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    Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation

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    Board Exam Reviewer for Criminal Investigation

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    Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation

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    Board Exam Reviewer for Criminal Investigation

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    Board Exam Reviewer for Criminal Investigation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views8 pages

    Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation

    Uploaded by

    DELTA
    Board Exam Reviewer for Criminal Investigation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Home Criminalistics L.E.A. Law Crime Detection Criminal Sociology Correction Blog more...

    CRIMINOLOGY BOARD EXAM REVIEWER

    Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation

    Investigation ­ an inquiry, judicial or otherwise for the discovery and


    collection of facts concerning the matters involved.
    ­ it is the process of inquiring, eliciting, soliciting
    and getting vital information, facts, circumstances in order to establish
    the truth.

    Criminal Investigator ­ a public safety officer who is tasked to


    conduct the investigation of all criminal cases as provided for and
    embodied under the revised penal code, criminals laws and special
    laws which are criminal in nature.
    ­ a well trained, disciplined and
    experienced professional in the field of criminal investigation.

    Custodial Investigation ­ investigation conducted by law


    POWERED BY
    enforcement officers after a person has been arrested or deprived of
    his freedom of action.
    Neighborhood Investigation ­ one of the most crucial steps in
    kidnap for ransom cases which is often overlooked. The objective is to
    identify and interview in person all individuals in the area where the
    victim was kidnapped or last known sighting area during the window
    of opportunity.(last time seen until the time discovered missing.

    Crime scene ­ a venue or place where the alleged


    crime/incident/event has been committed.

    Corpus delicti ­ (latin for the body of the crime) ­ used to describe
    the physical or material evidence that a crime has been committed.
    ex. corpse of a murder victim.
    Confession ­ is an express acknowledgement by the accused in a
    criminal prosecution of the truth of his guilt as to the offense charge.

    Admission ­ refers to statement of facts not directly constituting an


    acknowledgement of guilt.

    Organized criminal group ­ a structured group of three or more


    persons existing

    for a period of time and acting in concert with the aim of committing
    one or more serious crime or offenses.

    Organized crime ­ a combination of two or more persons who are


    engaged in a criminal or virtual criminal activity on a continuing basis
    for the purpose of profit or power using gangland style to attain their
    purpose.

    Physical evidence ­ evidenced addressed to the senses of the court


    that are capable of being exhibited, examined or viewed by the court.
    This includes but not limited to fingerprints, body fluid, explosives,
    hazardous chemicals, soil/burned debris, bombs, electronic parts used
    in the commission of the crime.

    Victimology/victim profiling ­ a detailed account of the victims


    lifestyle and personality, assist in determining the nature of the
    disappearance, the risk level of the victim and the type of person who
    could have committed the crime. Complete information regarding the
    victims physical description, normal behavior patterns, the family
    dynamics and known friends and acquintances should be obtained as
    soon as possible.

    Miranda vs. Arizona ­ Ernesto Miranda had confessed to rape and


    kidnapping, after two hour interrogation. Because the interrogators
    failed to inform Miranda of his right to counsel and remain silent, his
    conviction was overturned.

    Waterboarding ­ refers to the practice of strapping a suspect to a


    board with his or her head lowered, then the face is covered and
    water is poured over it causing the suspect to gag and experience the
    sensation of drowning.

    Chinese water torture ­ interrogation technique, repeatedly dripping


    Chinese water torture ­ interrogation technique, repeatedly dripping
    water on the forehead of the suspect. The goal is to drive the suspect
    to near insanity thereby obtaining a confession.

    Serial Killer ­ is someone who murders 3 or more people with


    "cooling off" periods in between.

    Police Blotter ­ is an 18" x 12" logbook with hard bound cover that
    contains the daily register of all crime incident reports, official
    summary of arrests and other significant events reported in a police
    station. A separate police blotter shall be maintained for offenses
    requiring confidentiality like violence against women and children and
    those cases involving a child in conflict with the law to protect their
    privacy pursuant to RA 9262 (anti violence against women and
    children act of 2004) and RA 9344 ( juvenile justice and welfare act of
    2006).

    Actus Reus ­ proof that a criminal act has occurred.

    Sketch ­ a rough drawing or painting, often made to assist in making


    a more finished picture.

    Types of Sketches
    1. Floor plan (Birds Eye View)
    2. Elevation Drawing
    3. Exploded View
    4. Respective Drawings

    Allan Pinkerton ­ a Scottish american detective who created the


    Pinkerton National Detective Agency, the first detective agency in the
    US.Pinkerton foiled a plot to assassinate President Lincoln.

    Rouges Gallery ­ is a police collection of pictures or photographs of


    criminals and suspects kept for identification purposes.A compilation
    of descriptions, methods of operation having places and names of
    criminal and their associates.

    Mugshot ­ is a photographic portrait taken after one is arrested.

    Criminal investigation ­ it is the collection of facts in order to


    accomplish the three fold aims:

    3 Fold Aims Of Criminal Investigation


    1. To identify the guilty party
    2. To locate the guilty party
    3. To provide evidence of his guilt

    6 Cardinal points of investigation


    1. What specific offense was committed
    2. How the offense was committed
    3. Who committed it
    4. Where the offense was committed
    5. When it was committed
    6. Why it was committed

    Tools of an investigator in gathering facts


    1. Information ­ data gathered by an investigator and other
    person including the victim himself and from:
    1. public records
    2. private records
    3. modus operandi file
    2. Interview ­ skillful questioning of witness and
    suspects.
    3. Instrumentation ­ scientific examination of real
    evidence, application of instruments and
    method of physical sciences in detecting crime.

    Phases of investigations

    1.Phase 1 ­ identify the suspect through:


    1. confession
    2. eyewitness testimony
    3. circumstantial evidence
    4. associate evidence
    2. Phase 2 ­ locate and apprehend suspect.
    3. Phase 3 ­ gather and provide evidence to
    establish the guilt of the accused.

    Composition/Organization of an investigation team:


    1. Team leader
    2. Investigator/recorder
    3. Photographer
    4. Evidence Custodian
    5. Composite illustrator/Artist

    Equipment of an Investigator
    1. Police line
    2. Video camera
    3. Voice recorder
    4. Camera
    5. Measuring device
    6. Gloves
    7. Flashlight
    8. Fingerprint kit
    9. Evidence bag
    10. Evidence tag
    11. Evidence bottles/vials
    12. Investigators tickler

    Investigators Tickler
    1. Investigators checklist
    2. Anatomical diagram form
    3. Evidence Checklist
    4. Turn­over receipt

    Standard Methods of Recording Investigative Data:


    1. Photographs
    2. Sketching crime scenes
    3. Written notes (what you have seen/observed)
    3. Written notes (what you have seen/observed)
    4. Developing and lifting fingerprints found at the crime scene.
    5. Gathering physical evidence
    6. Plaster cast
    7. Tape recording of sounds
    8. Video tape recording of objects
    9. Written statement of objects and witnesses.

    2 Kinds of Information
    1. Regular sources ­ ex. citizen, company records
    2. Cultivated sources ­ ex. paid informant
    Interrogation or questioning witness or suspect who is reluctant
    to divulge or reveal information with the goal of extracting a
    confession or obtaining information while an Interview is simple
    questioning of a person who cooperate with the investigator.
    How the Suspect is Identified
    1. Confession or Admission ­ is a declaration of an
    accused acknowledging his guilt.
    2. Eyewitness testimony
    3. Circumstantial evidence

    How circumstantial Evidence Obtained


    1. Motive
    2. Opportunity
    3. Associative Evidence

    Types of Interview
    1. Informal (on the scene interview) ­ conducted by
    police/investigator at the crime scene to get
    description of criminal if seen.
    2. Formal ­ interview conducted by the investigator
    assigned to the case.

    Types of Formal Interview


    1. Normal ­ for willing or cooperative witness.
    2. Group/Pretext Interview ­ for hostile witness or
    witness who refuse to cooperate.
    3. Follow Up ­ additional interview in addition to vital
    points if necessary.

    Qualifications of Interviewer
    1. Salesman
    2. Actor
    3. Psychologist

    Requisites of an Interview
    1. Establish rapport
    2. Forcefulness of personality
    3. Breadth of interest

    Setting of Interview
    1. Background Interview ­ time and place of
    interview are not a consideration except for busy
    person.
    2. Routine Criminal Cases ­ interview should be
    carefully planned. Busy person can be interviewed
    at night, privacy is important.
    at night, privacy is important.
    3. Important Criminal Cases ­ should be conducted in
    places other than the subjects home/office to
    prevent him/her feeling confident. Investigator
    should get interviewees respect.
    4. Appropriate Time ­ General rule ­ (ASAP) as soon
    possible while facts are fresh in the memory of
    interviewees.

    Methods of Crime Scene Search


    1. Strip method ­ the area is blocked out in the form
    of a rectangle. The searchers (3 person is good)
    proceed slowly at the same pace along paths
    parallel to one side of the rectangle.
    2. Double Strip Search Method ­ modification of the
    strip search method. The rectangle is traversed
    first parallel to the base then parallel to a side.
    3. Spiral Search Method ­ The searchers (3 person is
    good) follow each other along the path of a spiral
    beginning on the outside and spiraling in towards
    the center.
    4. Zone Search Method ­ one searcher is assigned
    to each subdivision of a quadrant and then each
    quadrant is cut into another set of quadrants.
    5. Wheel Search Method ­ the area is considered to
    be approximately circular. The searchers gather at
    the center and proceed outward along radii or
    spokes. Procedure is repeated several times
    depending on the size of the circle and the number
    of searchers.

    strip search method

    double strip search method

    spiral search method

    zone search method

    wheel search method

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