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“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”

IS 3025-53 (2003): Methods of Sampling and Test (Physical

and Chemical) for Water and Wastewater, Part 53: Iron [CHD
32: Environmental Protection and Waste Management]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता ह”

है”
ह
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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 F--

1
IS 3025 (Part 53): 2003

mm

w17T 53*

(m -p8wl)
.

Indian Standard
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL) FORWATERAND WASTEWATER
PART 53 IRON

(First Revision )

ICS 13.060.50

Q BIS 2003
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

Febniary 2003 Price Group 3

- ~,=.
.. .
Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee, CHD 32

FOREWORD
This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized
by the Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical
Division Council.
Pollution caused by substances, on which biotic and abiotic agencies of decomposition are ineffective, is a
unique type of pollution. Toxic trace elements and heavy metals come under the category of non-degradable
pollutants. The problem caused by these elements is in fact due to their concentration in the environment in the
bio-available state and above a certain concentration become harmful to the living organism.
Iron (Fe) is naturally abundant in earth’s crust. Amount of iron available in soluble from depends upon the
concentration of the complex forming ions, pH and oxidation conditions. In the absence of the complex forming
ions, ferric iron is not significantly soluble unless thepH is very low. Oxygenated surface waters seldom contain
more than 1 mg/1 of iron. Ground waters and the surface waters which are acidic, may, on the other hand,
contain considerably more iron. In water samples, iron may be present, as free hydrated ions, in the form of
organic/inorganic complex ions, in a colloidal state or as relatively coarse suspended particles. Iron in water
can cause staining of laundry and porcelain. A bitter sweet astringent taste is imparted to the drinking water at
levels above 1 mg/1 of iron. Iron appears to be an essential element for all organisms — both plant and animals.
In animals iron is found in many important proteins, major functions of these proteins are in oxygen storage
and transport and electron transport.
As per IS 10500:1991 ‘Drinking water specification (first revision)’, the permissible limits of iron in drinking
water is 0.3 mg/1, Max. Beyond this limit, taste/appearance are affected, has adverse effect on domestic uses and
water supply structures, and promotes iron bacteria.
In view of the environmentally prevalent nature of iron (Fe) compounds in levels should be closely monitored to
avoid any likelihood of toxicity caused by this element.
The technical committee responsible for the formulation of IS 3025:1964 had decided to revise the standard
and publish it as separate parts.This standard supersedes 32 of IS 3025:1964.
[n the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance is derived from ‘Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater’, 19th Edition-1995, published by the American Public Health Association, Washington,
U.S.A.
The spectrometric method for determination of total dissolved iron and total (both dissolved and undissolved)
iron using 1,10 phenanthroline are technically equivalent to 1S0 6632: 1988 ‘Water quality — Determination
of iron —— Spectrometric method using 1,10 phenanthroline’.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard is given at Annex A.
In reporting the result of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value, observed or
calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical
values (revised)’.

,. *,,,,,,-e.
 IS 3025 (Part 53) :2003

Indian Standard
METHODS OF SAMPLING AND TEST (PHYSICAL AND
CHEMICAL) FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER
PART 53 IRON

( First Revision)
1 SCOPE concentrated nitric acid (2 ml of cone nitric acid in
1 litre sample, just to bring down the pH below 2).
1.1 This standard prescribes two methods for the
The acidified samples can be stored for a few days (up
determination of iron:
to 5 days) in a refrigerator.
a) 1,10 phenanthroline method, and
Iron in water may vary in concentration and form with
b) Atomic absorption method. duration and degree of flushing when taking a sample.
1.2 Depending upon the concentration range and Shake bottle vigoroulsy to obtain uniform suspension
interference levels, choice of the method is made. of precipitated iron. Use particular care for when
colloidal iron addheres to the sampling bottle. The
2 REFERENCES problem is more accute with plastic bottle.
The standards listed below contain provisions which 5 PURITY OF THE REAGENTS
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this standard . At the time of publication, the editions Unless specified otherwise, only pure chemicals and
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to iron free distilled water shall be used in tests.
revision and parties to agreements based on this NOTE — ‘Pure chemicals’ shall mean chemicals that do not
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility contain impurities which affect the result of analysis.
of applying the most recent editions of the standards.
6 1,10 PHENANTHROLINE METHOD
IS No. Title
3025 (Part 1) : Methods of sampling and test 6.1 Principle
1987 (physical and chemical) for water
‘Iron in the solution is reduced to the ferrous state by
and wastewater : Part 1 Sampling
boiling with hydrochloric acid and hydroxylamine, and
(@l revision)
treated with 1,10 phenanthroline at pH to 3.3. Three
7022 (Part 1): Glossary of terms relating to water,
molecules of phenanthroline chelate each atom of
1973 sewage and industrial effluents, Part 1
ferrous iron to form an orange-red complex. The
7022 (Part 2) : Glossary of terms relating to water,
coloured solution obeys Beer’s law. Its colour intensity
1979 sewage and industrial effluents,
is independent of pH from 3 to 9. A pH between 2.9
Part 2
and 3.5 insures rapid colour development in the
3 TERMINOLOGY presence of an excess of phenanthroline. This method
is applicable in the range of 75 to 500 kg/1 of iron.
For the purpose of this standard, definitions given in
IS 7022 (Part 1) and IS 7022 (Part 2) shall apply. 6.2 Interference
Among the interfering substances are strong oxidizing
4 SAMPLING AND STORAGE agents, cyanide, nitrite, and phosphates (polypho-
The sampling shall be done as prescribed in IS 3025 sphates more so than orthophosphates), chromium,
(Part 1). The sampling bottles shall be cleaned zinc in concentrations exceeding 10 times that of iron,
thoroughly with dilute nitric acid (6N), prior to the cobalt and copper in excess of 5 mgfl, and nickel in
final rinsing with water. The water samples should be excess of 2 mg/1. Bismuth, cadmium, mercury,
collected and stored preferably in polypropylene bottle molybdate, and silver precipitate phenanthroline. The
or chemically resistant glass containers. For the initial boiling with acid converts polyphosphates to
determination of dissolved iron content, filtration orthophosphate and removes cyanide and nitrite that
through 0.45 ~m membrane filter, at the time of otherwise would interfere. Adding excess
sampling, is required. The analysis of such samples is hydroxylamine eliminates errors caused by excessive
to be carried out within 24 h of sampling. For concentrations of strong oxidizing reagents. In the
preservation, the samples should be acidified with presence of interfering metals, if noticible amount of
IS 3025 (Part 53): 2003

colour or organic matter is present evaporate the volumetric flask and make upto the mark with water
sample and dissolve the residue in acid Ashing is and mix well (1.0 ml = 10.0 mg of Fe). Pipette 5.0 ml
carried out in silicon, porceline or platinum crucible stock solution into a 1000 ml volumetric flask
that have been boiled for several hours in 6 N HCI. and make upto the mark with water and mix well
Use a larger excess of phenanthroline to replace that (1.0 ml= 1.0 ~g of Fe).
complexed by the interfering metals. The presence of NOTE — Prepare standard iron solutions dail y for use.
excessive amounts of organic matter may necessitate
digestion of sample before extraction of iron. 6.4.8 Diisopropyl Ether

Caution — Diispropyl ether is highly inflammable.

6.3 Apparatus
6.3.1 Spectrophotometer — For use at 510 nm, 6.5 Procedure
providing a light path of 1 cm or longer. 6.5.1 Calibration Curve
6.3.2 Acid-washed Standard Volumetric Glassware Pipette out appropriate portions of standard iron solution
NOTE — Wash id] glasswure with concentrated hydrochloric acid into 125 ml conical flasks to contain from 10 to
(HCI) and rinse with distilled water before use to remove deposits 100 ~g of Fe. For the reagent blank, pipette out 10 ml
of iron oxide.
of water to a separate conical flask. Dilute the contents
of each conical flask to about 50 ml by adding water.
6.4 Reagents
To each flask, add 1 ml NH20H.HC1 solution and 2 ml
6.4.1 Hydrochloric Acid — concentrated (1 lN) cone HC1.Add a few boiling chips and boil the solution
containing less than 0.00005 percent iron. until the volume is reduced to about 20 ml. Cool to room
6.4.2 Hydro.rylamine Solution
temperature and quantitatively transfer to 100 ml
volumetric flasks. Add 10 ml ammonium acetate buffer
Dissolve 10 g of NH20H.HC1 in 100 ml water. This solution first and add 10 ml 1,10 phenanthroline
solution is stable for at least one week, solution to each flask. Dilute to 100 ml with water and
6.4.3 Amtnonium Acetate Buffer Solution
mix thoroughly and allow to stand for 10 to 15 min.
Measure the absorbance of the iron complexes at
Dissolve 250 g NHdC2H~Ozin 150 ml water. Add 510 nm against the reagent blank. Construct a
700 ml glacial acetic acid. Prepare new reference calibration curve by plotting absorbance values against
standards with each buffer preparation. micrograms of iron in 100 ml of the final solution.
6.4.4 Sodium Acetate Solution 6.5.2 Determination of Total Iron
Dissolve 200 g NaC2H~02.3Hz0 in 800 ml water. If the sample contains an excessive amount of organic
matter, then sample is digested with HN03 and H2S04
6.4.5 1,10 Phenanthroline Solution
and the iron present is separated by extraction process
Dissolve 100 mg 1,10 phenanthroline monohydrate, as described under. (In the absence of organic matter
C1zH,#~.H~O,in 100 ml water, by stirring and heating total iron contents, is determined as described
to 8tYC. Do not boil. Discard the solution, if it darkens. in 6.5.5.)
Heating is not necessary if 2 drops cone HC1are added
6.5.3 HN03 -H#04, Digestion
to the water. This solution is stable for at least one
week. Transfer a suitable volume of the homogenized sample
NOTE — One millilitre of this reagent is sufficient upto 100 Kg to a beaker. (Sample volume depends upon the
of Fe. expected Fe content. If the expected Fe concentration
is of the order of 1 mgfl, the sample volume will be
6.4.6 Stock Iron Solution
about 800 ml. If Fe concentration is between 10 to
Add carefully and with constant stirring 20 ml cone 100 mg/1,about 100 ml sample will be required.) Add
H,SOt to 50 ml water contained in 250 ml beaker 5 ml cone HNO~ and a few boiling chips to both the
(c~oled in ice water) and dissolve 1.404 g Fe (NHJ2 solutions. Heat to boil the solutions, and concentrate
(SOJz.6H20. Add O.lN potassium permanganate carefully on a hot plate to lowest possible volume, if
(KMnOJ drop wise until a faint pink colour persists. required cool the solutions and transfer quantitatively,
Transfer quantitatively to a 1000 ml volumetric to two separate beakers of smaller size (say 150 ml
flask and make upto the mark with water and mix beaker). Add 5 ml cone HN03 and 10 ml cone H2SOA
(1.0 ml = 200 ~g of Fe). to each of these. Heat up to the evolution of dense
white fumes of SOS.If the solution is not clear add
6.4.7 Standard Iron Solutions
5 ml HN03 and re-heat until a clear solution (no
Pipette out 50.0 ml stock solution into a 1000 ml evolution of brown fumes) rest.dts. Cool, transfer

2
 IS 3025 (Part 53): 2003

quantitatively to a 100 ml volumetric flask. Dilute up 6.6 Calculation

to the mark with water, and mix well. Use this solution
6.6.1 Soluble Iron (Direct Determination without the
for extraction of iron as described in 6.5.3.
Digestion Step)
6.5.4 Extraction of Iron Vg of Fe (in 100 ml of the final solution)
mgofFe/1 =
Pipette out a portion of the solution obtained from v
acid digestion, containing 10 to 100 ~g of iron in a where
separator funnel. Add about 25 ml of cone HCI to
V = Volume in ml of the sample used.
this. Mix and allow to cool to room temperature.
Extract the iron from the HC1solution in the separator 6.6.2 Total Iron (When the Digestion is Carried Out)
funnels by shaking with 25 ml of diisopropyl ether.
~g of Fe (in 100ml of the finalsolution)~lm
Draw off the lower HC1 layer into another separator mgofFe/1 =
funnel; extract both again with 25 ml of diisopropyl yxv2
ether. Continue the extraction process three times.
where
Separate the acid layer and discard it. Transfer the
combined ether layer to the original separator funnel. V[ = volume in ml of the sample used, and
Shake the ether layer with 25 ml water; and transfer Vz = total volume in ml of digested solution
the aqueous layer to a 100 ml volumetric flask. Repeat used for Fe determination.
the extraction of the ether layer with a second 25 ml 6.6.3 Precision and Accuracy -~
portion of water, and transfer the aqueous layer to the ,
volumetric flask. Use this solution for colour/ Precision and accuracy of this method depends upon
development, as described in 6.5.4.2. Prepare a reagent the methods of sampling, methods of colour
blank using a volume of water equal to that of the measurements (visual colourimetry or spectro-
sample solution. photometry), the Fe concentration and the presence
of interfering colour, turbidity and foreign ions. The
6.5.5 Colour Development and Measurement
relative standard deviation reported in the literature
6.5.5.1 Soluble iron (for filtered sample direct for iron in the 300 ~g/1 concentration range is
determination) 25.5 percent.
Pipette out a portion of filtered sample (filtered through 7 ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD (DIRECT)
0.45 ~m membrane filter), containing 50-60 Kgof iron
in 150 ml conical flask. Dilute the contents of conical 7.1 Principle
flask to about 50 ml by adding water. Add 1 ml
NH, OH.HC1 solution and 2 ml cone HC1. Add a few The iron content of the sample is determined by atomic
boifing chips and boil the solution until the volume is absorption spectrophotometry. For dissol ved iron, the
reduced to about 20 ml. Cool to room temperature and filtered sample is directly aspirated to the atomizer.
quantitatively transfer to 100 ml volumetric flasks. For total recoverable iron, HNO~-HzSOd digestion is
Add 10 ml ammonium acetate buffer solution first and to be earned out prior to aspiration of the sample. ‘Ilk
add 10 ml 1,10 phenanthroline solution to each flask. method is applicable in the 0,1 to 10 mg/1 range.
Dilute to 100 ml with water and mix thoroughly and However, the concentration range will vary with the
allow to stand for 10 to 15 min. Measure the sensitivity of the instrument used.
absorbance of the iron complexes at 510 nm against
the reagent blank. 7.2 Interferences

6.5.5.2 For samples after digestion and extraction Interferences of cobalt, copper, nickel can be controlled
by using a very lean (hot) flame. Silicons depressed
Add 1 ml of NH20H.HC1 solution, add 10 ml the iron response, and can be overcome by the addition
ammonium acetate buffer solution and then add
of 0.2 percent calcium chloride.
10 ml 1,10 phenanthroline solution to each flask.
Ten ml of phenanthroline solution in to the volumetric 7.3 Apparatus
tlasks containing extracted iron (see 6.5.2 and 6.5.3).
Dilute to 100 ml with water, mix thoroughly and allow 7.3.1 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer with air-
to stand for 10 min. Measure the absorbance of the acetylene flames. Multi-element hollow-cathode lamp
iron-complex at 510 nm against the reagent blank or electrodeless discharge lamp for use at 248.3 nm.
prepared in an identical manner (using water instead
7.4 Reagents
of the sample solution). Determine micrograms of iron
in the solution from the absorbance reading, by 7.4.1 Hydrochloric Acid — concentrated (11 N)
referring to the calibration curve. and dilute to 1:1.

3
IS 3025 (Part 53) :2003

7.4.2 Nitric Acid — concentrated (16N) and dilute Add 0.5 ml of cone nitric acid to a suitable volume of
(1 : 499). the sample taken (or the solution obtained after
digestion, which contains 50 to 60 pg iron) in a 100 ml
7.4.3 Sulp/zuric Acid — concentrated ( 36 N).
volumetric flask. Make upto the mark. Transfer the
7.4.4 Calcium Chloride Solution contents of the volumetric flask to a 150 ml beaker.
Dissolve 630 mg CaCOJ, in 50 ml of 20 percent VIV Add 25 ml CaC12solution to this. Prepare a reagent
HC1. If required, boil gently to obtain complete blank with 100 ml water. Rinse the nebulizer by
solution. Cool and dilute to 1 000 ml with water. aspirating water containing 1.5 ml cone HNO#.
Aspirate the reagent blank and carry out zero
7.4.5 Stock Iron Solution adjustment. Aspirate the sample solution and measure
Dissolve 0.100 g of iron wire in a mixture of 10 ml 1:1 the absorbance at 248.3 nm. Determine micrograms
HCI and 3 ml of cone HNO~and dilute to 1000 ml with of iron in the solution from the absorbance reading,
water in a volumetric flask (1.0 ml = 100 pg of Fe). by referring to the calibration curve.

7.5 Procedure 7.6 Calculation

7.5.1 Calibration Curve 7.6.1 Soluble Iron (Direct Determination without the
Digestion Step)
Prepare sufficient standard solutions containing
Oto 60 pg/1 of iron by diluting suitable volumes of
~g of Fe (in 100 ml of the final solution)
standard iron solution with nitric acid (1 : 499) to mg Fe/l =
100 ml in volumetric flasks. Transfer the contents of v
the volumetric flasks to 150 ml beakers. Add 25 ml of where
CaCl, solution to each of the volumetric flasks. Prepare
a retigent blank using 10 ml of water in a similar V = volume in ml, of the sample used.
manner. Aspirate the reagent blank and carry out zero 7.6.2 Total Iron (When the Digestion is Carried Out)
adjustment. Aspirate sequentially the standard
solutions and measure the absorbance at 248.3 nm. ~g of Fe (in 100 ml of the final solution) ~1~
Construct a calibration curve by plotting absorbance mgFe/1=
~xv2
values against micrograms of Fe in 100 ml final
volume. Ensure that the calibration curve is linear, where
make the necessary changes in the volume of the
Vi = volume in ml of the sample used, and
standard solution used. (Increase in the final volume
due to the CaClz solution is not to be considered for Vz = total volume in ml of the digested solu-
calculation of micrograms of Fe.) tion used for Fe estimation,
7.6.3 Precision and Accuracy
7.5.2 Determination of Iron
The relative standard deviation reported in the
For the determination of dissolved iron content, filter
literature for Fe in the 300 p#l concentration range
the sample through 0.45 pm membrane filter. For total
is 16.5 percent.
recoverable iron, digest the sample with HNOJ-H2SOq
(set 6.5.2).

4
 IS 3025 (Part 53) :2003

ANNEX A

(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION

Environment Protection and Waste Management Sectional Committee, CHD 32

Organization Representative(s)
Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi SHRIDnx BISWAS(Chairman)

Automotive Research Association of India, Prme REFRESEWATtVE

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai DR S. SADASHWAN

DR T. N. MAHADEVEN(Alterrrafe)

Bhamt Heavy Electrical Limited, Haridwar DR N. G. SHRIVASTAVA

Cement Manufacturers’ Association, New Delhi DR K. C. NARANG

Central Fuel Research Institute, Dhanbad DR GULAB!hNoH .

DR L. C. RANE (Alfemate)

Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai DR S. RAJAMANt

Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur REPRESEhTATNE

Centml Mining Research Institute, Dhanbad DR B. K. TEWARY

Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi DR S. D. MAKHtJANt

DR C. S. SHARMA(Alternate)

Confederation of Indian Industries (CH), New Delhl SHRtA. K. GHOSE

SHRtR. P. SHARMA(Alternate)

Department of Industrial Policy& Promotion, New Delhi -ENTA?WE

Department of Science& Technology (TIFAC), New Delhi -EtWAllVE

Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institute, Smrt S. S. GAUIAM
Mumbai SHRtM. R. RAJPtrr (Ahemafe)

DircctorMe General of Health Services, New Delhi DR (SHRtMAm)MAoHuRtSHARMA

Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SHRIB. B. LAL

Envirotech Instruments Private Limited, New Delhi SHIURAKESHAGARWAL
SHRIRAIENDRAPRASAO(Alrerrrafe)
Food Research & Analysis Centre, New Delhi DR S. K. SAKENA
DR R. PRABHAKARAN(Alternate)

Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Ahmedabad KUMARtP. S. SHAH

Hinduskur Lever Limited, Mumbai SHRtB. B. DAVE

(Alternate)
SHRtAOtTVAJHAVAR

Indian Chemied Manufacturers’ Association, Mumbti SHRIV. N. DAS

SHRIA. A. pANJwAN (Altemare)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi l@uEsWAWi2
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi SHRIH. N. SAtYAD
Indian Institute of Packaging, Mumbai SHRIS. C. ADAK
1PCL, Vadodwa SHRtP. VUAYRAGHAVAN
DR J. D. DFSA[ (Altemare 1)
SHRIH. K. DUBEY (Alremare II)
Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow &7WWtWATNE
Ministry of Defencce (R&D), DRDO, New Delhi -EWATSVE
Ministry of Environment and Forests,’New Delhi -ENTA~
Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Research, New Delhi SHRt* KGMARVARSHW3Y
Ministry of Urban Development, New Delhi REPRFSEhTATIVE
Municipal Corporation of Delhi, New Delhi I?EPR13~ATtvE
Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai, Mumbai I@RFXtWATtVE
National Institute of Occupational Health (ICMR), Ahmedabad DR D. J. PARIKH
DR T. S. PATEL(Alternate)

(Contiuued on page 6)

..,. .....-=
 I

IS 3025 (Part 53) :2003

(Comimdfmrrt page 5)

Organization Representative

National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur DR V. L PANDIT

DR TAPASNANDY (Alternate I)
DR A. V. SHEKDAR(Alrernate II)

Ntttintd Organic Chemical Industries fJmited, Mumbai SHRIB. K. CHOPRA

SHRiB. V. BAPAT(Alternate)

N~timud Productivity Council, New Delhi SHRIR. C. MONGA

DR A. K. SAXENA(Alternate)

Naiiomd Thcrnusl Power Corporation L[mited, New Delhi IWRt3ErWA~VE

NCC3M, New Delhi [email protected]~E
Pesticides Association of India, New Delhi SHRIP. N. PARMFSHAWARAN
Shrimm institute of Industrial Research, New Delhi -i3TATlVE

SGS Irrdin Limited, Chennai SHRIS. IWI

Standardization Testing and Quality Certification Directorate, New Delhi I@RE5EN7ATtVE

S@l Aulhority of India Limited, New Delhi & hdEWW5Hl-R

SHRIJ. KUMAR(Alternate I)
DR V. M. SHAHSTRt(Alremate U)
The Fertilizer Association of India, New Delhi IX (SHRtMAm)B. SWAMSNATHAH
Dit S. NAND(Alferrsafe)
Thcrmax Limited, Pune REQWsmTmvtt
BIS Directomte General SHRIS. K. CHAUOHURL Director& Hoa#(CJ4D)
[Representing DirectorGeneral (Ex-qficia)]

Member Secretary
SHRIN. K. Pm
Director (CHD), BIS

-. .,-’, .-.
Bureau of Indian Standards

BIS is a statutory institution established under the Bureau of Indian Standards Act, 1986 to promote
harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

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without the prior permission in writing of BIS. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of
implementing the standard, of necessary details, such as symbols and sizes, type or grade designations.
Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publications), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also reviewed
periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that no changes are
needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users of Indian Standards
should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or edition by referring to the latest issue of
‘BIS Catalogue’ and ‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc : No. CHD 32 (1012).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

Amend No. Date of Issue Text Affected

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.. ,..,,,.~