UHV UNIT V NEW
UHV UNIT V NEW
UHV UNIT V NEW
Introduction
Natural acceptance implies unconditional and total acceptance of the self, people and environment. It also
refers to the absence of any exception from others. Once we fully and truly commit our self on the basis of
natural acceptance, we feel a holistic sense of inner harmony, tranquillity and fulfilment.
Definition
Natural Acceptance is one's innate ability to determine what is right or wrong for themselves without
external conditioning or influences.
Based on our understanding of harmony, we participate in the larger order. Our participation at different
levels is our value. The identification of values is based on realization and understanding. The Value of the
human being is in the form of
I. Behaviour
II. Work
Working with material things, ensuring their right utilization, enrichment and protection is our value.
It results into prosperity for human being and preservation (enrichment, protection and right utilization) of
the rest of nature.
Consolidated List of Human Values
1. In the Self – Continuous happiness- Happiness, Peace, Satisfaction, Bliss
2. In Human Being- with Body- feeling of self-regulation in self, health in body
3. In Human-Human Relationship – Justice
(Established values- trust,… love + expressed values- … compassion)
4. In Human-Rest of Nature Relationship – Prosperity in human being, preservation (enrichment,
protection and right utilization) of rest of Nature
5. In Universal Human Order – participation in different systems -Perseverance, Brevity, Generosity,
Kindness, beneficence, Compassion.
The above feelings are naturally acceptable by the human being only possible through right
understanding only.
Universal Values Naturally Emerging from the Right Understanding
The human beings only need to understand it (and not to create it).
The universal human values are manifestations of the truth of existence, i.e. co-existence, in various
dimensions of human participation in the existential order.
These values are naturally acceptable to all human beings and conducive to human happiness (an
wellbeing of all).
Only our ignorance leads to all the difficulties and confusions in appreciating and inculcating these
universal values.
2. What do you understand by definitiveness of ethical human conduct? Why is this definitiveness
desirable? (Or) What do you mean by definitiveness of ethical human conduct? How can it be
ensured? (Or) What is ethical human conduct? Explain in terms of values, policies and character with
appropriate examples. (Or) what do you mean by definitiveness of ethical human conduct? How can it be
ensured?
Introduction
The right understanding gained through self-exploration also enables us to identify the definitiveness of
human conduct which may also be called the ethical human conduct. It is the same for all human beings.
So we are also able to understand the universality of ethical human conduct which is in consonance with the
universal human values.
Ethical conduct is the foundation of professional ethics it depends on three things, namely
1. Values
2. Policies Values are a part of our ethical conduct
3. Character
Meaning of Ethical Human Conduct
Ethical conduct refers to actions and decisions that are in line with moral principles and values, and that
promote the well-being of individuals and society as a whole.
The definitiveness of ethical human conduct refers to the degree of certainty or agreement about what
constitutes right or wrong behavior.
Definitiveness of ethical Human Conduct can be understood in terms of the following things.
III. Character
I. Values (Mulya) II. Policy (Niti)
(Charitra)
I. Values (Mulya)
Competence of living in accordance with universal human values or the participation of a unit in the larger
order- its natural characteristics or svabhava. The values of a human being can be enumerated as thirty, which
are listed below:
A. Values in self (Jivan Mulya)
1. Happiness (Sukha)
2. Peace (Shanti)
3. Satisfaction (Santosh)
4. Bliss (Ananda):
B. Values in Human - Human Relationship (Sambandh Mulya):
These are the following
Established - Values Expressed – Values
Note:
What we need to have is the established value; the expressed value is a natural outcome.
C. Values of a Human Being in its Participation in Universal Human Order (Manav Mulya):
D. Values of Human Being in the Interaction with the Rest of the Nature (Vastu Mulya
1. Utility Value (Upyogita Mulya)
To prepare a physico-chemical object for nourish and protection
2. Artistic value (Kala Mulya)
To ensure the long lasting utility of the object.
Q3. What do you mean by professional ethics? (Or) What do you mean by competence in professional
ethics? Elaborate with examples. (Or) What do you understand by competence in professional ethics?
Give two examples of its implications in industry.
Introduction
Developing ethical competence in the individual (profession) is the only effective way to ensure
professional ethics. The development of ethical competence is a long term process to be achieved through
appropriate value education.
a. Meaning of Professional ethics: It is to develop professional competence with ethical human conduct
b. Meaning of Ethical human conduct: It is the foundation of professional ethics
Professional ethics can be seen as the code of ethical conduct of the profession
Competence in professional ethics
Profession is a significant domain of human activity targeted towards participating in the larger order which
includes the society and nature around. It is a meaningful participation for each one in one or more of the five
domains of human endeavor needed for a harmonious society. Professional ethics concerns the moral issues
that arise because of the specialist knowledge that professionals attain, and how the use of this knowledge
should be governed when providing a service to the public.
Guidelines for how to interact with various levels of realities through the profession
It leads to making effort for fulfilment of some part of the human goal.
Entity (realities) Competence for
1. Human beings ------ Behaviour – mutual fulfillment
2. Rest of nature ------ Work – mutual prosperity
3. Maintenance, etc. ------ Service (seva)* – promotion of harmony
4. Societal systems ------ Participation in larger order – promotion of harmony
Conclusion
Ethical conduct of profession implies the right utilization of one’s professional skills towards the
fulfillment of comprehensive human goal and thus, meaningfully participates in the larger order.
Q4. What do you mean by ’universal human order'? What is your vision of a universal human order?
Write in your own words. (Or) What do you mean by universal human order? What are its
implications?(or)
Introduction
Universal human order is a feeling of being related to every unit including human beings and other
entities of‘ nature. Having understood the comprehensive human goal, we are able to be in harmony not
only with human beings, but also with the rest of the nature. We are able to see that we are related to every
unit in nature and ensure mutual fulfillment in that relationship.
On the bases of understanding of harmony, we get the notion of an undivided society and universal
human order.
The universal human order will comprise of
I. The five dimensions of human endeavour (education, health etc) towards a fragmented society
II. The steps of organization from family to world family, each anchored in right understanding will
integrated in the following way
Family -> Family cluster -> village / community -> village cluster -> -> ->world family
I. The five dimensions of human Endeavour (education, health etc) towards a fragmented society
Human Goal
Systems / Dimensions of
Human Order
1. Education – Sanskar
2. Health – Self-regulation
3. Production – Work
4. Justice – Preservation
5. Exchange – Storage
In each of these dimensions, we can visualize a humane system, be it education, health, production,
exchange or justice and conceptualize a harmoniously functioning overall system.
II. The steps of organization from family to world family, each anchored in right understanding will
integrated in the following way
Scope –From Family Order to World Family Order (Universal Human Order)
Conclusion
As explained in the above, the right understanding provides us the vision for a holistic development and
humane society (universal human order).
Q5. What are the implications of value based living at all four levels of living? Explain. (Or) What
would be the pragmatic implications of value-based living at the four levels? Briefly
Answer
Pragmatic implications
It means it is the way of dealing with something based on practical considerations, rather than theriotical
one.
The implications of value based living can be understood in the following terms
1. At the level of the individual
Transition towards happiness and prosperity will take place at the individual level. It will instill self confidence,
spontaneous joyfulness, peace, contentment and bliss in the self, and also perseverance, bravery and generosity
in living of the individual.
2. At the level of the family
Mutual fulfillment in relationships, prosperity in the family, sustenance of joint families, family as the building
block of societal order in place of law enforcing bodies, respect for all without differentiation on the basis of
age, gender, caste, race, money, post, creed, etc.
3. At the level of the society
Fearlessness in the society, holistic systems for education, health, justice, production, exchange and storage,
harmony between nations, world growing as a family. Differentiations on the basis of body, physical facilites
and beliefs will be reduced.
4. At the level of nature
Co-existence of all units in nature, earth getting more and more suited for sustenance of all entities on the globe,
balance of seasons, proper development. The problems of pollution and resource depletion can be solved.
Q6. What is a holistic technology? Take any two such examples from the Indian tradition and
elaborate on them.(Or) Describe briefly the criteria for evaluation of holistic technology. Support
your answer with an example.
Introduction
The modern technologies and systems are all human inventions in response to the needs visualized under
the influence of the prevailing worldview. Accordingly, they have been designed and optimized to the
objective functions best suited to this world view.
In order to facilitate the development of holistic technologies and systems, it will be necessary to visualize
alternative objective functions and to formulate appropriate criteria for evaluation compatible with
comprehensive human goal.
Holistic approach
A holistic approach means to provide support that looks at the whole person, not just their mental health
needs. The support should also consider their physical, emotional, social and spiritual wellbeing.
Holistic technology
Holistic technology might also be used to describe technology that is designed for easy use for people and
to fit in with their lives. This usage is uncommon; the term human-centric design is more common.
Q7. What are the values in interaction of human beings with the material things? Give one example
of each. (Or) What is utility value and artistic value? How are both important in human life? Explain
with example. (Or) When there is no utility there is no scope for art too'. Explain.
Ans.
Competence of living in accordance with universal human values or the participation of a unit in the larger
order- its natural characteristics or svabhava. Values are a part of our ethical conduct. They are the natural
outcome of realization and right understanding, which are always definite. Values need not to be imposed
through fear, greed or blind belief.
The vastu mulya (values of Human Being in the Interaction with the Rest of the Nature) is the participation
of the human being with the rest of the nature.
I. Utility Value (Upyogita Mulya)
The participation of human being in ensuring the role of physical facility in nurture, protection and
providing means for the body.
For example
The utility value of a pen is that it aids in writing.
This provides a means to the body. Providing a cap to the pen so that the ink does not spill, a proper design
for holding of the pen while writing, etc. Preserve the utility of the pen.
II. Artistic value (kala mulva)
The participation of a human being in ensuring the role of physical facility to help and preserve its utility
(Right Utilization).
For example: Value of a Pen
The utility value of a pen is that it aids in writing.
Providing a cap to the pen so that the ink does not spill, a proper design for holding of the pen while
writing it is Artistic Value
Utility Value ----- A shirt has the utility that it protects the body. This is its utility value.
Artistic value ------ Designing the shirt so that it can be easily put on is the artistic value.
Q8. Critically examine the issues in professional ethics in the current scenario. (Or) List any five
unethical practices in profession today and the methods being tried to curb them.
Introduction
The unethical practices are rapidly increasing and their impact is also becoming far-reaching. Corruption
in multifarious manifestations is afflicting all the professions like a virus. Similarly, other unethical
practices are also proliferating and getting out of control. It appears as if human ingenuity is being
increasingly harnessed to devise newer and subtler ways to thwart the ethical conduct of profession, to
twist the laws and to beat the system.
Professional ethics
Professional ethics are principles that govern the behaviour of a person or group in a business
environment. Like values, professional ethics provide rules on how a person should act towards other
people and institutions in such an environment.
developments in science and technology, and their widespread application, an impression has grown that
the nature is primarily for exploitation as per the whims and fancies of human beings, the nature has to be
tamed/controlled and exploited for human enjoyment.
It is believed that the systems in nature are all primitive and have to be replaced by man-made
systems.
This is how one looks at 'development’. Similarly, it is also believed that the traditional practices are all
obsolete and have to be rejected outright.
This arrogant attitude towards nature and the traditional know-how has caused much damage to
humanity in recent times. It is high time we critically examine these beliefs and rectify them in the light of
right understanding.
In reality nature is not only for nourishes but also a learning ground
Q10. How do the current world views lead to contradictions and dilemmas in professional life? -
Explain.
Introduction
Dilemmas and contradictions in professional ethics arise when principles, values, or rules conflict, making it
difficult to decide the appropriate course of action. Below are key areas where such challenges commonly
occur:
Q11. Elaborate on the meaning of swatwa (innateness), swatantrata (self organization) and swarajya
(self expression). How are they related?
Answer
I. Swatva
Swatva means innateness of self – the natural acceptance of harmony. The word "innate" is defined
as originating in or derived from the mind . It is present in an individual by birth. When we identify our
innateness, we realize the difference between what we are and we really want to be.
II. Swatantrata
Swatantrata means being self- organized – being in harmony with oneself. When we identify our
innateness, we establish a dialogue with our conscience, and it enables us to become self organized, i.e. we
attain harmony in our self. This is called swatantrata.
Swatantrata means being self organised i.e. being in harmony with oneself
III. Swarajya
Swarajya means self-expression, self- extension – living in harmony with others. When we identify our
innateness, what we really what to be and establish a dialogue within, it enables us to become self
organized, i.e. we attain harmony in our self. When we start living with this harmony, it starts expressing
itself through our harmonious behaviour towards others and towards our work, and it naturally leads to a
healthy participation with the surroundings. This is called swarajya.
Swarajya means self expression, self extension i.e. living in harmony with others
The following way Swatva, Swatantra and Swarajya are inter related
1. When we start exploring our svatva, in the process of self-verification and living accordingly, we are
attaining svatantrata and svarajya.
2. Exploring our svatva at different levels of our living helps us in getting rid of our preconceived notions,
Our dilemmas, contradictions and compulsions, either external or internal.
3. The more, we attain swatantrata or the self- organized state, the more we can live in harmony with
Others and we can also help others attain this state.
4. This leads to our participation in swarajya.
5. The effort towards ensuring orderliness in the society is possible and is sustained by ensuring orderliness
in ourselves.
6. Every mechanism to bring order in the society needs to be based on this. T
7. This is an important implication of right understanding when we go to make policies for nations and the
world.
Conclusion: By the above way Swatva, Swatantra and Swarajya are interrelated.
Q12. Describe the different Strategies for transition from the present state to Universal Human Order
(Or) Explain the Role of manager for transition from the present state to universal human order.
Introduction
Today we are generally trying to achieve happiness and prosperity by maximizing accumulation and
consumption of physical facilities. This effort is giving rise to many problems manifest today at the level of
individual, family, society and the nature.
These problems are:
1. At the level of individual
Rising problems of depression, anxiety, suicides, stress, insecurity, increasing health problems, lack of
confidence and conviction etc.
2. At the level of family
Breaking up of joint families, mistrust and disharmony in relationships, divorce, generation gap, dowry
deaths, neglect of older people etc.
3. At the level of society
Growing incidences of terrorism, violence, communalism, racial and ethnic struggle, corruption,
adulteration, exploitation, wars between nations, proliferation of lethal weapons etc. •
4. At the level of nature
Global warming, weather imbalances, depletion of mineral and energy resources, deforestation, soil
degradation etc.
All the problems are a direct outcome of an incorrect understanding, our wrong notion about happiness and
prosperity and their continuity.
The implications of value based strategies can be understood in the following terms:
1. At the level of the individual
Achieve happiness, peace, contentment and bliss in the self, perseverance, bravery and generosity in living
of the individual. The individual get rid of the tensions, frustrations, depression, and other such situations
2. At the level of the family
Mutual fulfilment in relationships, prosperity in the family, sustenance of joint families, family as the
building block of societal order in place of law enforcing bodies, respect for all without differentiation on
the basis of age, gender, caste, race, money, post, creed, etc.
3. At the level of the society
Fearlessness in the society, holistic systems for education, health, justice, production, exchange and storage,
harmony between nations, world growing as a family. Differentiations on the basis of body, physical
facilities and beliefs will be reduced.
4. At the level of nature
Co-existence of all units in nature, earth getting more and more suited for sustenance of all entities on the
globe, balance of seasons, proper development. The problems of pollution and resource depletion can be
solved.
Strategy for transition from the present state to universal human order
(a) At the level of individual
(b) At the Society Level
Q13. How to identify and develop appropriate technologies for Management models and Production
system
The right understanding provides us the vision for a holistic development and humane society (universal
human order). Such a model will necessitate the visualization and development of appropriate technologies,
production systems and management models etc. which cater to the fulfilment of such a vision.
In addition, these have to promote local self-sufficiency and optimal utilization of local resources and
expertise. As far as possible, priority should be for naturally available processes and systems. In the light of
these broad criteria, specific criteria for Evaluation can be broadly defined for the area of technologies,
production systems and management models as follows;