DR.G.U.

POPE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

POPE NAGAR SAWYERPURAM-628 251
Thoothukudi District

Name:
Register number:
Subject code&name:EE-3012 Electrical Drives

Department:EEE

Staff In-charge H. O.D

 DR.G.U.POPE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
POPE NAGAR SAWYERPURAM-628 251
Thoothukudi District

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this practical work entitled EE-3012 Electrical Drives is the
Bonafede record of work done by
Mr/Ms............................................................................. of V Semester in
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering of the College during
the year July 2023 – Dec 2023

Staff In – Charge Head of the Department

Submitted for the Anna University B.E. (EEE) Degree Practical Examination
held at DR G U Pope College of Engineering on................................

Internal Examiner External Examiner

 INDEX

SL. PAGE SIGNATURE

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT DATE NO. MARKS
NO.
 LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Simulation of converter and chopper fed DC drive

2. Simulation of closed loop operation of stator voltage control of

induction motor drive

3. Simulation of closed loop operation of v/f control of induction motor drive

4. Simulation of synchronous motor drive.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SIMULATION DIAGRAM:
Expt No.1 SIMULATION OF CONVERTER AND CHOPPER FED
DC DRIVE

Date :

AIM:
To simulate Chopper fed DC motor to find it’s armature current Vs .time and Speed
Vs .time Characteristics using MATLAB SIMULINK

INTRODUCTION:
The variable voltage to the armature of a dc motor for speed control can be obtained
from a dc chopper which is a single stage dc to dc conversion device. The voltage variation at
the load terminals can be obtained by using either current limit control or time ratio control.
In the former, as has already been discussed, the chopper is controlled such that the load
current has a variation between two limits. When the current reaches the upper limit the
chopper is turned off to disconnect the motor from the supply. The load current freewheels
through freewheeling diode and decays. When it falls to the lower limit the chopper is turned
on, connecting the motor to the supply. An average current is always maintained. When the
chopper is controlled by TRC the ratio of TON/TOFF of the chopper is changed. In this case
the operation is at fixed frequency if (TON+TOFF) is kept constant. TON only is varied to
obtain voltage control. The operation will be at variable frequency with TON kept constant
and (TON+TOFF) varied. But owing to several advantages of simplicity, a fixed frequency
TRC is normally used. Chopper circuits are used to control both separately excited and series
motors.

THEORY:
The chopper converts the fixed DC voltage to variable DC voltage. Self-commutated
devices (directly on or off devices via gate) like MOSFET, IGBT, power transistors, GTO
and IGCT are used for making choppers because they can be commutated by low power
control signal and do not need commutation circuit. The chopper was operated at high
frequency due to which it upgrade the motor performances by decreasing the ripple and
removing the discontinuous conduction. The most important feature of chopper control is that
the regenerative braking is carried out at very low generating speed when the drive is fed
from a fixed voltage to low DC voltage. The transistor Tr is operated periodically with period
Tr and remains open for a duration Ton.Chopper for regenerative braking operation is shown
in the figure below. The transistor Tr is operated periodically with a period T and on-period
of ton.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PC WITH MATLAB SIMULATION SOFTWARE
SPECIFICATION OF EQUIPMENTS IN SIMULATION:
MOTOR:220V,40A,1200 RPM
IGBT:40A

PROCEDURE:
1.Open Matlab , Simulink and MATLAB Library
2.As per the simulation diagram, connect the elements taking them from Library
3.All power electronic components and drives are available in Sim Power systems.
Sources are available in electrical sources
4.Select Ode 23tt solver in simulation parameters.save the file
5.Run the simulation and verify the output in scope

DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS AND GRAPH:

1.It is seen that speed of the motor is constant
2.Also, it is seen that the armature current has less ripples.

RESULT:
The chopper fed DC motor drive was simulated using MATLAB and the motor speed
and armature current characteristics were studied.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

SIMULATION DIAGRAM:
Expt.No.2 SIMULATION OF CLOSED LOOP OPERATION OF
STATOR VOLTAGE CONTROL OF INDUCTION
MOTOR DRIVE
Date :

Aim:
To simulate the closed loop operation of speed control of three phase inverter fed
induction motor by using MATLAB software.

INTRODUCTION:
It employs inner slip-speed loop with a slip limiter and outer speed loop. Since for a
given current, slip speed has a fixed value, the slip speed loop also functions as an inner
current loop. Further it also ensures that the motor operation always occurs on the portion of
speed-torque curve between synchronous speed and the speed at the maximum torque for all
frequencies, thus ensuring high torque to current ratio. The drive uses a PWM inverter fed
from a dc source, which has capability for regenerative braking and four-quadrant operation.
The drive scheme is however applicable to any VSI or cycloconverter drive having
regenerative or dynamic braking capability.

THEORY:
By varying the supplying voltage, the speed can be controlled. The voltage is varied
until the torque required by the load is developed, at the desired speed. The torque developed
is proportional to the square of the supply voltage and the current is proportional to the
voltage .Hence, to reduce the speed for the same value of the same current, the value of the
voltage is reduced and as a result, the torque developed by the motor is reduced. This stator
voltage control method is suitable for applications where the load torque decreases with the
speed. For example- In the fan load.This method gives a speed control only below the normal
rated speed as the operation of the voltages if higher than the rated voltage is not admissible.
This method is suitable where the intermittent operation of the drive is required and also for
the fan and pump drives. As in fan and pump the load torque varies as the square of the
speed. These types of drives required low torque at lower speeds. This condition can be
obtained by applying a lower voltage without exceeding the motor current.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Sim Power System
2. MATALAB
MODEL GRAPH:

MATLAB OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:

PROCEDURE:
1.Open Matlab , Simulink and MATLAB Library
2.As per the simulation diagram, connect the elements taking them from Library
3.All power electronic components and drives are available in Sim Power systems
Sources are available in electrical sources
4.Select Ode 23tt solver in simulation parameters save the file.
5.Run the simulation and verify the output in scope.

DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS AND GRAPH:

The speed of Induction motor remains constant as the switching angles of converter
are varied to vary the voltage of inverter and hance stator voltage.

RESULTS:
Thus the speed of induction motor is held almost constant by varying the stator
voltage according to the speed.
SIMULINK DIAGRAM:

OUTPUT WAVEFORMS:
Expt No.3 Simulation of closed loop operation of v/f control of
induction motor drive
Date:

Aim:
To simulate the Three Phase Induction motor with V/f control.

INTRODUCTION:
V/F is abbreviated from voltage/frequency. V/F control is an induction motor control
method which ensures the output voltage proportional with the frequency, so it maintains a
constant motor flux, preventing weak magnetic and magnetic saturation phenomenon from
happening. V/F control principle is to produce a circuit called voltage-controller oscillator
with oscillator frequency. It is a voltage-dependent capacitance, when subjected to a change
in voltage, its capacity will change, and then the change in capacity will cause changes in the
oscillation frequency, resulting in variable frequency. This controlled frequency is used to
control the frequency of the output voltage, in order to achieve speed changes of the
controlled electric motors.

THEORY:
Steady-state per-phase equivalent circuit, the s terms have been replaced by the
complex variable jω. This is justified by the fact that the electrical time constant of practical
induction motors are orders of magnitude lower than that of the mechanical time constant.
Thus, while designing a controller to control the motor's mechanical rotational speed, the
transients associated with the electromagnetic circuit of the motor can be reasonably ignored.
Hence, the per-phase steady state equivalent circuit can be assumed to be a good enough
model to derive the motor's non-mechanical transfer function. The flux in the air-gap is a
function of the current flowing through the magnetizing inductance Lm,.. If the drop across
the stator resistance Rs and stator leakage inductance Lls is ignored, the voltage across the
magnetizing inductance Vm equals the applied terminal voltage Vs. The motor speed is
controlled by controlling the frequency of the applied voltage. This is achieved by using a PI
controller. To tune this controller for desired performance, the system transfer function needs
to be established that links the applied frequency to the rotor speed.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Sim Power System
2. MATALAB
PROCEDURE:
1.Open Matlab , Simulink and MATLAB Library
2.As per the simulation diagram, connect the elements taking them from Library
3.All power electronic components and drives are available in Sim Power systems.
Sources are available in electrical sources
4.Select Ode 23tt solver in simulation parameters save the file.
5.Run the simulation and verify the output in scope.

DESCRIPTION OF RESULTS AND GRAPH:

The speed of Induction motor remains constant as the switching angles of inverter is
varied so that ratio of voltage and frequency is constant to vary the speed

RESULTS:
Thus the speed of induction motor is held almost constant by varying the stator
voltage and frequency thus by keeping V/f ratio constant according to the speed.
SIMULATION DIAGRAM:

RESULT:
Expt.no.4 SIMULATION OF SYNCHORONOUS MOTOR DRIVE

Date:

Aim:
To simulate the Permanent magnet synchronous motor Drive using MATLAB motor

INTRODUCTION:
The permanent magnet synchronous motors are one of the types of AC
synchronous motors, where the field is excited by permanent magnets that generate
sinusoidal back EMF. It contains a rotor and stator same as that of an induction
motor, but a permanent magnet is used as a rotor to create a magnetic field. Hence
there is no need to wound field winding on the rotor. It is also known as a 3-phase
brushless permanent sine wave motor.

THEORY:
The permanent magnet synchronous motors are very efficient, brushless, very
fast, safe, and give high dynamic performance when compared to the conventional
motors. It produces smooth torque, low noise and mainly used for high-speed
applications like robotics. It is a 3- phase AC synchronous motor that runs at
synchronous speed with the applied AC source.
Instead of using winding for the rotor, permanent magnets are mounted to create a
rotating magnetic field. As there is no supply of DC source, these types of motors
are very simple and less cost. It contains a stator with 3 windings installed on it and a
rotor with a permanent magnet mounted to create field poles. The 3-phase input ac
supply is given to the stator to start working. The permanent magnet synchronous
motor working principle is similar to the synchronous motor. It depends on the
rotating magnetic field that generates electromotive force at synchronous speed.
When the stator winding is energized by giving the 3-phase supply, a rotating
magnetic field is created in between the air gaps.This produces the torque when the
rotor field poles hold the rotating magnetic field at synchronous speed and the rotor
rotates continuously. As these motors are not self-starting motors, it is necessary to
provide a variablefrequency power supply.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
1. Sim Power System
2. MATALAB
PROCEDURE:
1. Open Matlab , Simulink and MATLAB Library

2. As per the simulation diagram, connect the elements taking them from Library

3. All power electronic components and drives are available in Sim Power systems.
Sources are available in electrical sources
4. Select Ode 23tt solver in simulation parameters. save the file

5. Run the simulation and verify the output in scope.

DESCRIPTION OF RESULT:
The speed and torque have meagre ripples. But the ripples in current is
less. Hence the motor develops uniform torque.

RESULTS:
Thus the speed of PMSM is held almost constant by the drive
arrangement.