Trigonometry: Trigonometric Ratio
Trigonometry: Trigonometric Ratio
Trigonometry: Trigonometric Ratio
Trigonometry is made of three words “tri”, “gono”, “metry”. Where “tri” means “three”, “gono”
means “side” and “metry” means measurement. So, trigonometry is study of measuring three
side figure which is triangle.
Usually we use right angle triangle to solve problem based on trigonometry.
Problem in trigonometry are usually based on trigonometric ratio.
Trigonometric Ratio
Trigonometric ratio are the ratio between two sides of a triangle. At particular angle the ratio
between two sides will remain same irrespective to their length.
There are six Trigonometric Ratios which are as:
Sine: It is a ratio between a perpendicular and hypotenuse. It is represented as “sin” in all
trigonometric identities.
sin =
Cosine: It is a ratio between a base and hypotenuse. It is represented as “cos” in all trigonometric
identities.
cos = =
Secant: It is a ratio between a hypotenuse and base. It is represented as “sec” in all trigonometric
identities.
sec =
cosec =
tan =
Unit of Angle:
● Degree (o)
● Radian (c)
sin 0 1
cos 1 0
tan 0 1 N.D/
N.D/
cot 1 0
sec 1 2 N.D/
N.D/
cosec 2 1
cos (- )= cos
tan (- ) ) = - tan
cot (- ) = - cot
sec (- ) = sec
cosec (- ) = - cosec
With (90o – )
With (90o + ) )
sin (90o + ) = cos
cos (90o + )) = – sin
tan (90o + ) = – cot
cot (90o + ) = – tan
sec (90o + ) = – cosec
cosec (90o + ) = – sec
With (180o – )
sin (180o – ) = sin
With (180o + )
sin (180o + ) = – sin
With (270o – )
sin (270o – ) = – cos
cos (270o – ) = – sin
tan (270o – ) = cot
cot (270o – ) = tan
sec (270o – ) = – cosec
cosec (270o – ) = – sec
With (270o + )
sin (270o + ) = – cos
cos (270o + ) = sin
tan (270o + ) = – cot
cot (270o + ) = – tan
sec (270o + ) = cosec
cosec (270o + ) = – sec
With (360o – )
sin (360o – ) = – sin
cos (360o – ) = cos
tan (360o – ) = – tan
cot (360o – ) = – cot
sec (360o – ) = sec
cosec (360o – ) = – cosec
With (360o + )
sin (360o + ) = sin
2) sec2 – tan2 = 1
It can also be expressed as
sec2 = 1 + tan2
sec2 – 1 = tan2
3) cosec2 – cot2 = 1
It can also be expressed as
cosec2 = 1 + cot2
cosec2 – 1 = cot2
4) sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
5) sin (A – B) = sin A cos B – cos A sin B
6) cos (A + B) = cos A cos B – sin A sin B
7) cos (A – B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
8) 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)
9) 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B ) – sin (A – B)
10) 2 sin A sin B = cos (A – B ) –sin (A + B)
11) 2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B ) + cos (A – B)
12) sin2 A – sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A – B)
13) cos2 A – cos2 B = cos (A+B) cos (A – B)
14) tan (A + B) =
15) tan (A – B) =
16) cot (A + B) =
17) cot (A – B) =
20) tan 2A =
23) tan 3A =
28) If 4 < 60
i. sin . . sin 2 . sin 4 = ¼ sin 3
ii. cos . cos 2 . cos 4 = ¼ cos 3
iii. tan . tan 2 . tan 4 = tan 3
iv. cot . cot 2 . cot 4 = cot 3
30) If A + B = 45o
i. (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2
ii. (1 – cot A) (1 – cot B) = 2
31) If A + B = 90o
i. sin A = cos B
ii. cosec A = sec B
iii. tan A = cot B
32) If A + B + C = 90o
i. tan A .tan B + tan B.tan C + tan C. tan A = 1
ii. cot A + cot B + cot C = cot A. cot B. cot C
33) If A + B + C = 180o
i. tan A + tan B +tan C= tan A. tan B. tan C
ii. cot A. cot B + cot B.cot C + cot C. cot A = 1
iii. sin 2A + sin2B + sin 2C = 4sinA.sinB.sin C
Solved Examples:
Solution:
tan = =
OR
As both numerator and denominator have sin and cos, which have hypotenuse their denominator
thus we can use a as sin and b as cos
Now,
3. sin 720o – cot 270o – sin 150o cos 120o is equal to –
Solution:
sin (2×360o + 0o) – cot (360o – 90o) – sin (180o – 30o). cos (90o + 30o)
sin 0o – cot 90o – sin 30o. sin 30o
0–0+ =
2x = 90o
x = 45o
tan 45o = 1
Solution:
2A + 3A = 90o
A = 18o
Sin .cos
sin 45o × cos 45o = =
Solution:
Apply componendo and dividendo –
=
= tan= = =
7. If tan + cot = 2, then find the value of tan100 + cot110
Solution:
tan100 + cot110 = 1 + 1 =2
cos 90o = 0
cos1o. cos2o. cos3o…0… cos179o = 0