FILIPINO VALUES Delicadeza

- refers to the set of values of the Filipino who - refers to the value we place on maintaining
have historically held important throughout the dignity of our institution, office, or family by
their lives. avoiding embarrassing situations.
Amor-Propio
Filipino Values
Close Family Ties
- family comes first and it’s everything. SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEF
- an old belief or way of behaving that is based
Bayanihan on fear of the unknown and faith in magic or
- Filipino custom derived from the word bayan luck: a belief that certain events or things will
(nation, town or community). It originated from bring good or bad luck.
the practice of volunteers in a community Examples of Superstitious Beliefs
helping a family move by carrying the house 1. Sweeping At Night Is “Malas”
itself 2. When You Bite Your Tongue, Someone Id
Thinking of You
Respect For Elders (Pagmamano) 3. An Itch on Your Palm Means Incoming
- A Filipino gesture often done by young people Wealth
to the elders as a sign of respect. 4. Jumping On New Year’s Eve
5. Reassure Your Host That You’re Human
Hospitality
- a common trait that can be recognized through PHILIPPINE MYTHICAL CREATURES AND
their convivial and heartwarming character. LEGENDS

Altruism Philippine Myth

- to extend help to their friends and family and - a traditional narrative that involves gods,
loved ones. deities, or supernatural beings and explains
the origins of the world, natural phenomena,
Bahala Na Attitude or cultural practices.
- Bahala na is the Filipino version of the famous
line “hakuna matata” which means “no Philippine Legend
worries”. - a traditional story that typically involves
historical or semi-historical figures and events.
Manana Habit
- Procrastination. It was derived from a longer Different Mythical Creatures
Filipino phrase called “Mamaya na…” which Bathala
means dawdling things. - The supreme god of being; creator of man and
earth and addressed sometimes as Bathalang
Maykapal.
Crab Mentality
- Toxic trait among filipinos. Amanikable
- The ill-tempered god of the sea
Filipino Time
- Filipinos have this common attitude of arriving Idiyanale
late at commitments. - The goddess of labor and good deeds.

Utang Na Loob Dimangan

- They owed a person who has helped them - The god of good harvest.
through the trials they had undergone. Lakapati
- The goddess of fertility and the most understanding
Joy and Humor and kind of all the deities.
- Filipinos have a cheerful, fun-loving approach
to life, using humor as a key coping Mapulon–The god of seasons and husband of Lakapati
mechanism.
Mayari
Faith and religiosity - The goddess of the moon and one of the three
- Filipinos have a deep faith in God daughters of Bathala by a mortal woman.

Tala – The goddess of the stars

Bravery Hanan - The goddess of morning
- showing bravery and prowess most especially
when the family and our lives are threatened Dumakulem
by other people. - The strong, agile guardian of mountains and the
son of Idiyanale and Dimangan.
Remedyo Attitude
- Filipino trait of being creative and resourceful. Anion Tabu
- The fickle-minded goddess of wind and rain..
 - a creature in folklore that looks like a crying baby or
Anagolay lost child to lure people in. Once approached, it
- The goddess of lost things and the only offspring of shows its true, scary form and can attack. It is often
Lakapati and Mapulon linked to the spirits of dead children.

Apolaki Nuno sa punso/Duwende

- The god of sun and the chief patron of warriors. He - Nuno sa punso, or Duwende, are small spirit beings
was the son of Anagolay and Dumakulem. that live in mounds or anthills. Their name means
"ancestor" or "elder," and they are thought to guard
Mapolan Masalanta these places. People should ask for permission and
- The goddess of love, conception and childbirth and show respect when near them to avoid bad luck.
the protector of lovers.
Sirena
Sitan - The Sirena, or mermaid, is usually depicted as
- The guardian of Kasamaan and the keeper of all having the upper body of a beautiful woman and the
souls therein, the counterpart of Satan lower body of a fish. They are known to lure sailors
with their songs, sometimes leading them to
Manggagaway danger, but some stories also show them as kind
- She was the first agent of Satan and was primarily protectors of the sea.
blamed as the cause of diseases.
Diwata
Manisilat - nature spirits or fairies in Filipino folklore, often
- The second agent of Satan, she was tasked to linked to forests, mountains, and rivers,
destroy and break every happy and united family representing the connection between nature and
that she could find. the spiritual world.

Mangkukulam Spanish Colonization (16th-19th Century)

- the only male agent of Sitan, known for creating fire - When the Spanish colonizers arrived, they
at night or during bad weather. He can transform
into a healer and set his victim's house on fire; if the
brought Christianity, which mixed with local
fire isn’t put out quickly, the victim may die. His myths to create new stories. Diwatas, seen as
name is commonly associated with witchcraft. magical beings, are respected in rituals and
can be helpful or harmful based on how
Hukluban people treat them.
- the last agent of Sitan who can change into any
form she wants. She has the power to kill just by LEGENDS
raising her hand and can heal effortlessly. Her The Legend of Maria Makiling
name means "crone" or "hag." - Maria Makiling is a fairy living in Mount
Bakunawa
Makiling who protects its resources for the
- a sea serpent goddess from Bicolano and Visayan local people. Some say she falls in love with
stories. Once a beautiful goddess, she became a men who wander into her forest, while others
serpent after being rejected by the seven moons warn that those who litter may get lost until
and swallows them, causing lunar eclipses. they clean up.
Priestesses perform rituals to persuade her to
release the moons. The Legend of Kanlaon
- Kanlaon Mountain in Negros is named after
Tikbalang Laon, a hero who defeated a seven-headed
- It has a human body with a horse's head and lives
snake that was causing trouble. For his
in the mountains. It is known for leading travelers off
their paths. If it rains while the sun shines, people bravery, Laon was allowed to marry the King’s
believe a Tikbalang is getting married. daughter, Prinsesa Talisay.

Manananggal The Legends of Sarimanok

- a vampire-like creature that can split its body in half, - The sarimanok is a legendary bird from
growing wings to hunt. To defeat it, you need to find Mindanao that symbolizes good luck,
its lower half and put salt or crushed garlic on it to especially among the Maranao people. One
keep the two parts from joining again. popular story tells of Sari, a beautiful princess
who was taken by a prince disguised as a
Aswang glowing chicken on her birthday.
- The Aswang can take many forms, from a monster
to a vampire or even a friendly neighbor who
becomes scary at night. It represents fear and the
unknown in various Filipino stories.

Siyokoy
- a mythical sea creature with a human upper body
and a fish lower body. It lives near the coast and
can be dangerous to sailors, sometimes dragging
them underwater or causing storms.

Tiyanak
 1. Filipino cuisine centres around the
combination of sweet (tamis), sour (asim), and
salty (alat), although in Bicol, the Cordilleras
and among Muslim Filipinos, spicy (anghang)
FILIPINO CUISINE is a base of cooking flavor.
Philippine cuisine is rich and diverse,
influenced by 300 years of Spanish colonization, 2. Counterpoint is a feature in Philippine cuisine which
American rule, and interactions with Malayan and normally comes in a pairing of something sweet with
Chinese cultures. This blend creates a unique mix of something salty, and results in surprisingly pleasing
flavors and cooking styles that reflect the country’s combinations
history.
 Champorado (a sweet cocoa rice porridge),
being paired with tuyo (salted, sun-dried fish)
HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE CUISINES  Dinuguan (a savory stew made of pig's blood
1. Negritos and innards), paired with puto (sweet,
- The Negritos, the first inhabitants of the stearned rice cakes)
Philippines, were nomadic hunter-gatherers  Unripe fruits such as mangoes (which are only
who primarily subsisted on wild tubers, slightly sweet but very sour), are eaten dipped
seafood, and game. in salt or bagoong
 Cooking and eating in the Philippines has
2. Pre-Colonial Period traditionally been an informal and communal
- Before Spanish colonization, the Philippines affair centered around the family kitchen.
engaged in significant trade with China,
leading to the establishment of Chinese 1. Filipino tradionally eat three main meals a day: Agahan
outposts in coastal cities. This trade or Almusal, Tanghalian and Hapunan, Merienda
introduced rice noodles, which became a key (snacking is normal)
ingredient in pancit, and egg rolls, known 2. Due to the Western influence, food is often using
locally as lumpia. flatware- forks, knives, spoon.
3. Traditional way of easting is with the hands, especially
3. Spanish Colonial Period dry dishes such as inihaw or prito.
- Spanish culinary techniques influenced
Filipino cooking, introducing methods such as REGIONAL DISHES
sofrito, sausage-making (longganisa, similar
to chorizo), and bread baking, resulting in LUZON
locally adapted dishes like empanadas, - In Northern Luzon, cooking method is simple:
paellas, tortas (omelettes), and tamales. vegetables are usually steamed or boiled.
- While in Central Luzon, cooking is marked by
4. American Colonial Period elaborate preparation and clever combination
- The American presence brought fast food to of many different ingredients in a single dish.
the Philippines, introducing items like hot - Southern Luzon the people have a strong
dogs, hamburgers, ice cream, and American- preference for fresh water fish.
style fried chicken, along with convenience
foods such as Spam, corned beef, instant Ilocos : Pinakbet and Bagnet
coffee, and evaporated milk. Spam has since Pampanga: Sisig and Kare- Kare
become a popular breakfast item, often paired
with garlic fried rice. Bicol: Bicol Express and Laing

5. Contemporary Period VISAYAS

- Filipino cuisine is continually evolving as new
cooking techniques, styles, and ingredients - The region is noted for dried salted seafood
are introduced. Traditional dishes, both simple Visayan, cooking tends to be salty because of
and complex, coexist with modern its dried salted foods and the liberal use of
international dishes and fast food; however, guinamos
the Filipino diet tends to be higher in total fat,
saturated fat, and cholesterol compared to Cebu: Lechon Cebu and Danggit
other Asian diets.
Iloilo: La Paz Batchoy and Kansi
Negros Occidental: Chicken Inasal and Piaya
METHOODS FOR FOOD PREPARATION
 Boiling MINDANAO
 Steaming - Mindanao, the southernmost region of the
 Roasting Philippines, has a cuisine that is deeply influenced
 Frying by the island’s diverse cultures, including
 Grilling indigenous Moro and Muslim communities. The use
of spices, coconut milk, and a variety of meats and
CHARACTERISTICS OF FILIPINO CUISINE seafood defines its rich culinary traditions.
  Encantadia- GMA
Zamboanga: Curacha and Satti  DARNA 2005& 2009 GMA
 May Bukas Pa ABSCBN
Davao: Sinuglaw and Durian- based Dishes
 Pilipinas Game KNB- ABSCBN
Maranao Cuisine: Piaparan and Palapa  Wowowee ABSCBN

2010- Present
PHILIPPINE TELEVISION & POPULAR MOVIES  It’s Showtime ABSCBN
 Maria Clara at Ibarra GMA
 Mark Antolin Viray gained control of ABS-CBN  FPJ Ang Probinsyano ABSCBN
through Judge Antonio Quirino, who faced licensing  FPJ Batang Quiapo ABSCBN
issues; ABS-CBN launched its first telecast in 1953,
significantly impacting the Philippine television Cinema
industry. - Beginning in the 1930s, the early years of
Philippine cinema were a period of film's
discovery as a fresh medium for artistic
 The Sinag Awards (1975-1978) were presented by expression. Film scripts and characterizations
the Philippine Academy for Television Arts and were inspired by Philippine literature and
Sciences; the Star Awards for Television is the popular theater.
country's longest-running TV award, given by the
Philippine Movie Press Club. History of Cinema
- back to 1897, when a Spanish theater owner
 Cable television was privatized in 1988, leading to began showing foreign motion pictures. The
the establishment of Sky Cable in 1990; Dream Philippine film industry became more aware of
Satellite TV launched in 2001 as the first direct- reality in the 1940s because to Philippine
broadcast satellite service until 2017. cinema. Films with a nationalistic theme
gained popularity, and themes centered
Popular Philippine Television Programs And Teleserye
mostly on bravery and combat were well-liked
50’s by Filipino viewers.
 Tawag ng Tanghalan- ABSCBN
- In the Philippines, independent or alternative
 Student Canteen- GMA ARTS
film first appeared in the 1980s. Drama, adult
60’s comedy, action, and teen-focused romantic
 Mga Bayani ng Kalawakan-ABSCBN comedies became more and more popular in
 Hiwaga sa Bato- ABSCBN the 1990s.
 Larawan ng Pag-ibig-ABSCN Popular Philippine Movies during 50’s- Early
 Prinsipe Amante- ABSCBN 2000’s to Present
 Airing of First Man on Moon(1969) ABSCBN
 Miss Universe 1969- ABSCBN
1950S–1960S
70’s  ANAK DALITA (1956)
 Iskol Bukol- IBC13  BIYAYA NG LUPA (1959)
 John En Marsha- RPN9  GENGHIS KHAN (1950)
 Eat Bulaga- RPN9, ABSCBN, GMA,TV5  NOLI ME TANGERE (1961)
 Chika-Chika Chiks- IBC13, ABSCBN
1970S–1980S
80’s  INSIANG (1976)
 Ok Ka Fairy Ko- IBC13  MAYNILA: SA MGA KUKO NG LIWANAG
 Lovingly Yours, Helen- GMA,BBC
(1975)
90’s  BONA (1980)
 Home Along Da Riles- ABSCBN  HIMALA (1982)
 OKI DOKI DOC- ABSCBN
 Mula sa Puso- ABSCBN 1990S
 Esperanza- ABSCBN  HATAW NA (1995)
 Ang Tv- ABSCBN  MAALAALA MO KAYA: THE MOVIE (1994)
 Magandang Gabi Bayan- ABSCBN  MAGIC TEMPLE (1996)
 TGIS- GMA  MURO AMI (1999)
 ASAP- ASBCBN
 Mara Clara- ABSCBN 2000S
 DEKADA '70 (2002)
2000’s  MAGNIFICO (2003)
 Pangako Sayo ABSCBN  ANG PAGDADALAGA NI
 Marina ABSCBN  MAXIMO OLIVEROS (2005)
 Meteor Garden ABSCBN  KUBRADOR (2006)
 Magpakailan Man GMA
 Maynila GMA 2010S-PRESENT
 Pinoy Big Brother- ABSCBN  HENERAL LUNA (2015)
 StarsStruck- GMA
  DIE BEAUTIFUL (2016)  Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos
 KITA KITA (2017) influenced pop culture in the 1970s,
 HELLO, LOVE, GOODBYE (2019) particularly through protest music and socially
relevant films that tackled issues of
oppression.
PHILIPPINE POP CULTURE ICONS 1. Freddie Aguilar
Pop Culture 2. Celeste Legaspi
- a set of beliefs, values, actions, objects, or 3. Lino Brocka
goods and practices that are popular at any
given time and space in society. 1980’s The Golden Age of Philippine Music
 The 1980s saw the birth of Original Pilipino
Cultural icons Music (OPM), with artists exploring folk, pop,
- are recognizable symbols, people, or images and rock genres. The entertainment industry
with great cultural significance, representing flourished with variety shows and iconic
important ideas, places, or historical periods concerts.
for specific groups. 1. APO Hiking Society
2. Sharon Cuneta
Pop culture icons 3. Regine Velasquez
- are larger-than-life figures, such as music
stars or fictional characters, that shape 1970s - 1980s
identities and leave a lasting impact on 1. Vilma Santos - Multi-awarded actress, known
society. Gain widespread admiration across as the “Star for All Seasons.”
various media, often becoming symbols of 2. Eddie Garcia – Veteran actor and director,
cultural values, ideals, and aspirations that known for his versatility in drama and action
resonate globally. films.
3. Sharon Cuneta - Singer, actress, and TV
host, dubbed the “Megastar.”
1950’s Beginnings of Philippine Pop Culture
4. Gary Valenciano – Singer and dancer,
 The 1950s marked the rise of Philippine pop known as “Mr. Pure Energy” for his electrifying
culture, driven by American post-war influence. performances.
Radio and cinema became widespread, 5. Martin Nievera – Balladeer and TV host,
popularizing comedy, romance, and action. dubbed the “Concert King.”
1. Dolphy - Comedy King, famous for his roles 6. Aga Muhlach - Popular actor, known for his
in Filipino sitcoms and movies. boy-next-door charm and dramatic roles.
2. Amalia Fuentes - Actress and producer,
considered one of the most beautiful faces in 1990’s The Rise of Mainstream TV and Boy Bands
Philippine cinema.  The 1990s was the era of variety shows, boy
bands, and the emergence of “love teams” on
television. TV networks produced teleseryes that
1960’s (The Age of Rock and Film) dominated Filipino households.
 Rock music gained momentum during the 1960s, 1. Eraserheads
and local films flourished, inspired by Hollywood. 2. Lea Salonga
 This decade witnessed the demolition of traditional 3. Jolina Magdangal
Filipino gender culture. It is also the year when
Miss. Gloria Diaz wins the first miss universe 2000’s Teleserye Fever Reality TV
Philippines.  The 2000s ushered in a new era of television with
1. Nora Aunor – Actress and singer, became a teleserye fever gripping the nation. Reality TV
superstar in both film and music. shows gained traction, and the influence of foreign
2. Fernando Poe Jr. - Iconic actor, dubbed “The media on local entertainment grew.
King of Philippine Movies.” 1. Bea Alonzo
3. Susan Roces – Actress and “Queen of 2. Sarah Geronimo
Philippine Movies,” known for her elegance. 3. Piolo Pascual
4. Eddie Peregrina
5. Gloria Diaz – first Miss Universe Philippines
6. Amalia Fuentes - Actress and producer, 1990s - 2000s
considered one of the most beautiful faces in 1. Ogie Alcasid - Singer-songwriter and
Philippine cinema. comedian, a prominent figure in OPM.
7. Rogelio de la Rosa – Matinee idol and 2. Judy Ann Santos - Actress, known as the
politician, one of the top leading men of the “Queen of Philippine Soap Operas.”
era. 3. Rico Yan - Actor and model, a popular teen
8. Nida Blanca – Legendary actress known for heartthrob during the ‘90s.
her versatility in drama and comedy. 4. Francis Magalona – Rapper, known as the
“Master Rapper,” pivotal in the rise of Filipino
rap.
5. Maricel Soriano – Actress, known as the
1970’s Martial Law and Protest Music “Diamond Star” for her excellence in acting.
 6. Ariel Rivera – Singer and actor, known for his OVERVIEW OF THE Philippine Beauty Pageant
hit love songs during the 1990s. (50’s - Present)
7. Pops Fernandez – Singer and actress,
dubbed the “Concert Queen.” Philippine Beauty Pageant
 Definition: A contest that showcases the
beauty, talent, and intelligence of participants,
2010’s- PRESENT Social Media Era primarily women, within Filipino culture.
 Social media has transformed how pop culture  Segments: Common segments include
icons are created and consumed. Celebrities swimwear, evening gown, talent
now include influencers, YouTubers, and performances, and interviews.
vloggers, who shape trends through digital  Historical Context: Beauty pageants gained
platforms. popularity in the Philippines during the early
1. Vice Ganda 20th century, introduced by the American
2. Alden Richards colonial government.
3. Kathryn Bernando  Cultural Impact: Draw widespread media
attention and public interest; winners often
become ambassadors for various causes,
2010’s - Present engaging in community service and advocacy.
1. Daniel Padilla – Actor and musician, one of  Global Recognition: Figures like Pia
the most popular heartthrobs. Wurtzbach and Catriona Gray have enhanced
2. Maine Mendoza – Social media personality the Philippines' reputation in the global
and actress, rose to fame with “AlDub.” pageant arena, making these events integral
3. James Reid – Singer and actor, popular for to the nation's social landscape.
his music and TV roles,
4. Ben&Ben – Folk-pop band that gained
widespread popularity with their heartfelt Understanding Philippine Beauty Pageants (1950s
music. - Present)
5. SB19 - P-pop group that achieved
international recognition for their music and 1950s
performances.  Introduction and Tradition: Beauty
6. KZ Tandingan - Singer who blends soul, jazz, pageants gained popularity, with Binibining
and pop, with international recognition. Pilipinas (Miss Philippines) as a prominent
7. IV of Spades – Band that redefined indie and event.
retro-inspired music in the Philippines.  Focus on Looks: Emphasis on physical
8. Liza Soberano – Actress and model, admired beauty; contestants judged on looks, charm,
for her roles and advocacy. and poise through swimsuits and evening
9. Enrique Gil - Actor and dancer, known for his gowns.
on-screen partnership with Liza Soberano.
1960s-1970s
 International Recognition: Gloria Diaz won
the first Miss Universe title for the Philippines
in 1969, boosting interest in pageants.
 Changing Views: Shift toward valuing
intelligence, talent, and public speaking
alongside beauty.

1980s-1990s
 More International Wins: Continued success
with Margie Moran (Miss Universe 1973) and
Melanie Marquez (Miss International 1979).
 More Glamour: Pageants became glamorous
and televised; winners gained celebrity status.
 Inclusivity: Gradual inclusion of diverse
backgrounds and personalities, moving
beyond traditional mestiza beauty.

2000s
 Smart and Socially Aware: Contestants
expected to be articulate and socially
conscious; emphasis on question-and-answer
segments addressing important issues.
 More Diversity: Recognition of contestants
with various skin tones and body types,
challenging traditional beauty standards.
 KAGAN AND BAHAG
2010s-Present  KANGAN: Pre-Spanish attire featuring a
 Global Pageant Powerhouse: The collarless shirt, basis for the barong Tagalog.
Philippines established itself as a leading  BAHAG: Loincloth or G-string worn by men;
nation in beauty pageants, with Miss Universe typically worn without a shirt.
wins by Pia Wurtzbach (2015) and Catriona  Men often adorned with tattoos symbolizing
Gray (2018). warrior strength.
 Advocacy and Causes: Modern beauty  Women wore robe-like dresses or were
queens are expected to advocate for social topless, varying by tribe.
issues, such as Catriona Gray’s promotion of  Fashion included colorful clothing with
HIV awareness and support for environmental intricate beadwork and ornaments.
and social justice causes.  Prior to Spanish influence, Tagalogs wore a
 More Inclusive Pageants: The Philippines Baro, a sleeve-doublet of rough cotton cloth,
has also embraced diversity in its pageants. In collarless with a front opening.
2022, Fuschia Anne Ravena became the first  Social Status Indicators:
transgender Filipina to win Miss International o Red for chiefs and brave warriors.
Queen, showing greater acceptance of the o Black or white for ordinary citizens.
LGBTQ+ community in pageantry.  Tagalogs and Visayans wore Baro and Saya
 Unique Achievement: The Philippines is the made from silk in matching colors; higher-
only country in Asia to have won all four major class women wore this style, while lower-class
international pageants: Miss Universe, Miss women wore simpler versions.
World, Miss International, and Miss Earth.  Baro made from bark fiber.
 Global Ranking: The Philippines ranks 3rd o Women usually wore necklaces and
overall in total crowns earned in these earrings that symbolizes wealth and
pageants, following Venezuela (1st) and the beauty.
USA (2nd).
Spanish Era
 Spaniards dissolved kingdoms and united
various ethnic groups.
 Women’s Fashion:
o Camisa: Hispanicized version of Baro’t
Saya, made of pineapple fiber or
muslin.
o Symbol of Traditional Women: Maria
Clara attire.
 Men’s Fashion:
o Barong Tagalog: Collared and button-
laced shirt or suit.
o Underneath: Camisa de chino (a type
of t-shirt).

American Era
 Initial five years of American colonization saw
little change in fashion.
 Women’s Fashion:
o Traje de mestiza: Modern version of
Maria Clara.
o Featured bigger sleeves, a narrower
floor-length skirt, and a long train
called Saya de cola, replacing the full-
EVOLUTION OF FASHION, TRENDS, AND MUSIC wide skirt.
IN THE PHILIPPINES
1950s
FASHION  Post-war economic rise provided new
 Fashion in the Philippines reflects Filipino opportunities.
culture and history.  Women began wearing floral print dresses
 Influenced by ancestors and colonizers. with fuller knee-length skirts.
 Dress varies for different contexts: home,
work, travel, and special occasions. 1960s
 Clothing choices are influenced by the tropical
 British pop culture influenced fashion in the
climate.
U.S. and the Philippines.
 Colorful woven garments are popular in dry
 Introduction of miniskirts and mini-dresses
and rainy seasons.
(popularized by Mary Quant).
  Hairstyles became bigger and higher, styled
with hairspray. Present
 Filipino fashion trends are largely dictated by
1970s social media and international popular culture.
 Hippie culture led to a revival of vintage
Victorian styles. MUSIC
 Long sleeves, laces, and collars were  The Filipino music is mixed with Asian, Latin
common. American, European, American, and
 Bell-bottom pants gained popularity. indigenous influences.
 Men started growing their hair long, becoming
socially acceptable. INDIGENOUS MUSIC
 Turtlenecks and sweater vests became  Indigenous music is a term for the traditional
trendy. music of the indigenous peoples of the world,
 Mid-1970s saw men wearing t-shirts, denim that is, the music of an "original" ethnic group
jeans, and sweatshirts. that inhabits any geographic region alongside
more recent immigrants who may be greater
1980s in number.
 Power dressing movement led to women
wearing clothes with shoulder pads. GONG MUSIC
 Teenagers embraced neon-colored clothing  It is a cultural music of the Filipinos
and miniskirts returned. characterized by using the main focus: the
 Women often curled their hair. gong.
 Men's fashion shifted to brightly colored t-
shirts or polo shirts with denim jeans for a KULINTANG
casual look.  It refers to the racked gong chime instrument
 Teen boys and girls wore pastel and neon played in the southern islands of the
jackets, shorts, and trendy casual outfits. Philippines alongside with its ensembles.

1990s Hispanic Music Influence

 Fashion became a laid-back version of the  Hispanics greatly influenced Philippine music
1980s. during their occupation.
 Rock music influenced mainstream fashion.  Three main forms introduced: harana,
 Men wore dark, simple, oversized clothes, kundiman, and rondalla.
moving away from the bright colors of the  These forms emerged from a fusion of tribal
previous decade. music and traditional Spanish and Mexican
 Women opted for loose, casual clothing like music.
oversized shirts, denim shorts, and sneakers.
 Men's hairstyles included longer hair, with the Rondalla
"cachupoy" style becoming popular among  Traditional string orchestra consisting of
teenage boys. instruments like banduria and laud.

Harana and Kundiman

2000s  Popular lyrical songs originating from the
Spanish era.
 Fashion was a mash-up of different styles.
 Early 2000s popularized innerwear as 1898
outerwear, like spaghetti strap clothes.  American influence introduced genres like
 Men continued the 1990s hip-hop trend with blues, folk music, R&B, and rock & roll.
cargo pants and oversized t-shirts.  Rock became particularly significant in Filipino
 Mid-2000s saw a return of colorful clothing, popular culture.
including flannel and checkered polos.
 Late 2000s featured diverse styles, such as 1970
Ugg boots with short shorts and t-shirts, or  Freddie Aguilar's “Anak” became a
dresses worn over leggings. commercially successful hit in Asia and
Europe.
2010s  Sharon Cuneta released her first hit, “Mr.
 Early 2010s continued trends from late-2000s DJ.”
fashion while developing a distinct style.
 Rise of social media influenced women's 1990
fashion, leading to Tumblr-inspired clothing.  Rise of the band Eraserheads, leading to the
 Women showed interest in 1960s fashion, emergence of other bands like True Faith,
replicating that style. Yano, Siakol, Teeth, Parokya ni Edgar, and
 Men adopted preppy clothing influenced by Rivermaya.
the British boy band One Direction.
2010
 Emergence of independent singers in the
music scene.