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    ECE_1102_Lab03

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    ECE_1102_Lab03

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    ECE_1102_Lab03

    Uploaded by

    sowrab ghosh

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Heaven's Light Is Our Guide

    Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology

    Lab Report
    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
    Course Title:

    Circuits & Systems-I Sessional


    Course No:

    ECE 1102
    Date of Experiment: 16 November, 2024
    Date of submission: 23 November, 2024

    Submitted To: Submitted By:


    Md. Abu Hanif Pramanik Name: Sourav Ghosh
    Assistant Professor, Roll: 2310016
    Department of ECE, Session: 2023-2024
    RUET
    Experiment No: 03

    Name of the Experiment: Study of Ammeter, Voltmeter, and Wattmeter connection in a


    resistive circuit.

    Objective: To study Ammeter, Voltmeter, and Wattmeter connection in a resistive circuit.

    Theory:
    In a resistive circuit, the Ammeter, Voltmeter, and Wattmeter are used to measure current,
    voltage, and power, respectively. The Ammeter is connected in series with the load to measure
    current flow, while the Voltmeter is connected in parallel across the load to measure the voltage.
    A Wattmeter calculates power by multiplying voltage and current values in the circuit. This
    experiment compares the power measured using a Wattmeter with the power calculated using
    the formula,

    𝑃 =𝑉 ×𝐼
    The differences are analyzed to assess the accuracy of the instruments and the experimental
    setup.

    Required Apparatus:
    1. Voltmeter (1 Piece, 0 – 125 V)
    2. Ammeter (1 Piece, 0 – 1A)
    3. Watt Meter (1 Piece)
    4. Variable Resistor (1 Piece)
    5. Multimeter (1 Piece)
    6. DC Voltage Source
    7. Connecting Wires

    Circuit Diagram:
    W
    CC
    M
    A
    PC

    Vs R V

    Figure 1: Circuit Diagram


    Figure 2: Simulation Circuit Diagram

    Data Table:
    Experimental Data:

    Error =
    𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 − 𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐
    Sl no 𝑉𝑠 V I | |
    (W) (W) 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠
    × 100%
    1 40 30.15 36.25 0.83 30.08 0.23%
    2 45 36.66 39.63 0.92 36.46 0.54%
    3 46 39.17 40.25 0.97 39.04 0.33%
    4 48 42.31 42.25 1 42.25 0.14%

    Simulation Data:

    Error =
    𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 − 𝑃𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐
    Sl no 𝑉𝑠 V I | |
    (W) (W) 𝑃𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠
    × 100%
    1 40 37.35 40 0.9337 37.35 0%
    2 45 47.27 45 1.05 47.25 0.04%
    3 46 49.39 46 1.074 49.404 0.028%
    4 48 53.78 48 1.12 53.76 0.037%

    Result:
    From the observations, it is clear that the ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter provide consistent
    readings in a resistive circuit. The readings confirm the following:
    1. Current (I) increases with voltage.
    2. Voltage (V) across the load is proportional to the supply voltage, as expected.
    3. Power (P) increases linearly with both current and voltage.
    However, there were small discrepancies in the readings due to a few factors:
    • Instrument Accuracy: Slight calibration errors in the instruments, especially the
    ammeter and wattmeter, could have introduced small measurement errors.
    • Connection Resistance: Resistance in the connecting wires and contact points could
    have caused slight variations in the voltage and current measurements.
    • Load Resistance Variations: The actual resistance of the load might have slightly varied
    with temperature, which can cause a small deviation in the current and voltage readings.
    Despite these minor errors, the overall trends and relationships between voltage, current, and
    power followed theoretical expectations.

    Discussion:
    The experiment demonstrated accurate measurements of current, voltage, and power in a
    resistive circuit, with errors between measured and calculated power remaining under 1%. The
    discrepancies were due to factors such as instrument calibration, wire resistance, or contact
    resistance. Overall, the results validate the proper connection and use of measurement devices.

    Precautions:
    1. Calibrate all instruments before use.
    2. Ensure proper and secure connections to minimize resistance errors.
    3. Use wires of appropriate thickness to reduce resistance.
    4. Verify polarity of connections to avoid incorrect readings.
    5. Turn off the power before making circuit adjustments.

    Reference:

    Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by Charles K. Alexander and Matthew N. O. Sadiku.

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