11.2-Protein-synthesis-CIE-IAL-Biology-MS-Theory-unlocked

Protein synthesis
Mark Scheme 2
Level International A Level

Subject Biology
Exam Board CIE
Topic Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
Sub Topic Protein synthesis
Booklet Theory
Paper Type Mark Scheme 2
Time Allowed : 66 minutes
Score : / 55
Percentage : /100
Grade Boundaries:
A* A B C D E U
>85% 777.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%
Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

1 (a D – uracil ;
E – adenine ;
F – ribose ; I pentose / sugar
hos
G – phosphate ; A phosphate
(b) answers must be in pairs
mRNA DNA
ribose deoxyribose ;
differences between pentoses / sugar may be described in terms of OH on C2
uracil / no thymine thymine / no uracil ;
single, polynucleotide / strand / chain two, polynucleotides / chains / strands ;
A double
no hydrogen bonds hydrogen bonding ;
not a helix / straight chain (double) helix ;
ratio of A+G to C+T varies / AW ratio of A+G to C+T = 1 / AW ;
no base pairing (within molecule) base pairing ;
base pairing A-U with, tRNA / base pairing is A-T
anticodon
shorter longer ;
found in cytoplasm / leaves nucleus found in nucleus ;
attached to ribosome(s) not attached to ribosome(s) ;
short-lived long-lived ;
transfer of information (to ribosome) information storage / AW ;
codes for one polypeptide codes for more than one polypeptide ;
produced by transcription produced by (semi-conservative)
replication
[max 3]
(c) 1 translation ; R if transcription given as well, unless in correct context

A use of, nucleotide / base, sequence, to make, amino acid chain / polypeptide / protein
I protein / polypeptide, synthesis
2 moves towards / combines with, ribosome ;
3 ref to small and/or large sub-units ; I small / large ribosome
4 codon(s) ; only accept in correct context
5 transfer / t, RNA, bringing, amino acid(s), to mRNA / ribosome ;
6 anticodon(s) ; only accept in correct context
7 (complementary) base pairing ;
8 any e.g. of codon:anticodon base pairing ; need six bases
9 ref to polyribosome(s) / used by many ribosomes ;
10 (mRNA short-lived) ref to production of protein for short period of time ; [max 4]
[Total: 11]

2 (a (i) A transcription ;
B tRNA / transfer RNA ;
C ribosome ; A subunit of ribosome / ribosomal subunit
treat 70S / 80S or small / large as neutral
D anticodon ; [4]
(ii) similarities
made of amino acids / amino acid monomers / polymer of amino acids A protein /
polypeptides
have quaternary structure / have more than one polypeptide chain ;
four, sub-units / polypeptides ;
haem / porphyrin / prosthetic group(s) ; [2 max]
difference
(four) sub-units / polypeptides, are identical ;

or
haemoglobin has, two different, sub-units / polypeptides ;
or
haemoglobin has alpha and beta polypeptides ;
(catalase) has active site(s) ; A Hb has (oxygen) binding site [1 max]
(iii) each, sub-unit / polypeptide, has an active site ;

catalase has four, active sites / haem groups ; [1 max]
(b) iodine in potassium iodide solution / iodine in KI solution / I in KI solution ; A iodine solution
R iodine
Benedict’s, solution / reagent ; A Benedict’s

A Fehling’s solution / NaOH and CuSO4 [2]
treat refs to colour changes as neutral
[Total: 10]

Question Expected Answers Marks
3 (a) (i) A transcription; (ignore mRNA synthesis)
B translation;
C exocytosis; R secretion [max 3]
(ii) D (sub unit of) ribosome
E Golgi apparatus/body; [2]
(iii) F mRNA; [1]
(b) active site;
(is) specific shape; A complementary/other amino acids are the wrong shape to
fit, R same shape
only accepts R groups of these two amino acids; R accepts peptide bond [2]
(c) correct bond broken (between C-N);
involvement of water molecule in breaking the peptide bond shown clearly;
two amino acids with free groups as follows
-COOH/-COO- and -NH2/-NH3+;
A from diagram(s). [3]
[Total: 11]

4 (a condensation ; A dehydration [1]
(b) accept glycine-valine or valine-glycine
peptide bond drawn correctly ;

amino and carboxylic acid ends shown ;
correct R-groups ;
water eliminated ; [4]
(c) (i) AAG

GAU GUU ; [1]
(ii) messenger ; [1]
(d) during systole semi-lunar valve is open ;

during diastole semi-lunar valve is closed ;
proximity/AW pulmonary artery to (right) ventricle (so no pressure lost) ;
elastic recoil of pulmonary artery maintains blood pressure/AW ;
no/little blood in (right) ventricle, after contraction/during diastole ;
fills with blood at low pressure ; [max 3]
(e) increase in power of contraction ; AW

increase in (systolic) blood pressure ;
strain on right ventricle/right ventricle does not function efficiently ;
growth of muscle in/right ventricle increases in thickness ;
insufficient oxygen to, heart/cardiac, muscle ;
heart failure/heart attack ; [max 2]
(f) persistent/AW, cough ;

cough produces much mucus ;
wheezing ;
rapid breathing/difficulty breathing/breathlessness ;
bluish colour to the skin ;
recurrent chest infections/frequent colds or ‘flu/AW ;
barrel-shaped chest ;
chest pains ; R heart pains
fatigue/weakness, (with exercise) ; [max 2]
[Total: 14]

5 (a (i) GTG ;
ACU ;
leu ; [3]
(ii) primary structure ; [1]
(b) 1 mutation ;
2 base substitution / T A in template strand of DNA / AW ;
transcription
3 DNA has CAC as 6th triplet ;
4 (so) mRNA has GUG as (6th) codon ;
allow one mark for altered mRNA codon if no marks gained for mps 3 and 4
translation
5 different tRNA involved / tRNA specific to val and not glu ;
6 anticodon on tRNA has CAC (with valine) ;
7 tRNA brings, incorrect amino acid / val, to ribosome ;
8 further detail ; e.g. incorrect amino acid incorporated into growing polypeptide chain
[max 5]
[Total: 9]

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Protein synthesis

Level International A Level

Time Allowed : 66 minutes

>85% 777.5% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%

Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

(b) answers must be in pairs

(c) 1 translation ; R if transcription given as well, unless in correct context

Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

(four) sub-units / polypeptides, are identical ;

(catalase) has active site(s) ; A Hb has (oxygen) binding site [1 max]

(iii) each, sub-unit / polypeptide, has an active site ;

Benedict’s, solution / reagent ; A Benedict’s

treat refs to colour changes as neutral

Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

C exocytosis; R secretion [max 3]

(ii) D (sub unit of) ribosome

E Golgi apparatus/body; [2]

(iii) F mRNA; [1]

(b) active site;

(c) correct bond broken (between C-N);

involvement of water molecule in breaking the peptide bond shown clearly;

two amino acids with free groups as follows

-COOH/-COO- and -NH2/-NH3+;

A from diagram(s). [3]

Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

(b) accept glycine-valine or valine-glycine

peptide bond drawn correctly ;

(c) (i) AAG

(ii) messenger ; [1]

(d) during systole semi-lunar valve is open ;

(e) increase in power of contraction ; AW

(f) persistent/AW, cough ;

Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

(ii) primary structure ; [1]

Dr. Asher Rana www.chemistryonlonlinetuition.com [email protected]

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