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    12500221027

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    12500221027

    Uploaded by

    vatskumarsourav
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    2 views12 pages

    12500221027

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    of 12

    PRESENTATION ON​ DECISION TREES

    NAME : VATS KUMAR SOURAV​


    ROLL NO. : 12500221027 ​
    YEAR: 4TH​
    SEMESTER: 7TH​
    SUBJECT : MACHINE LEARNING
    STREAM : INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY​
    Introduction to
    Decision Trees
    Decision trees are a powerful machine learning algorithm used
    for both classification and regression tasks. They work by
    recursively partitioning the input data based on feature values,
    creating a tree-like model of decisions and their possible
    consequences.
    What are Decision
    Trees?
    Decision trees are a type of supervised learning algorithm that
    can be used to solve both classification and regression problems.
    They work by creating a tree-like model of decisions, where each
    internal node represents a feature or attribute, and each leaf
    node represents a class label or a numerical value.
    How do Decision Trees work?
    1 Feature Selection
    Decision trees work by recursively selecting the feature that best
    separates the input data into distinct classes or values.

    2 Splitting
    Based on the selected feature, the algorithm splits the data into
    subsets, creating branches in the tree.

    3 Termination
    The process continues until a stopping criterion is met, such as a
    maximum depth or a minimum number of samples in a leaf node.
    Advantages of Decision Trees
    1 Interpretability
    Decision trees are easy to interpret and explain, making them a popular choice for many
    applications.

    2 Flexibility
    Decision trees can handle both numerical and categorical features, making them a
    versatile algorithm.

    3 Robustness
    Decision trees are relatively robust to outliers and can handle missing values in the data.

    4 Feature Selection
    Decision trees can automatically select the most important features, making them useful
    for feature engineering.
    Disadvantages of Decision Trees

    Overfitting Bias towards Instability


    Categorical Features
    Decision trees can easily overfit Small changes in the training
    the training data, leading to poor Decision trees tend to favor data can result in significantly
    generalization performance. categorical features over different tree structures, making
    numerical features, which can the model less stable.
    affect the model's performance.
    Applications of Decision Trees
    Classification Regression
    Decision trees are widely used for classification tasks, Decision trees can also be used for regression problems,
    such as predicting customer churn, diagnosing medical such as predicting house prices, sales forecasting, and
    conditions, and credit card fraud detection. stock market predictions.

    Feature Engineering Exploratory Data Analysis


    The feature importance information provided by decision Decision trees can help identify patterns and
    trees can be used to select the most relevant features for relationships in the data, making them useful for
    a given problem. exploratory data analysis.
    Building a Decision Tree
    Data Preparation
    Clean and preprocess the data, handling missing values,
    encoding categorical features, and scaling numerical features.

    Feature Selection
    Identify the most relevant features that can best split the data
    into distinct classes or values.

    Tree Construction
    Recursively split the data based on the selected feature,
    creating a tree-like structure of decisions and their
    consequences.
    Pruning and Overfitting
    Pruning Overfitting Hyperparameter Tuning
    To address the problem of Decision trees can easily overfit Adjusting hyperparameters,
    overfitting, decision tree models the training data, leading to poor such as the maximum depth of
    can be pruned to simplify the performance on new, unseen the tree or the minimum number
    tree structure and improve data. Techniques like cross- of samples in a leaf node, can
    generalization performance. validation and regularization can help find the right balance
    help mitigate this issue. between complexity and
    generalization.
    Evaluating Decision Tree
    Performance
    Accuracy
    Measure the overall correctness of the model's predictions.

    Precision

    Evaluate the model's ability to avoid false positives.

    Recall

    Assess the model's ability to identify all relevant instances.

    F1-Score

    Combine precision and recall into a single metric.


    Conclusion and Key Takeaways
    Decision trees are a powerful and versatile machine learning algorithm that can be used for both classification
    and regression tasks. They offer advantages in terms of interpretability, flexibility, and feature selection, but also
    come with challenges such as overfitting and instability. By understanding the strengths and limitations of
    decision trees, you can effectively apply them to a wide range of real-world problems.

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