UCSP REVIEW

• Myths- A traditional stories which embodies belief regarding some fact or phenomenon
experience.
• Legend- a traditional story sometimes popularly regarded as historical but
unauthenticated.
• Folk Tale- It is an old story that's been told again and again, often for generations.
- Stories that grew out of the lives and imaginations of the people

Group 1
Myths- THE ORIGIN OF THE THREE RACES
 It is originated in Ifugao
 A CREATION STORY FROM THE CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE
REGION (CAR)
CHARACTERS:
1. Kabunian - God of Ifugaos and Igorots
2. Race of the Black People 
3. Race of the White People 
4. Race of the Brown People
5.
TRADITIONS:
1. Believe in ghosts or ancestral spirits
2. Best known for its traditional arts and crafts
Values: “We should accept, love, and respect one another because we are brothers and sisters
molded from a same clay.”
Legend- Maria Labo
 It originated from Western Visayas, in the province of Capiz.
 From Visayan ethnic group, the Hiligaynon or Panayan people
Labo
- Ilonggo word
- "to slash"
TRADITIONS in the Province of Capiz:
- Family orientation
- Sacrifice and trust
Folk Tale- Si Mariang Mapangarapin
• Originated from Quezon City
Author: Kwentong Bayan
CHARACTERS: Maria
Her Father
Chickens
Her suitor

VALUES: “It is okay to dream, but we have to work hard

for it to be achieved.”
Group 2

Myth- Bakunawa

PLACE OF ORIGIN
 -Bakunawa is believed to be originally a compound word meaning "bent
snake", from Proto-Western-Malayo-Polynesia, Visayas and Bicol regions
of the Philippines.
 -The story of Bakunawa and the Seven Moons was first documented in Mga
Sugilanong Karaan 1913 by Fernando Buyser.
HISTORY
 -Ancient folks believed that during the eclipse, the sea serpent or Bakunawa was trying to
devour the moon that Bathala created. However, the people make deafening noises which
prevent the enormous serpent from its dangerous attempt.
TRADITIONS
 -The tradition in the story is ancient Filipinos would go out of their homes with pans and
pots and would make noise to scare the Bakunawa into spitting out the moon back into
the sky. Some of them play soothing instruments in hopes that the dragon would fall into
a deep sleep.
VALUE
 -The morals of the bakunawa were that love does not always triumph. This lesson is not
applicable to all myths. However, it is still factually correct. The lesson of the story is
that, despite the fact that the bakunawa exacted vengeance on those who set fire to his
beloved's home, he was unable to reunite with his lover and was thereafter banished to
the depths of the sea.
EVIDENCE
 -The Sea Serpent was depicted as an enormous serpent-like dragon that can fly
throughout the sky. There are other myths about why does Bakunawa wanted to eat the
moons, many ancient folks believed that Bakunawa had a sister which is a gigantic turtle
but islanders killed it. Consequently, the Bakunawa decided to eat the 7 moons Bathala
created for humans as a revenge for the death of his sister. However, he was unable to eat
all of them because humans ceased him.

Folk Tale- THE PHILIPPINE CINDERELLA
( ABADEHA )
TRADITIONS
 -The tradition in the story is first when the father of Abadeha married again, and the
second is the arrange marriage practices.
VALUE
 -The moral of the story is that kindness is important because Abadeha is a kind and
hardworking woman who endured violence from her stepmother until one day she
became princess by removing the cursed ring from the prince's finger because she asked
Bathala for help and the Spirit of the Forest heard her cries for help and helped her.
 ABADEHA AND THE SON OF THE CHIEFTAIN

 Sue Prado and Lauren Novero depicted the two characters in “The Philippine Cinderella”
which is Abadeha and the son of the chieftain.

LEGEND- INDARAPTRA and SULAYMAN

PLACE OF ORIGIN
 -Author of Indrapatra and saluyman is Bartolome Del Valle and originates on Pulong
Mindanaw.
HISTORY
 An epic story written in Maguindanao that portrays the bravery and leadership of men to
face obstacles for balance and peace. The story represents the culture of native
Maguindanaons which follow Islamic beliefs and practices and they believe in
supernatural beings and sorcery

TRADITIONS
 The tradition in the story was when the king used a sapling and also the arranged
marriage.
VALUE
 Sulayman's attention echoes Indarapatra's concern for his community. It teaches people
that showing love can result in positive outcomes. Indarapatra's concern for Sulayman led
him to the discovery of Sulayman's resurrection, as well as the discovery of other
survivors of the monster's attack, in the story.
Characters: SULAYMAN
PAH
KURITA
SEVEN-HEADED BIRD
INDARAPATRA
TARABUSAW- Tarabusaw is depicted as a man-like monster that devour humans and said that
he could be seen inside the woods. Tarabusaw is the monster that Sulayman fought for a very
long period of time.

GROUP 3
The place of origin, history, customs, traditions,
evidences of the myth that we are going to tackle.
2. The place of origin, history, customs, traditions, value,
evidences of the legend that we are going to tackle.
3. The place of origin, history, customs, traditions, value,
evidences of the folktale that we are going to tackle
LEGEND
INTRODUCTION:
A legend is a genre of folklore
that consists of a narrative
featuring human actions
perceived or believed both by
teller and listeners to have
taken place within human
history. Narratives in this
genre may demonstrate
human values and possess
certain qualities that give the
tale verisimilitude.
BRIEF SUMMARY:
Mount Kanlaon is surrounded
by a variety of myths. A
story states that its vicinity
was home to a nation
ruled by a datu (king or
leader) name Laon. The
volcano was said to be a
former home to a dragon like monster which was
slain by youthful epic hero,
Kan, who was an intimate
friend and lover of Laon
PLACE ORIGIN AND EVIDENCES
Mount Kanlaon is
in the Philippines
on the island of
Visayas.
Specifically in the
Province of Negros
Occidental; Negros
Oriental
HISTORY
The name of Mount
kanlaon came from a
legend about a boy
named Kan and a king
named Laon. Kan, the
boy who slain a 7-
headed dragon and
Laon, the king who is kind
to his people. Kan and
Laon it became Kanlaon.
Bayanihan
- A spirit of unity and
cooperation, especially
among Filipinos.
• Pakikipagsundo/ pagaalay
- A process of exchanging
something (belongings,
wealth, or a person) as a
return of the favor
VALUES
The legend of Mount Kanlaon
taught us the value of courage;
to never let anything or
anyone prevent us from doing
what is right. In real life,
cowardice makes any
situation worst. People that
dare to stand up and act to
provide peace for the
betterment of the general
create a lot of differences.
Palabra de Honor
- A Spanish term
which means “Word of
Honor.
MYTH
INTRO:
Myth is a folklore
genre consisting of
narratives that play a
fundamental role in
society, such as
foundational tales of
origin myths.
BRIEF SUMMARY:
The city is said to be located in
the province of Samar. It is also
designated as
a barangay of Pagsanghan,
Samar and Gandara, Samar.
According to the local folklore,
the population of Biringan
comprises supernatural beings:
the Engkantos ("enchanted
beings"), and their progeny with
the humans.
Potenciana
Bordallo’s
Story:
HISTORY:
Biringan is
a mythical city that is
said to invisibly lie
between Gandara, Tara
ngnan,
and Pagsanghan in Sa
mar province of
the Philippines.
VALUES:
Do not eat
the food
given to you
by others.
FOLKTALE:
INTRO:
1 of the 3 main
islands of the
Philippines. It is
located between the
Island of Luzon and
Mindanao.
PLACE AND ORIGIN,EVIDENCES:
The Sun and the Moon
came from Visayas, 1 of
the 3 main islands of the
Philippines. It is located
between the Island of
Luzon and Mindanao.
Visayas is known for its 3
languages: Waray,
Cebuano, and Hiligaynon.
CULTURE:
Festivals
• Sinulog Festival in Cebu
• Maskara Festival in Bacolod
• Ati-atihan Festival in Aklan.
• Visayan religion was a complex
set of rituals and belief systems
that directed people's lives. They
believed that heavenly bodies
such as the moon and stars were
sacred.
BRIEF OF SUMMARY:
Once, the Sun and the moon were
married. They shared a home in the sky.
When the Moon left to collect vegetables
from the jungle, she asked the Sun to
guard their sleeping children. She also
warned him to stay a safe distance away
from the babies, since his heat would
burn them. The Sun kept a close watch
over the children. But he was overcome
with affection for them and wanted to
kiss them goodnight. He forgot the
Moon’s warning, leaned over the children,
and they melted beneath him.
VALUES:
Our actions, or
failure to act, can
have a lasting
impact on our
surroundings and
the individuals
around us.

GROUP 4

MYTHS- BERNARDO CARPIO

• originated in the municipality of Rodriguez, formerly known and still commonly
known as Montalban in Rizal, Philippines.

TRADITION, CULTURES AND CUSTOMS (MONTALBAN, RIZAL)

• Art capital of the Philippines
• They are CREATIVE people so they are called the "cradle of national art"
• Angono alone has more than 500 painters
• Majority of the population practice Roman Catholicism
• Feasts are celebrated
• Known for being godly
• Hospitality
VALUES- BERNARDO CARPIO
• Be not deceived
• always think before you act

LEGENDS- THE LEGEND OF MARIANG SINUKUAN

• originated from mount arayat in Pampanga

TRADITION, CULTURES AND CUSTOMS (ARAYAT, PAMPANGA)

• Kapampangan cuisine is the foremost and purest of all Filipino cuisines
• Culinary Capital of the Philippines
• Penitensya
• Pagmamano
• Sociable
• Humble

VALUES- THE LEGEND OF MARIA SINUKUAN

• Stop being greedy instead;
• learn to be satisfied for whatever you have
• learn to appreciate kindness

FOLKTALES- Sina adlaw at bulan

• The folktale of adlaw at bulan was originated from the ethnic group “tingguiian” from
the upland province of Abra in Luzon

TRADITION, CULTURES AND CUSTOMS

• The tradition of courting and requesting a woman's hand continues to remain present
and well.
• Still uses the ancient method of cooking.
• They also value ancient objects.

VALUES- Sina adlaw at bulan

• Always think of the consequences of the decisions you will make.
• Don’t let your anger ruin your family