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    1.-Polar-Coordinate-System

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    1.-Polar-Coordinate-System

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    1.-Polar-Coordinate-System

    Uploaded by

    kezaihg
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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 20

    POLAR COORDINATE

    SYSTEM
    Lesson 1: Plotting points in Polar Coordinate System
    Lesson 2: Converting Polar points to Rectangular and Vice Versa
    Example:
    𝜋 17𝜋
    A.(3, ) G.(2.5, )
    3 4
    5𝜋 17𝜋
    B.(1, ) H.(4, - )
    6 6
    7𝜋 4𝜋
    C.(2, ) I. (- 3, )
    6 3
    19𝜋 11𝜋
    D.(4, ) J. (-4, )
    12 6
    E.(3,- π) K.(-2,- π)
    7𝜋 7𝜋
    F. (4, − ) L. (-3.5,− )
    6 4
    Conversion from Polar to Rectangular Coordinates

    𝑥 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃
    (r, 𝜃) → ቊ
    𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃
    Example:
    Convert the polar
    coordinates (5, 𝜋) and
    𝜋
    (- 3, ) to Cartesian
    6
    coordinates.
    Solution:
    (5, 𝜋)
    𝑥 = 5 cos 𝜋
    (5, 𝜋) = ቊ
    𝑦 = 5 sin 𝜋
    = (- 5, 0)
    Solution:
    𝜋
    (- 3, )
    6
    𝜋
    𝜋
    𝑥 = −3 cos
    6
    (- 3, ) = ቐ 𝜋
    6 𝑦 = −3 sin
    6
    3 3 3
    = − ,−
    2 2
    Conversion from Rectangular to Polar Coordinates
    (x, y) = 0,0 → 𝑟, 𝜃 = 0, 𝜃 , 𝜃𝜖ℜ
    𝜋
    𝑦, 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 > 0
    2
    0, 𝑦 → 𝑟, 𝜃 = 3𝜋
    𝑦, 𝑖𝑓 𝑦 < 0
    2

    𝑥, 0 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 > 0
    𝑥, 0 → 𝑟, 𝜃 = ቊ
    𝑥 , 𝜋 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 0
    (x, y) → 𝑟, 𝜃
    r = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2
    𝑦
    tan 𝜃 =
    𝑥
    Example1:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    1. (-4, 0)
    2. (4,4)
    3. (-3, - 3)
    4. (6, -2)
    5. (-3,6)
    6. (-12, -8)
    Solution:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    1. (-4, 0)
    r = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (−4)2 + 02 = 4
    𝑦 0
    tan 𝜃 = = =0
    𝑥 −4
    𝜃= tan -1 (0) = 0 (opposite)
    (4,𝝅)
    Solution:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    2. (4,4)
    r = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (4)2 + (4)2 = 4 2
    𝑦 4
    tan 𝜃 = = =1
    𝑥 4
    𝜋
    𝜃= tan-1 (1) = 45 or
    4
    𝝅
    (4 2 , )
    𝟒
    Solution:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    3. (-3, - 3)
    r = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (−3)2 + (− 3)2 = 2 3
    𝑦 − 3 3
    tan 𝜃 = = =
    𝑥 −3 3
    3 7𝜋
    𝜃= tan ( )
    -1 = 30 or (opposite)
    3 6
    𝟕𝝅
    (2 3, )
    𝟔
    Solution:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    4. (6, -2)
    r = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (6)2 + (−2)2 = 2 10
    𝑦 −2 1
    tan 𝜃 = = = −
    𝑥 6 3
    1
    𝜃= tan (− )
    -1 = -18.43
    3
    (2 10,−18.43)
    Solution:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    5. (-3,6)
    r = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (−3)2 + (6)2 = 3 5
    𝑦 6
    tan 𝜃 = = = −2
    𝑥 −3
    𝜃 = tan-1 (−2) = - 63.43 or 𝜋 + - 63.43 (since it is Q2)
    (3 5,𝟏𝟏𝟔. 𝟓𝟕)
    Solution:
    Convert each Cartesian coordinates to polar
    coordinates (r, 𝜃), 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑟 ≥ 0.
    6. (-12, -8)
    r = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = (−12)2 + (−8)2 = 4 13
    𝑦 −8 2
    tan 𝜃 = = =
    𝑥 −12 3
    2
    𝜃 = tan ( ) = 33.69or 𝜋 + 33.69 (since it is Q3)
    -1
    3
    (4 13,𝟐𝟏𝟑. 𝟔𝟗)
    Example2:
    Identify the polar
    graph of r = 2 and
    sketch its graph in
    the polar plane.
    Solution:
    Identify the polar graph of
    r = 2 and sketch its graph in
    the polar plane.

    r2 = x2 + y2 ; r2 = 22 = 4

    Thus, we have an equation


    of x2 + y2 = 4.
    Example3:

    Identify and describe


    the graph of the
    equation r = 4sin𝜃.
    Solution:
    r = 4sin𝜃
    r2 = 4rsin 𝜃
    x2 + y2 = 4y
    x2 + y2 – 4y = 0
    x2 + (y – 2)2 = 4
    Thus, its graph is a
    circle of radius 2 with
    𝜋
    center at (2, ).
    2
    Practice:

    The sound-pick up capability of a


    certain brand of microphone is
    described by the polar equation
    r = - 4cos𝜃. Identify and sketch
    the graph of the given equation.
    Solution:
    r = -4cos𝜃
    r2 = - 4rcos 𝜃
    x2 + y2 = -4x
    x2 + 4x+ y2= 0
    (x+2)2 + y 2 = 4
    Thus, its graph is a
    circle of radius 2 with
    center at (2,π).

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