Planning In Sports

Planning

“Planning is usually interpreted as a process to

develop a strategy to achieve desire
objectives, to solve problem and to facilitate
action.”

“ A Plan is trap laid to capture the future.”

 Objectives of Planning
1. To reduce unnecessary pressure of immediacy
2. To keep good control over all the activities
3. To facilitate proper coordination
4. To reduce chances of mistake
5. To increase the efficiency
6. To increase the creativity
7. To enhance the sports performance
 Various committees and their
responsibility
1. Committee for publicity.
2. Transport committee.
3. Boarding and lodging committee.
4. Decoration and ceremony committee.
5. Grounds and equipment committee.
6. Refreshments and entertainment committee.
7. Reception committee.
8. Committee on entries and programmes.
9 Committee for officials.
10 Announcement committee.
11 First aid committee.
Tournaments- It is that series of sports in which a
team finally wins and rest of the teams lose the
matches.

Importance of Tournaments
1. Development of sports skills.
2. Propaganda of sports.
3. Helpful in selection of players.
4. Development of national & international
integration.
5. Development of social qualities.
6. Source of recreation.
 Types of Tournaments

Knock out tournament

League or Round Robin Tournament

Combination Tournament

Challenge tournament
 Types of Tournaments
Knock out tournament
Advantages
Less time, less money, less officials, enhances
standard of sports
Disadvantages
 Chances of elimination of good teams in Ist & IInd
round
 Maximum chances of weak teams to enter in to final
rounds
 Spectators may not have enough interest in the final
match
 League or Round Robin Tournament
Types of league tournament
Single league tournament – Every team plays with every other
team once.
Double league tournament - Every team plays with every other
team twice.
Method of preparing fixture
1. Cyclic method
2. Staircase method
3. Tabular method
 Combination Tournament
1. Knock-out cum Knock-out
2. League cum League
3. Knock-out cum League
4. League cum Knock-out
 Combination Tournament
1. Knock-out cum Knock-out
Example – Zonal Tournament on Knock out basis.
1 1
2 2
Zone A 3 Winner A Zone B 3 Winner B

4 4

1 1
2 2
Winner D
Zone C 3 Winner C Zone D 3
4 4
Inter Zonal Tournament on Knock out basis
Winner A
Winner B
Winner C Winner

Winner D
 Combination Tournament
2. League cum League
Example – Group of Zonal Tournament on League basis.
1-2 1-2
Zone A 1–3 2–3 Winner A Zone B 1–3 2–3 Winner B

1–4 2–4 3–4 1–4 2–4 3–4

1-2 1-2
Zone C 1–3 2–3 Winner C Zone D 1–3 2–3 Winner D

1–4 2–4 3–4 1–4 2–4 3–4

Inter Group or Zonal Tournament on League basis.

A–B
A –C B –C WINNER
A–D B–D C–D
 Combination Tournament
3. Knock-out cum League Tournament
Example – Group or Zonal Tournament on Knock out basis.
1 1
2 2
Zone A 3 Winner A Zone B 3 Winner B

4 4

1 1
2 2
Winner D
Zone C 3 Winner C Zone D 3
4 4
Inter Group or Zonal Tournament on League basis.
A–B
A –C B –C WINNER
A–D B–D C–D
 Combination Tournament
4. League cum Knock out Tournament
Example – Group of Zonal Tournament on League basis.
1-2 1-2
Zone A 1–3 2–3 Winner A Zone B 1–3 2–3 Winner B

1–4 2–4 3–4 1–4 2–4 3–4

1-2 1-2
Zone C 1–3 2–3 Winner C Zone D 1–3 2–3 Winner D

1–4 2–4 3–4 1–4 2–4 3–4

Inter Zonal Tournament on Knock out basis

Winner A
Winner B
Winner
Winner C
Winner D
Procedure to Draw Fixtures
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes.
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6
7
8
Lower Half 9
10
11
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6
7
8
Lower Half 9
10
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6
7
8
Lower Half 9
10
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6
7 Bye 3rd
8
Lower Half 9
10
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6 Bye 4th
7 Bye 3rd
8
Lower Half 9
10
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6 Bye 4th
7 Bye 3rd
8
Lower Half 9
10 Bye 5th
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6 Bye 4th
7 Bye 3rd
8
Lower Half 9
10 Bye 5th
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6 Bye 4th
7 Bye 3rd
8
Lower Half 9
10 Bye 5th
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2
Upper Half 3
4
5
6 Bye 4th
7 Bye 3rd
8
Lower Half 9
10 Bye 5th
11 Bye 1st
 Draw a fixture of 11 teams on knock-out basis.
Total number of teams (N) =11
No. of teams in upper half = (N+1)÷2 = (11+1)÷2 = 12÷2= 6 teams
No. of teams in lower half = (N-1)÷2 = (11-1)÷2 = 10÷2= 5 teams
Total no. of byes = 16-11= 5 Byes
IR IIR IIIR IVR
1 Bye 2nd
2 4
1
Upper Half 3 8
4
2
5 5
6 Bye 4th
7 Bye 3rd
8 6
3
Lower Half 9 9

10 Bye 5th
7
11 Bye 1st
 League or Round Robin Tournament
Types of league tournament
Single league tournament – Every team plays with every other
team once.
Double league tournament - Every team plays with every other
team twice.
Method of preparing fixture
1. Cyclic method
2. Staircase method
3. Tabular method
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

1
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

6 1
5 2
4 3
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

6 1 1
5 2
4 3
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

6 1 5 1
5 2 4 6
4 3 3 2
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

6 1 5 1 4 1
5 2 4 6 3 5
4 3 3 2 2 6
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15

6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

Bye
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

5 Bye
4 1
3 2
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

5 Bye Bye
4 1
3 2
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

5 Bye 4 Bye
4 1 3 5
3 2 2 1
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

5 Bye 4 Bye 3 Bye

4 1 3 5 2 4
3 2 2 1 1 5
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

5 Bye 4 Bye 3 Bye 2 Bye

4 1 3 5 2 4 1 3
3 2 2 1 1 5 5 4
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

5 Bye 4 Bye 3 Bye 2 Bye 1 Bye

4 1 3 5 2 4 1 3 5 2
3 2 2 1 1 5 5 4 4 3
 Cyclic Method
 N=6 Total no. of matches = n(n-1)/2 =15
IR IIR IIIR IVR VR
6 1 5 1 4 1 3 1 2 1
5 2 4 6 3 5 2 4 6 3
4 3 3 2 2 6 6 5 5 4

N=5 Total no of matches = n(n-1)/2 =10

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

5 Bye 4 Bye 3 Bye 2 Bye 1 Bye
4 1 3 5 2 4 1 3 5 2
3 2 2 1 1 5 5 4 4 3
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

 Draw a fixture of 9 teams on league basis according to staircase mehtod.

 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4
1-5 2-5
1-6 2-6
1-7 2-7
1-8 2-8
1-9 2-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5
1-6 2-6 3-6
1-7 2-7 3-7
1-8 2-8 3-8
1-9 2-9 3-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8
1-9 2-9 3-9 4-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8
1-9 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8
1-9 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8 7-8
1-9 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9 7-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8 7-8
1-9 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9 7-9 8-9
 Staircase Method
In this fixtures are made just like a ladder or a staircase

1-2
1-3 2-3
1-4 2-4 3-4
1-5 2-5 3-5 4-5
1-6 2-6 3-6 4-6 5-6
1-7 2-7 3-7 4-7 5-7 6-7
1-8 2-8 3-8 4-8 5-8 6-8 7-8
1-9 2-9 3-9 4-9 5-9 6-9 7-9 8-9
Tabular Method
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A
B
C
D
E
F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B
C
D
E
F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 2
C 4
D 1
E 3
F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

A X B
C X E
D X F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

A X B A X C
C X E D X E
D X F B X F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

A X B A X C B X C
C X E D X E A X D
D X F B X F E X F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

A X B A X C B X C B X D
C X E D X E A X D A X E
D X F B X F E X F C X F
Tabular Method
When N is even then N+1 squares are made vertically and horizontally

When N is odd then N+2 squares are made vertically and horizontally.
No. of teams (N)= 6 No. of squares = 6+1=7
A B C D E F
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
F

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

A X B A X C B X C B X D C X D
C X E D X E A X D A X E B X E
D X F B X F E X F C X F A X F
 Tabular Method
No. of teams = 7 No. of squares = 7+2=9
A B C D E F G bye
A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
B 3 4 5 6 7 2
C 5 6 7 1 4
D 7 1 2 6
E 2 3 1
F 4 3
G 5
bye

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR VIR VIIR

A X B A X C B X C B X D C X D C X E D X E
D X F E X F A X D A X E B X E B X F C X F
C X G D X G E X G F X G A X F A X G B X G
EXBye BXBye FXBye CXBye GXBye DXBye AXBye
 Tabular Method
No. of teams = 5 No. of squares = + =

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

X X X C X D X D
X X X D X E X E
X Bye X Bye X Bye X Bye X Bye
 Tabular Method
No. of teams = 5 No. of squares =5+2=7

A B C D E Bye
A 1 2 3 4 5
B 3 4 5 2
C 5 1 4
D 2 1
E 3
Bye

IR IIR IIIR IVR VR

A X B A X C B X C B X D C X D
C X E D X E A X D A X E B X E
D X Bye B X Bye E X Bye C X Bye A X Bye
Method for deciding the winner in league tournament

a) British method – Divide the total points obtained

by the total possible points.

b) American method – Divide the no. of games own

by the total no. of games played.

Winners of the match = 2 points

Loser of the match = 0 point
Draw = 1 point
Method for deciding the winner in league tournament

a) British method – Divide the total points obtained

by the total possible points.
Example – If a team plays 8 matches in a tournament and
wins 6 matches and 2 remains draw. The percentage of
points will be :
Total point = 12 + 2 =14
Possible points = 16
Percentage of points = Total points obtained x 100
Total possible points
Percentage of point = 14 x 100 = 87.5
16
Method for deciding the winner in league tournament

b) American method – Divide the no. of games own

by the total no. of games played.
Example – If a team plays 8 games wins 5 games in a
tournament then
Percentage = Matches won x 100
Matches played
Its Percentage will be = 5 x 100 = 62.5
8
In this method tie is not counted.
Intramurals - It is derived from the Latin words Inra and
muralis. Intra means with in & muralis means wall. (Within
the walls)

 Origin of intramurals
 Need or significance of intramurals
 Objectives of intramurals
 General principal of intramurals
 Activities for Intramural Competiton
 Origin of intramurals
 First time in U.S.A. the intramural of baseball was organized in
1864.

 After that in the beginning of 20th century some progressive

physical education teachers showed interest in intramurals and
they realized that through intramurals, the more extensive
development of physical education can be done.
 In 1925 every high school started the mission to establish
intramural department in U.S.A.
 Need or Significance for intramurals
1. Intramurals are very essential for physical, mental,
emotional and social development of students.
2. These programmes also lay stress on moral and ethical
values of students.
3. Intramurals are necessary for the development of health of
children.
4. These programmes are also essential to calm down the
fighting instinct of children.
5. These programmes refresh the children and make them
agile.
6. Intramurals provide maximum recreation to the students.
7. Intramurals provide ample opportunities to the students
to participate in games and sports .
8. Intramurals are also essential for developing the
leadership qualities among the students.
 Objectives of intramurals

1. To provide opportunity to every student to participate in

games & sports
2. To develop the leadership qualities among students
3. To develop the feeling of cooperation
4. To provide recreation
5. To develop the feeling of sportsmanship
6. To provide opportunity to learn a variety of games & skills
7. To provide the opportunity to get experience of organization
of competition
8. To find out talented sportsperson
9. To provide opportunity develop personality
 Activities for intramural competition.
1. Major games – Volleyball, Hockey ,cricket, Basketball,
Kabaddi, swimming, athletics, cycling, wrestling,
lawn tennis, football, softball etc.
2. Minor games – Shuttle runs, Kho-kho, circle game, tag
game, roller skating, Potato race, sack race & three
legged race etc.
3. Rhythmics- Lazium, dumb bell, marching, folk dance,
group dance, solo dance, Mass p.t.
& rhythmic gymnastic etc.
4.Crative activities- Painting, drawing , Sculpture &
making models.
5.Combative activities- Boxing, judo, Taekwondo, judo,
karate, etc
 Extramurals

The word extramurals is derived from the Latin

words ‘Extra’ and ‘Muralis’. Extra means outside
and Muralis means wall. It means that the
activities which are performed outside the walls
of an institution or school.
 Need or Significance of
Extramural competition
1. Provide opportunities to school to show their
sports capabilities.
2. For enhancing the standard of sports
performance.
3. Provide appropriate knowledge of sports
techniques.
4. For making and implementing the programmes
of physical education more effectively.
5. Improve the opportunities to participate in
sports.
 Objectives of Extramurals
1. To improve the standard of sports.
2. To provide experience to students.
3. To develop sportsmanship and fraternity.
4. To broaden the base of sports.
5. To provide the knowledge of new rules and
advance technique.
 Specific Sports Programmes
 Health Runs – Health runs are organized by health
department, sports department or social organizations. Usually
their purpose is to ameliorate the standard of health in a country
along with the raising of fund for the charity.
 Run for fun – Run for fun is also 0rgainse with an objective to
spread the message among the masses to remain healthy and fit. It
may be organized to motivate the people to exercise regularly and
stay healthy. It is more related to have fun and frolic during
running.
 Run for unity – It is organized with a specific purpose i.e.
to show unity and peace among the people of different
religions. Its purpose is national and international
integration.
 Run for specific causes – Run for specific cause is the
run which is related to a good and noble cause. Its main
purpose is to raise the funds for specific cause but the
cause should be noble.
 Sports Day
 Sports Day
 The sports day is organized so that all round development of
children could be done. The various sports activities in which
physical and recreational activities are included. Generally
sports day is organize by each and every school. On sports
day ample opportunities are provided to every child to take
part in any activity. These activities are vital for children. By
participating in these activities the leadership qualities are
develop among the students. Sports day provide ample
opportunities for recreation of children and owing to that
they do not fall in the trap of stress, tension and depression.
The level of health also increases by taking part in such
activity. The various social qualities such as honesty,
brotherhood, friendship, cooperation, tolerance, unity,
feeling of respect and group cohesion are developed among
children.