Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 1 views

    Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Bhowmik

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Bhowmik
    1 views12 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views12 pages

    Trigonometry

    Uploaded by

    Sourav Bhowmik

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    RRB ALP Exam

    Study Material for Quantative Aptitude


    TRIGONOMETRY
    Trigonometry is made of three words “tri”, “gono”, “metry”. Where “tri” means “three”,
    “gono” means “side” and “metry” means measurement. So, trigonometry is study of measuring
    three side figure which istriangle.
    Usually we use right angle triangle to solve problem based on trigonometry.
    Problem in trigonometry are usually based on trigonometric ratio.

    Trigonometric Ratio
    Trigonometric ratio are the ratio between two sides of a triangle. At particular angle the ratio
    between two sides willremain same irrespective to their length.
    There are six Trigonometric Ratios which are as:
    Sine: It is a ratio between a perpendicular and hypotenuse. It is represented as “sin” in all
    trigonometric identities.
    sin =

    Where represents the angle for which the ratio is derived.

    Cosine: It is a ratio between a base and hypotenuse. It is represented as “cos” in all trigonometric
    identities.
    cos = =

    Secant: It is a ratio between a hypotenuse and base. It is represented as “sec” in all trigonometric
    identities.
    sec =

    Cosecant: It is a ratio between a hypotenuse and perpendicular. It is represented as “cosec” in all


    trigonometric identities.

    cosec =

    Tangent: It is a ratio between a perpendicular and base. It is represented as “tan” in all


    trigonometric identities.

    tan =

    Cotangent: It is a ratio between a base and perpendicular. It is represented as “cot” in all


    trigonometric identities.
    cot =
    Angle: When two rays (initial and terminal) meet at a point after rotation in a plane then they are
    said to have described an angle. In other words we can say, the circular distance between two
    inclined lines is called angle.

    Unit of Angle:
     Degree (o)
     Radian (c)

    Relationship between degree and radian:


    rad = 180o
    For below particular angles the value of trigonometric ratios are constant.

    0° 30o 45o 60o 90o

    sin 0 1

    cos 1 0

    tan 0 1 N.D/
    N.D/
    cot 1 0

    sec 1 2 N.D/
    N.D/
    cosec 2 1

    Signs of Trigonometric Ratio in quadrants:


    1st quadrant: All positive
    2nd quadrant: sin and cosec positive
    3rd quadrant: tan and cot positive
    4th quadrant: cos and sec positive

    Relation between Trigonometric Ratios:


    sin × cosec =1
    cos × sec =1
    tan × cot =1
    tan = =
    cot = =

    Trigonometric Ratios of Allied Angles:


    With
    sin (- ) = - sin

    cos (- ) = cos

    tan (- ) ) = - tan

    cot (- ) = - cot

    sec (- ) = sec
    cosec (- ) = - cosec

    With (90o – )

    sin (90o – ) ) = cos

    cos (90o – ) ) = sin

    tan (90o – ) ) = cot

    cot (90o – ) ) = tan


    sec (90o – ) ) = cosec
    cosec (90o – ) ) = sec

    With (90o + ) )
    sin (90o + ) = cos
    cos (90o + )) = – sin
    tan (90o + ) = – cot
    cot (90o + ) = – tan
    sec (90o + ) = – cosec
    cosec (90o + ) = – sec

    With (180o – )
    sin (180o – ) = sin
    cos (180o – ) = – cos

    tan (180o – ) = – tan

    cot (180o – ) = – cot

    sec (180o – ) = – sec


    cosec (180o – ) = cosec

    With (180o + )
    sin (180o + ) = – sin

    cos (180o + ) = – cos

    tan (180o + )= tan

    cot (180o + )= cot

    sec (180o + ) = – sec


    cosec (180o + ) = – cosec

    With (270o – )
    sin (270o – ) = – cos
    cos (270o – ) = – sin
    tan (270o – ) = cot
    cot (270o – ) = tan
    sec (270o – ) = – cosec
    cosec (270o – ) = – sec

    With (270o + )
    sin (270o + ) = – cos
    cos (270o + ) = sin
    tan (270o + ) = – cot
    cot (270o + ) = – tan
    sec (270o + ) = cosec
    cosec (270o + ) = – sec
    With (360o – )
    sin (360o – ) = – sin
    cos (360o – ) = cos
    tan (360o – ) = – tan
    cot (360o – ) = – cot
    sec (360o – ) = sec
    cosec (360o – ) = – cosec

    With (360o + )
    sin (360o + ) = sin

    cos (360o + ) = cos

    tan (360o + ) = tan

    cot (360o + ) = cot

    sec (360o + ) = sec


    cosec (360o + ) = cosec

    Some Useful Identities


    1) sin2 + cos2 = 1
    It can also be expressed as
    sin2 = 1 – cos2
    cos2 = 1 – sin2

    2) sec2 – tan2 = 1
    It can also be expressed as
    sec2 = 1 + tan2
    sec2 – 1 = tan2

    3) cosec2 – cot2 = 1
    It can also be expressed as
    cosec2 = 1 + cot2
    cosec2 – 1 = cot2
    4) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
    5) sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
    6) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
    7) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
    8) 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)
    9) 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B ) – sin (A – B)
    10) 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B ) –sin (A + B)
    11) 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B ) + cos (A – B)
    12) sin2 A – sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A – B)
    13) cos2 A – cos2 B = cos (A+B) cos (A – B)
    14) tan (A + B) =

    15) tan (A – B) =

    16) cot (A + B) =

    17) cot (A – B) =

    18) sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A =

    19) cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = 2cos2A –1 =1 – sin2A =

    20) tan 2A =

    21) sin 3A = 3 sin A – 4 sin3A

    22) cos 3A = 4 cos3A – 3 cos A

    23) tan 3A =

    24) sin C + sin D = 2 sin . cos

    25) sin C – sin D = 2 cos . sin

    26) cos C + cos D = 2 cos . cos


    27) cos C – cos D = 2 sin sin

    28) If 4 < 60
    i. sin . . sin 2 . sin 4 = ¼ sin 3
    ii. cos . cos 2 . cos 4 = ¼ cos 3
    iii. tan . tan 2 . tan 4 = tan 3
    iv. cot . cot 2 . cot 4 = cot 3

    29) For all value of


    i. sin (60 – ) sin . sin (60 + ) = sin 3
    ii. cos (60 – ) cos . cos (60 + ) = cos 3
    iii. tan (60 – ) tan . tan (60 + ) = tan 3
    iv. cot (60 – ) cot . cot (60 + ) = cot 3

    30) If A + B = 45o
    i. (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2
    ii. (1 – cot A) (1 – cot B) = 2

    31) If A + B = 90o
    i. sin A = cos B
    ii. cosec A = sec B
    iii. tan A = cot B

    32) If A + B + C = 90o
    i. tan A .tan B + tan B.tan C + tan C. tan A = 1
    ii. cot A + cot B + cot C = cot A. cot B. cot C

    33) If A + B + C = 180o
    i. tan A + tan B +tan C= tan A. tan B. tan C
    ii. cot A. cot B + cot B.cot C + cot C. cot A = 1
    iii. sin 2A + sin2B + sin 2C = 4sinA.sinB.sin C

    34) tan (45 + ) = =

    35) tan (45 – ) = =


    Solved Examples:

    1. If 12tan = 5, then find the trigonometric ratio.


    Solution:
    tan =
    It means perpendicular is 5 and base will be 12. By using Pythagoras Theorem, we caneasily find
    hypotenuse.
    Hypotenuse2 = perpendicular2 + base2
    Hypotenuse = = 13
    sin = =
    cos = =
    sec = =
    cosec = =
    cot = =

    2. If tan = , then find the value of

    Solution:

    Divide both numerator and denominator by

    tan = =

    OR
    As both numerator and denominator have sin andcos, which have hypotenuse their denominator thus
    we can use a as sin and b as cos
    Now,
    3. sin 720o – cot 270o – sin 150o cos 120o is equal to –
    Solution:
    sin (2×360o + 0o) – cot (360o – 90o) – sin(180o – 30o). cos (90o + 30o)
    sin 0o – cot 90o – sin 30o. sin 30o

    0–0+ =

    4. If tan (x + y) . tan (x – y) = 1, then find the value of tan x


    Solution:
    tan (x + y) = = cot (x – y)
    x + y + x – y = 90o

    2x = 90o
    x = 45o
    tan 45o = 1

    5. If cot 2A cot 3A = 1 , then find the value of sin . cos .

    Solution:
    2A + 3A = 90o

    A = 18o
    Sin .cos
    sin 45o × cos 45o = =

    6. If = then find the value of tan .

    Solution:
    Apply componendo and dividendo –
    =

    = tan= = =
    7. If tan + cot = 2, then find the value of tan100 + cot110
    Solution:
    tan100 + cot110 = 1 + 1 =2

    8. If sin2 + sin = 1, then find the value of cos4 + cos2 .


    Solution:
    sin = 1– sin2 = cos2
    cos4 = sin2
    cos4 + cos2 = sin2 + sin =1

    9. Solve: tan1o.tan2o.tan3o … tan89o


    Solution:
    tan1o.tan2o.tan3o … tan45o … cot 3o.cot 2o.cot 1o
    tan1o cot 1o tan2o cot 2o tan3o cot 3o… tan45o1×1×1….×1 = 1

    10. Solve cos1o. cos2o. cos3o…… cos179o.


    Solution:
    cos1o. cos2o. cos3o… cos 90o … cos179o

    cos 90o = 0
    cos1o. cos2o. cos3o…0… cos179o = 0

    You might also like