy of honor.
B. Our present leaders have once been like us and they were molded to be truthful
and that they learned this when they were still in school.

Lesson
5 Summarizing Key Information
Reading is associated with understanding. You get the best from it if you do. Why you
get to read is basically to learn something and communicate or transfer it to others.
Since you are going to deal with varied sources in this quarter, summarizing an
information is more than just getting the content. You may be asked to talk about an
interesting topic where you need to get additional ideas from other articles or you may
need to apply these in your work.

What’s In

Your task here is to review or recall what you have learned in the previous lesson where
you were engaged in a task to look for an information from different sources that would
support a topic that you want to talk about. Please use a separate sheet for this.
************************************************************************************************
Write two to three words that come into your mind when you hear the word/s inside the
box. You may write your answers below the word.
Outline
Main Idea

2
 What’s New

Read the story from your previous lesson and using a separate sheet, follow the diagram
below in presenting your answers to each question. Then rewrite in paragraph form. Use a
separate sheet for this.

When and where What problem What is the highest What What is the
did the story did the main point in the happened ending of the
happen? Who character development of the after story?
are the main encounter? story where you want this?
characters? to find out the
outcome of this
conflict?

What is It

Summarizing is drawing out the important events or details of a narrative or the main
points of other forms of discourse in written format like articles of persuasion or
exposition and even the oral type of delivery, both of which you state in your own words.
This is very helpful not only in checking your understanding of the information that you
have read or listened to but also in getting the meat of a long text or speech.

There are devices that you could use to practice your skills in getting the main points
that you need when you do summarizing. Here are some of them:

1. Taking down notes: This could be useful specially in listening to or watching a

speech or report and reading informative texts. When you take down notes, you
only write the key words or important ideas as they are presented.

Ex. If the article gives a description of a concept, like symbiosis- defined by

Merriam-Webster Dictionary as living together in more or less intimate
association or close union of two or more dissimilar organisms), get the
necessary words like living together, two or more different organisms, close union
or association. You arrive at a basic point that symbiosis refers to two or more
different organisms that interact together.

2. Making an outline: when you are reading a narrative like stories or other
informative types of text, this technique is handy. You might have encountered
your teachers asking you to summarize the story in five to ten sentences and it is
like asking you to give the important events. Since you learned the different
elements of the plot, then you could probably use that as your guide. On the other
hand, if you are doing an outline for let’s say an informative text, you will have to
extract the main ideas and the details that support them.

3
 Makati City is located at the southern part of Metro Manila. It is known as one of the
country’s leading financial centers. The high-rise buildings that are visible from a
distance are among the business establishments that include residential areas, malls
and entertainment centers. It also is a home for institutions such as schools, hospitals,
telecommunications and other agencies that provide services to the residents and
workers named as Makatizens. Like other localities, the city is alive with community
events. It holds a festival known as Caracol and celebrations like the Flores de Mayo
and Likhang Kamay Exhibits that showcase the works of various artists.

An outline may be done using sentence, clause, phrase or word descriptions. Here’s an
example of an outline of information about Makati City.

I. Services II. Events

A. Residentials A. Caracol
B. Commercials B. Likhang Kamay
C. Telecommunications C. Flores de Mayo
D. schools
E. hospitals
F. agencies

Second, it’s easy for you to see the relationship or connections between these ideas. You
only have to know that each type has particular use. For example, if the text is giving a
comparison between paraphrasing and summarizing, the Venn Diagram is an
appropriate for this. A time line is also fit for stories, biographies or autobiographies or
historical accounts.

Antonio, a young He started Antonio The old Antonio

boy from a village experiencing tried to woman decided to
asked for a magic things like seeing return the agreed and tell the
box from an old his friend and magic box brought back truth to his
woman in the parents in different to the old his home and parents and
woods. accidents. woman. his parents. teachers.

_______ₒ_____________ₒ_______________ₒ____________ₒ____________ₒ_____
1 2 3 4 5

3. Formulating question guides: Questions that your teacher provides are guides for
you to understand the point of the lesson. But as an independent reader, listener
or viewer, you can also formulate your own questions.
Many people may have certain knowledge about global warming as a natural
phenomenon not taking into greater account that it is the effect of human activities.
Pollution is the number one cause of global warming. Smoke belching cars can pollute
the air. Too much use of perfumes, hair sprays, air fresheners and air sprays can
damage the ozone layer due to chlorofluorocarbon content. Kaingin system does not
only destroy trees that take carbon dioxide but gives off smoke and harmful gases.
Imagine the world that is filled with foul garbage, black smoke, unhealthy gases,
dangerous factory waste, incurable sickness and untimely disaster.

A. If you are reading a process information, you would probably start with the
question: What are the steps?
B. If it’s an information about cause and effect, then you use the two key words
(cause, effect) to formulate your question.
Note that the article talks about the cause of global warming or the effect of human
activities. You will set the question: What cause global warming according to this
information?

*When summarizing, you go through any of these and perhaps other ways that would
allow you to be able to get the important information that you need.

4
 What’s More

Task. Read the article and then answer the questions that follow. Choose the letter that
corresponds to the correct answer:

ACTIVITY 1

The City and Province

I met a woman who has active lifestyle. She is on the go, from morning until night. She
loves the city lights, the busy road, the tall buildings. She goes to different places such as
restaurants, bars and movie houses with her car or through different public
transportation. She learned to deal with the stressful effect of heavy road congestion,
pollution, and warm weather.
Her husband prefers a more peaceful environment though. He enjoys the fresh air
coming from the farm, eat fresh fruits and vegetable from their garden. Like the city, he
had to work hard to feed himself, though he spends less money on things. There are
televisions and radios that bring news and entertainment at the end of the day. Both have
the opportunity to take part in community events like a feast or local celebration.

1. If you were to use a graphic organizer, what would best fit this article?
A. Time line B. Venn Diagram
2. Which sentence summarizes better the article?
A. The city has congested roads and buildings while the province has fresh air.
B. While both work and take part in community events, the wife prefers living in
the busy city while the husband loves the fresh peaceful life in the province.

ASSESSMENT 1

Metamorphosis
The butterfly’s life cycle include all four stages: egg, larva, pupa and adult. In the first
stage, the butterfly starts life as a very small , round oval or cylindrical egg which are
usually laid on the leaves of a plant. In the second stage, the egg hatches to produce larvae
known as caterpillars. A caterpillar eats the leaves where it is born into. The next stage is
when the caterpillar have grown to its full length and weight and it forms in itself into a
pupa. Inside, the caterpillar is rapidly changing. The final stage is when the butterfly
finally emerge from the pupa or chrysalis. As soon as the butterfly has rested, it will pump
blood into the wings in order to get them working and flapping.
(Source: www.learnaboutnature.com)

1. Which sentence is a better summary of the article?

A. The life cycle of a butterfly starts with an egg which becomes a caterpillar that
eats the leaves while it grows inside a pupa until it is ready to come out as a
butterfly in the final stage.
B. The life cycle of a butterfly includes four stages which is egg, larva, pupa and
adult which is the butterfly once it flaps its wings.

Prose
A prose is a form of writing or literature presented in plain language. A prose may be
classified as fiction or non-fiction. Fiction is a kind of reading material that describes
events and people that are product of the imagination or creative writing. Examples of this
are short stories including tales and legends. Novels are longer than short stories.
Non-fiction, on the other hand presents facts about people and events that
happened. It is written in narrative form like history or biography, in the form of exposition
whose objective is to give information, to explain and to describe certain topics and in the
form of either persuasion or argumentation which is meant to express well-supported
views, stand or opinion regarding certain issues.

5
 ACTIVITY 2
1. On a piece of paper, make an outline for the article, “Prose”.
2. Which sentence is a better example of a summary of the article?
A. Tales and novels are examples of fiction because they are product of the
imagination but biographies and other materials that inform and persuade
are non-fiction because they present facts or events in real life.
B. A prose is a form of writing written in plain language and it has two
classifications known as fiction and non-fiction where fiction is a product of
imagination while non-fiction presents facts.

ASSESSMENT 2

Though PAGASA officially declared it sometime in June of this year, 2019, as the onset of
the rainy season, the regular rains, monsoon rains, and typhoons weren’t as much as
expected, not until mid-July. Besides, the warm weather that lingered during these couple
of months, the most significant effect was the lowering of the water level in the rivers ,
lakes and other sources . This would surely be a reason to be concerned by the people
including those in the cities. Residents in some parts of Metro Manila, for example, had
to deal with intermittent water supply interruption.

1. Which sentence is a better example of a summary of the article?

A. Some people will experience water supply interruption as a result of low water
levels from different sources because rains aren’t expected till mid-July.
B. PAG-ASA said that even if it was declared in June the rains and typhoons
would start in July and that the warm weather continues to linger in the
couple of months.
2. Which of the techniques do you need in order to draw out the key information of
this article?
A. Process B. Cause and Effect

Summarize each article by drawing out the important information. A Question is

provided to help you in the first task.
INDEPENDENT TASK 1

Walking remains a free commodity nowadays. The changes brought about by technology
have restricted the body’s mobility. Physical activities were only limited to sports where
some are not inclined to. Walking can be done by anyone. While one spends time and
money to do a gym work, walking can be done before, during and after work without so
much of a hassle in one’s daily work. One is in control for he doesn’t have to beat the rush
hours caused by car congestion on the road, nor mechanical errors that delays his
schedule.

What is the paragraph all about?

ASSESSMENT 1

We can choose to take this simple exercise as well to relieve us from the pressures
brought about by the demands of work and study. Often times, people take a break and
go to places to unwind. Basically, walking remains a part of these experiences as one
creates a bond with nature. One may have the chance to listen to the songs of birds, the
sound of the rushing river and the hush of the breeze. This relaxes the mind.
What is the paragraph all about?

INDEPENDENT TASK 2

We make mistakes for a lot of reasons. This could be due to our lack of knowledge, short
range perception or prescience over predictable events, inability to cope with stressful
situation, obstinacy, and even our tendency to be tempted can destroy us. We

6
 know as adults how dangerous it is to drive when you are drunk or sleepy but we discover
in the daily news how accidents happen because of these. There were news about crimes
committed out of anger and depression.

ASSESSMENT 2

We are humans indeed and that there is always room for mistakes. Cheating, stealing,
abuse of power, and other offenses are wrongdoings. Denying them is another. But if we
give ourselves the chance to grow and feel true peace and happiness in us, then we can
set things straight. Thinking positive is an antidote to our wounded self-esteem that could
truly work within to transform us into better person.

What I Have Learned

On a separate paper, write important points you need to remember when you summarize
key information from a text.

Summarizing
Key
Information

What I Can Do

Look for a an article from any source that interests you (science, music, news, and others)
and practice summarizing the information. Try summarizing each paragraph (2-3
paragraphs will do).

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read each article and then select the letter of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
The shortage of water caused by the El Niño phenomenon has worsened due to
irresponsible human activities. This mismanagement of renewable resources also had an
adverse effect on the environment. Because of the overuse of the ground water, the
agricultural produce that depends on it has diminished. Water pollution due to improper
waste disposal is threatening marine life and the existence of other plants and animals.
In some places, water has become an expensive commodity. A study made by the Asian
Development Bank shows that Manila’s poor spend as much as twenty percent of their
income on water sold by private companies at rates higher than those government-owned
utilities. (1)

7
A. Development Bank says that that the people are responsible for the water
shortage.
B. Water becomes expensive due to El Niño phenomenon, overuse of ground water
and water pollution.
Coconut
The coconut tree is called the tree of life. Almost every part of it has important use to
man’s living. It provides food and water, materials that have practical uses. The fleshy
part of the fruit is edible for food consumption while the water is known to be beneficial
for the body. Even the coconut shell are used as vessels or containers for food or liquid or
it can be made into charcoal while the husk can be made into household materials like
floor polisher, brush or mats. Others, who make them a source of living, process the shells
into charcoals. The midribs of the leaves are used to make a broomstick. The leaves are
used as house roof, wall, rice cake wrappers and baskets. It is indeed one of nature’s
blessing to every land that has bounty of this. (2)

A. The coconut tree is called the tree of life.

B. Every part of the coconut tree has different uses that include food, water,
household materials, and charcoals.

Disposing garbage and other wastes is a problem in the city and some other places. Some
people heedlessly throw their garbage or other waste materials into the creeks and other
waterways nearby. Unfortunately, these won’t just vanish into thin air. They clog the
creeks, choke the drainage and harm marine animals, plants and their habitat. People
will reap the bad effects in the end. (3)

A. Garbage disposal clogs waterways and harm animals and it is a major problem
in the city and some places.
B. Some people in the city and some places, throw garbage that clogs the water and
pollute marine animals and plants which is harmful to humans in the end.

Information campaign and clean up drive should have taught us to be more

responsible in protecting our environment. But these may not be enough since people who
are used to it, which is a habit, tend to forget or they are not easily adaptive to the change
unless the law against improper disposal is strictly enforced. Reversing this habit takes
practice and needs someone to assist or guide. Like the simple practice in the classroom,
a teacher asks the student to pick up his litters on the floor and put them where they are
supposed to be. It may take time for the student before he develops this habit of throwing
his garbage in the waste basket. (4)

A. It takes a lot of practice and guidance to fully observe the proper disposal of
wastes.
B. Students develop the habit when they follow every time a teacher asks them to
pick up their litters on the floor and put them where they are supposed to be.

Bullying happens. The most vulnerable victims are young people specially, students
who meet in school and outside and in an online setting such as the social media. They
receive verbal or physical attacks ranging from simple teasing, taunting to a more serious
or threatening acts from the bully. Each in turn would feel threatened and would respond
in different ways. But it is a traumatic experience that results to anxiety and depression.
The person then has the tendency to commit suicide. Loss of confidence is another
negative effect. The victim may begin to demonstrate lack of interest in his or her studies
or show low performance in school. Finally, when the bully gets physical, the victim may
obtain injuries . (5)

A. The victims of bullying are students who receive verbal or physical attacks from
simple teasing to a more serious acts.
B. Bullying becomes traumatic experience that can result to lack of confidence and
interest in studying, physical injury and suicidal acts.

8
7
English
Quarter 2 – Module 6
Using Analogy in Describing
or Making a Point
English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 6: Using Analogy in Describing or Making a Point
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials, e.g. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Jeremiah M. Grafia

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewer: Sherly T. Reyes

Layout Artist: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand how analogy is used in describing or making a point. This module helps you
understand how figurative analogies are used to get a point or an idea across people
you communicate with. This module allows you to better appreciate the use of similes
and metaphors in communication. This skill is important as this allows you to express
your message creatively. The scope of this module is not only to present to you what
figurative analogies are and how are these used in making a point. This gives you an
opportunity to practice this skill and to use this skill in your daily life. Knowing different
strategies to express yourself and message to others helps you to become an effective,
eloquent, and skilled communicator.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

a. Identify a figurative analogy;
b. Compare and Contrast simile and metaphor in constructing a figurative analogy;
and
c. Use a figurative analogy in making or describing a point.

What I Know

Directions: Identify what is referred to on each item in Column A. Write the letter of
your answer on the blank spaces provided.

Column A Column B

__________ 1. A figure of speech that highlights A. Figurative

the similarities between two things and B. Metaphor

which features the use of “like” or “as”? C. Analogy

__________ 2. A figure of speech that directly D. Simile

refers to one thing by mentioning another. E. Relationship

__________ 3. A statement or a phrase not intended to

be understood literally

__________ 4. A comparison between two things for the

purpose of explanation or clarification

__________ 5. Refers to the way in which two or more concepts,

objects, or people are connected

1
 What’s New

Directions: For nos. 1-3, think of an object to where you compare yourself in terms of
the activities indicated; for nos. 4-5, think of an object where you can compare the
objects indicated.
1. I run like .
2. I sound like .
3. I play like .
4. Time is .
5. Money is .

Guide Question:

● What did you consider in terms of thinking of an object to where you can compare
yourself in different activities mentioned for nos. 1-3?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

● What did you consider in terms of thinking of what objects should you choose to
be compared with the objects featured in nos. 4-5?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

● How would you describe your experience in comparing an object to an activity

you do and an object to another object? Expound.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2
 What is It

Having a skill in looking at the similarities of the objects you are comparing
allows you to use this to express a point. This skill allows you to use the language
creatively as you get your message across. Knowing different strategies to express
yourself allows you to improve both as a speaker and as a listener in terms of
communication. Let us discuss further this topic in order for us to have a better
understanding of this skill.

You learned from Quarter 1, Module 1 about analogy which refers to a

comparison between two things for the purpose of explanation or clarification. The
lesson in that module focused on different types of analogy. Even if that module only
discussed analogy, there are still many things that we can learn from making an analogy
and one of which has something to do with figurative analogy. In this type of analogy,
there is a comparison about two things that are not similar but share only some common
property. This is different with literal analogy wherein two things that are similar are
being compared. Metaphors and similes are used in constructing a figurative analogy.
Figurative analogies become weak if the disanalogies of the entities being compared are
relevant—in the same way that literal analogies become weak. In order to better
understand this, looking at the following examples:

Analogies Point/Explanation
“Life is like a box of Forrest Gump is a 1994 American historical comedy-
chocolates; you never drama film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by
know what you’re going to Eric Roth. In this analogy, life and a box of chocolates
get.” (Forrest Gump) are not relevant. As a result, this strengthens the
figurative analogy. People who would hear this would
ask themselves, why then is life similar to a box of
chocolates?

What may help us to understand this one is through

looking at a box of chocolates. A box of chocolates is
filled with assorted chocolates or chocolates that are
different with one another—some may be too sweet,
bittersweet chocolate, etc. This means that at one point
of time in our life, things may be too sweet (favorable).
However, immediately after a time that is favorable to
us, this may be followed with something bitter like. The
point expressed here is that life is unpredictable, i.e. one
would not know what will come in our respective lives.
It is a jungle out there. Literally speaking, outside may refer to a park or a
public road. However, one would not be able to have a
full grasp of the meaning of this analogy if one would
look at this one literally. In order to understand the
point expressed here, one needs to look at the
characteristics of a jungle. What is a jungle? A jungle
refers to an area of land overgrown with dense forest and
tangled vegetation. In a jungle, it may be dangerous for

3
 us to be there alone since there are wild animals that
are scattered around. The idea of wild animals gives a
warning to one person to be careful. The variation of
animals may refer to the different kinds of people we
may encounter in real life.
Comparing Christians to Potatoes absorb the flavor of whatever they are cooked
potatoes in a stew with. In similar manner, Christians are surrounded with
different kinds of sin in the world.
One morning you wake What if one would ask another about how one company
up your children with a performs and the other answered this one? What does
highly verbal and that person may actually mean then? Looking at this
forthright demeanor. The one, this has something to do with being consistent. If
very next morning, they business brands function in a dependable way and
experience you being interact with customers in a consistent manner, they are
uncommunicative and then best positioned to align with their stakeholders.
reserved. The following The point highlighted in this answer is that being
morning, you’re consistent is important in dealing with customers or
talkative, but what you clients for a business to grow and prosper.
were talking about what
nonsense. After this, you
are telling jokes and
sarcastic remarks.

Looking at the list of analogies above with its points explained, why do you
think then that it is important for us to learn how to use analogies in making or
describing a point? This is important for us both as speakers and listeners. As a speaker,
we become creative and effective in terms of expressing our message. There are times
that in making a point, analogies allow us to have our message remarkable. There are
times even that this is used to express extremities of feelings, e.g. love, hatred, sadness,
etc. As a listener, on the other hand, this allows us to become skilled in discerning real
messages shared to us by the people we communicate with.

How can we write a good analogy?

1. Look for common, easily understood objects.

2. Thin about the similarities and differences between your objects.
3. Describe or make a point why you compare the two objects.

The reason why people make a good use of analogies in making or describing a
point is that what may be stated or said directly may not be as remarkable as one that
is stated creatively, i.e. the use of figurative analogy. Hence, this skill would really be
helpful to you to become an effective communicator. Furthermore, this allows you to
become more sensitive with the language, e.g. you can avoid situations where you may
offend other people through your words.

4
 What’s More

Activity No. 1
Directions: For each item, Use the two objects on the second column to construct a
figurative analogy which you would place on the third column. Write your point and
explanation on the fourth column. You may refer to the sample provided for your
guidance.
Objects Compared Figurative Analogy Point & Explanation
Life, Candle Life is limited like a One does not live forever. Hence,
candle. one needs to value the time that
one lives in this world.
1 Heart, Stone
2 Love, Chocolate
3 Person, Cellphone
4 Friend, Mamon
5 Mother, Speaker

Activity No. 2
Directions: For the third column, think of an object to where you would like to
compare the objects listed on the second column. Write your figurative analogy on the
fourth column and the point or explanation on the fifth column.
First Object Second Object Figurative Analogy Point & Explanation
1 Life

2 Friends

3 Family

4 School

5 Teachers

5
 What I Have Learned

At this point of time, you have learned how to use analogy in expressing or describing a
point. If you were to compare the role of analogy in communication, what figurative
analogies would you have? Use the table below for your answers. Look at the following
example provided as your guide.
Figurative Analogy Point & Explanation
Expressing a point through analogy is The use of megaphone amplifies our
like using a megaphone message which is similar to the use of
an analogy in expressing our point, i.e.
a point expressed through an analogy
is emphasized.
1
2
3

6
 What I Can Do

Directions: You are a representative of your batch in your school’s student

government. You would sit in a meeting with your school administrators wherein you
would have the chance to speak in behalf of your fellow students to describe the
experience of students like you in the New Normal. Through the use of analogies in
making a point, how would you describe your experience in the New Normal in
consideration with the experience of your fellow students to school administrators so
they would have an idea about what you and your fellow students are experiencing?

Figurative Analogy Point & Explanation

7
 Assessment

Directions: Encircle the letter of the best answer for each item.
1. This is a figure of speech that you use when you would like to express that
something is like something else.
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. personification
d. hyperbole

2. This is a figure of speech that you use when you would like to express that
something is something else.
a. simile
b. metaphor
c. personification
d. hyperbole

3. Which of the following is true about figurative analogy?

a. a comparison about two things that are similar but share only some
common property
b. a comparison about two things that are not similar and do not share a
common property
c. a comparison about two things that are similar but do not share a common
property
d. a comparison about two things that are not similar but share only some
common property

4. Which of the following is true about when can figurative analogies become strong?
a. Figurative analogies are strong when entities compared are not relevant.
b. Figurative analogies are not strong when entities compared are not
relevant.
c. Figurative analogies are weak when entities compared are not relevant.
d. Figurative analogies are not weak when entities compared are relevant.

5. What are the two figures of speech used in constructing figurative analogies?
a. simile and personification
b. simile and metaphor
c. metaphor and personification
d. metaphor and hyperbole

8
7
English
Quarter 2 – Module 7
Transcoding Information
English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 7: Transcoding Information
Second Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Anna Erikka S. Anir, Lara Charrise R. Calumbano, Shan Ivy Apple
R. Serenilla, and Caren Kaye A. Tumanguil

Editor: Eden F. Samadan

Reviewer: Sherly T. Reyes

Layout Artist: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
transcoding information from linear to non-linear texts and vice-versa. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the two types of texts: linear and non linear
2. Transcode information from linear to non-linear texts and vice-versa
3. Interpret information from linear and non-linear texts presented

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What is the text type that traditionally needs to be read from beginning to the end?
A. linear text B. short text C. common text D. non-linear text
2. Which text is combined with visual elements and its reading path is non-sequential?
A. linear text B. short text C. common text D. non-linear text
3. What is the representation of a data that includes symbols or legends?
A. images and captions C. drawings and paintings
B. charts and graphs D. advertisements and
4. Which of the following is an example of a linear text?
A. article B. histograms C. maps D. pie graph
5. Which of the following is an example of a non-linear text?
A. essay B. flowcharts C. letters D. poems

In your previous lesson, you have learned how to use analogy to describe or make a
point. Let us check out if you can still remember the concepts learned by answering the
guide questions given.

1. What do you mean by analogy?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is it important to you as a student?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

1
 What’s New

Identify the following text types below. Fill in the missing letters to complete the word
for each item.

1. 2. 3.

L __ N __ G __ A P __ P __ E G R __ P __ N __ W S A __ T I C __ E

2
 What is It

In learning the English language, it is important to study about the two types of texts:
linear and non-linear. Study the graphic organizer below to be knowledgeable about the
topic.

LINEAR TEXT NON-LINEAR TEXT

It is the most common type of
It is a text combined with visuals
text wherein it focuses on the
Definition elements such as pictures and
arrangement of words and
graphs.
paragraphs.
Reading Path
Reading path depends on the
(movement of Reading path depends on the
author of the text. It is
a viewer's reader. He/she may jump from
traditional reading from left to
gaze in the section to section.
right, start to end.
text)

It is mostly wordier and might It is easier to find information

Efficiency
take time to decode ideas. and/or ideas

Articles, business letters, charts, graphs, story maps, tables,

Example essays, novels, news reports, diagrams, and other graphic
poems, short stories, speech organizers

Steps on how to transcode linear text to non-linear texts and vice versa:
1. Determine the title of the text.
2. Look for the main idea or the overview of the text.
3. Include supporting details and key features if any. Exclude unnecessary words.
4. If needed, conclude by giving own view regarding the text.

Example:

Linear Text: (sample survey)

According to the survey conducted about the music preferences of grade seven students,
39% of their students listen to pop music, while 32% listen to R&B music, 11% listen
to country music, 10% listen to metal and/or rock, and 8% listen to classical music.

Non Linear Text: (Bar Graph)

Music Preference of Grade 7 Students

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Pop R&B Country Metal/Rock Classical

3
 What’s More

Activity 1: Linear to Non-Linear

Transcode the procedure on how to create a Facebook account from linear text to non-
linear text by arranging the steps below. Use the flow chart presented.

confirm your email address go to Facebook.com and click

or your mobile number Create New Account

enter your full name and enter your date of birth and
your email or mobile number gender

After providing the needed choose a strong password for

data, click Sign In you to be protected

How to Create a Facebook Account

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

4
Activity 2 Non-Linear to Linear

Transcode the information in the bar graph (non-linear text) about the enrollees of
Makati from year 2018-2020 to a short description (linear text).

Enrollees from School Year 2018-

2021
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021
Grade 7 450 445 600
Grade 8 390 425 533
Grade 9 344 405 560
Grade 10 320 410 496

Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10

Linear Text:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

5
 What I Have Learned

Use the Venn Diagram below to tell apart linear and non-linear text. Write the
differences in each portion, and write the similarities in the center.

Non-
Linear
linear
texts
texts

6
 What I Can Do

In this activity, will help you develop more understanding on linear and non-linear texts.
List down five activities that you do in a day and how much time do you spend in each.
After that, create a Pie Chart (non-linear) and a short description (linear text) from the
data you presented.

Data:

What I do in a day How many hours

1. studying lessons 3 hours
2. ___________________________ ________
3. ___________________________ ________
4. ___________________________ ________
5. ___________________________ ________

Non-Linear Text: (Pie Graph)

studying
lessons

How I Spend My Day

Linear Text (Short description)

How I Spend My Day

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

7
 Assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. Which is NOT a characteristic of a non-linear text?

A. Its reading path is non-sequential.
B. It has a combination of texts and graphs.
C. Information can be easily inferred in this type of text.
D. It focuses on the grammatical structure and stylistics.

2. What is an example of a linear text?

A. advertisement
B. map
C. speech
D. table

3. How do you define a reading path?

A. A reading path is how fast a person reads.
B. A reading path is how a person comprehends the text.
C. A reading path is when you read from beginning to the end.
D. A reading path is the viewer’s gaze that one take through a visual text.

For items 4 & 5

SANDY'S GRADES
English Mathematics Science

90

85

80

75

70

65

60
First Grading Second Grading Third Grading Fourth Grading
English 81 86 81 88
Mathematics 75 72 86 75
Science 88 81 77 79

4. What is the highest English grade that Sandy achieved in the whole grading?
A. 86 C. 75
B. 88 D. 79

5. To which subject did Sandy receive an average of 77 in the whole grading?

A. 77 C. 75
B. 81 D. 84

8
7
English
Quarter 2 – Module 8
Transcoding Information from
Linear to Non-linear Texts and
vice versa
English – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Transcoding Information from Linear to Non-Linear Texts
and vice versa
First Edition, 2021

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education-Schools Division of Makati City

OIC-Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent: Jay F. Macasieb DEM, CESE

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Lilio T. Carreon Jr.

Editor: Gizelle V. Laud

Reviewers: Gizelle V. Laud

Layout Artist: Patricia Ulynne F. Garvida

Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval

Chief Education Supervisor, Curriculum Implementation Division

Gizelle V. Laud
Education Program Supervisor, English

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City through the
support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
transcoding information from linear to non-linear texts and vice-versa. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. identify the two types of texts: linear and non-linear;
2. differentiate linear texts from non-linear texts;
3. transcode information from linear to non-linear texts and vice versa; and
4. interpret information from linear and non-linear texts presented.

What I Know

Recognizing Non-Linear Texts

Directions: Answer the crossword puzzle by identifying the type of non-linear text
described in each number.

1
 Across
4. You can use this non-linear text if you want to show how something develops
or changes over time.
5. You can use this non-linear text if you want to classify or compare given
information.

Down
1. You can use this non-linear text if you want to show the step-by-step process
of a procedure.
2. This type of non-linear text shows an artist's illustration of an idea or process
so that you can understand it better.
3. You can use this non-linear text if you want to show the shares or proportions
of different parts as compared to the whole.

What’s New

Understanding Non-Linear Texts

Directions: Study the bar graph below to find the answers that will complete the
missing information in the given paragraph.

The National Book Development Board (NBDP) of the Philippines conducted a

readership survey in 2017 to study and determine the reading habits and attitudes
of Filipinos. In this survey, they found out the top four kinds or genres of books that
parents read or buy for their child(ren) whose ages are 0-5 years old. (1) ________ is
the most popular type of book that parents buy for their children aged 0-5 years old.
The next type of book that parents prefer to buy for their children are the (2) ________.
The third and fourth most preferred books for very young children are the (3)
________, and the (4) ________, respectively.

Source: National Book Development Board (NBDB) Readership Survey 2017

BOOK GENRE READ TO OR BOUGHT

FOR CHILD(REN) AGED 0-5 YEARS
OLD
40.00% 35.90%

30.00%
20.40%
20.00%

10.00%
1.80% 1.70%
0.00%
Storybooks Picture Books Poetry Other books

2
 What is It

In the previous module, you have learned about the two types of texts: linear and non-
linear. You have also learned about the different types of non-linear texts such as:
1. Graphs
a. Bar Graph
b. Line Graph
c. Pie Graph

2. Charts/Diagrams
a. Flowchart
b. Pictogram
c. Drawing

3. Tables

Being able to read and understand a non-linear text is an important skill that you can
use both in school and in your daily life because non-linear texts can be found in books,
newspapers, magazines, on the Internet, on television, and even on pamphlets, and
posters.

Aside from understanding non-linear texts, it is also a very useful skill to transcode
linear to non-linear texts or non-linear texts to linear texts. To transcode simply means
to change a linear text into a non-linear form or vice versa. Before you can transcode,
you first need to fully understand the text that you will transcode to identify the main
idea and supporting details and to determine what type of text (linear or non-linear) you
will use.

Activity 1
Directions: Read the following main ideas and decide what type of non-linear text you
need to use in transcoding.

Main Idea Non-linear text to use in transcoding

1. The kinds of books that parents want
to give their children aged 0-5 years old Answer: _____________________________
have changed from 2012 to 2017.
2. There are six reasons why Filipino
adults read, and the main reason is to Answer: _____________________________
learn more or new things.
3. More Filipinos do not know where
libraries are located in their areas with
59% of those who answered the survey
Answer: _____________________________
saying “no” and only 41% saying “yes”
when asked if they know a library in
their city or municipality.
4. The parts of a regular book can be
classified into nine kinds which Answer: _____________________________
include the front cover, back cover,

3
 spine, title, illustration, author,
illustrator, call number, and bar code.
5. Borrowing an e-book from our school’s
e-library is as easy as following five Answer: _____________________________
simple steps!

Activity 2
Directions: Study the line graph below and complete the outline of the main idea and
supporting details given.

Number of Filipinos reading newspapers from 2003 to 2017

100%
86%
90%
80% 72% 69%
67%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2003 2007 2012 2017
Source: National Book Development Board (NBDB) Readership Survey 2017

I. Main idea:
The number of Filipinos reading (1) ________ have decreased from 2003 to (2)
________ but have slightly (3) ________ from 2012 to 2017.

II. Supporting details:

a. 2003 – (4) _____________
b. 2007 – 72%
c. 2012 – 67%
d. 2017 – (5) _____________

Activity 3
Directions: Read the following linear text. Then, on the space provided below, transcode
the given information by creating the appropriate non-linear text.

Based on the survey, the top book genre that children read are picture books
and storybooks for children with 72.70 percent. Coming in a close second is short
story for children with 71.20 percent. The reference books such as encyclopedia,
almanac, dictionary, thesaurus, atlas and maps is the third choice with 59 percent,
Holy Bible came in at fourth by 55.4 percent. Leisure, entertainment, and hobbies
complete the top five genre of books, with 48.8 percent of the children respondents.

Source: National Book Development Board (NBDB) Readership Survey 2017

Create your non-linear text here. Remember to include the titles and labels:

4
 What’s More

Activity 1
Directions: Read the given scenario and create the appropriate non-linear text to show
the given information.

You have 50 friends who read books from fanfiction websites. You asked
them about the different websites that they use. Now, you want to show the shares
or proportions of the different fanfiction websites used by your 50 friends.

You gathered the following information:

Wattpad – 25 friends (50%)

Asianfanfics – 12 friends (24%)
Kindle Worlds – 9 friends (18%)
Archive of Our Own – 3 friends (6%)
Fanfiction.net – 1 friend (2%)

Create your non-linear text here. Remember to include the titles and labels:

Activity 2
Directions: Based on your answer in the previous activity, write a linear text to explain
the non-linear text that you have created. Remember that when transcoding a non-
linear text to a linear text you have to include the title, the main idea, and the supporting
details. The first sentence is already written for you.

Based on a survey that I conducted, the top fanfiction website that my friends
read is Wattpad with 50 percent of the total respondents. _____________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

5
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Think about the learnings that you had in using this module and answer
the activity below.

Write three things you have learned today…

1. __________________________________________________________

3 2. __________________________________________________________

3. __________________________________________________________

List two things you want to learn more about…

2 1. __________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________

Ask one question about today’s lesson…

1 1. __________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Directions: Read the dialogue between two teachers below. From the dialogue, take all
the important information that you need to be able to make the appropriate non-linear
text or diagram to show the information that you have gathered.
Mr. Samson: I have observed that whenever I give my students a reading material, it
looks like they do not like to read.
Mr. Carreon: I have the same problem with my students, so I decided to interview them
to find out the reason why my students do not enjoy reading.
Mr. Samson: And what did they tell you?
Mr. Carreon: Out of my fifty students, twenty-nine of them (58%) said that they do not
enjoy reading because other activities are more interesting. Seventeen
students (34%) said that there are many unfamiliar words.
Mr. Samson: What did the remaining four students say?
Mr. Carreon: Three students (6%) said that they do not like the topics. The remaining
one student (2%) said that he does not have time to read.
Mr. Samson: You should share this information with other teachers who may also have
the same problem just like me.

6
Mr. Carreon: That is a good idea. I just need to think of a way to show this information
so that people will understand it more easily.
Did you get all the important information from the dialogue between Mr. Carreon
and Mr. Samson? What kind of non-linear text do you think Mr. Carreon should
use to present the information?

Create your non-linear text here:

Now that you have created your non-linear text, explain it, too, in 3-4 sentences.
Write your explanation here:

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

7
 Assessment

Directions: Study the table below and answer the questions that follow by choosing
the letter of your answer.
The English Club recently reopened its collection of fiction books for its
members to borrow. After one month, The English Club officers came up with this
table to summarize the borrowers’ records:

Number of Borrowers per Grade Level

Titles of Book Series
Borrowed Grade 7 Grade 8 Grade 9 Grade 10

The Harry Potter series 91 102 75 82

The Hunger Games series 75 85 82 84

The Chronicles of Narnia series 97 65 42 64

The Divergent series 68 94 87 97

The Maze Runner series 57 87 99 93

1. Which book series is the most popular among borrowers from Grade 7?
A. The Divergent series
B. The Harry Potter series
C. The Hunger Games series
D. The Chronicles of Narnia series

2. Which book series may be considered the least favorite of the Grade 9 borrowers?
A. The Divergent series
B. The Harry Potter series
C. The Hunger Games series
D. The Chronicles of Narnia series

3. Which grade level borrowed The Chronicles of Narnia series the most?
A. Grade 7
B. Grade 8
C. Grade 9
D. Grade 10

4. Which grade level has the highest number of borrowers?

A. Grade 7
B. Grade 8
C. Grade 9
D. Grade 10

5. Which among the five book series is most borrowed across all the grade levels?
A. The Divergent series
B. The Harry Potter series
C. The Hunger Games series
D. The Maze Runner series