Terraform Notess

 Local values - Assigns a name to expression which can be used multiple times by calling the
name
 Var.auto.tfvars is 1st preference, terraform.tfvars - 2nd, variables.tf is 3rd
 Terraform state list
 Terraform validate
 Terraform Drift
Page 1: Introduction to Terraform
What is Terraform?
 Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code (IaC) tool created by HashiCorp.
 It allows you to define and provision infrastructure using a high-level configuration language
called HashiCorp Configuration Language (HCL).
Key Concepts:
 Provider: A plugin that interacts with APIs of cloud platforms or services (e.g., AWS, Azure,
Google Cloud).
 Resource: A component of your infrastructure (e.g., VM instances, databases).
 State: A file that keeps track of the current state of your infrastructure.
 Plan: An execution plan that shows what changes Terraform will make to your infrastructure.
Basic Commands:
bash
terraform init # Initialize a Terraform working directory
terraform plan # Generate and show an execution plan
terraform apply # Apply the changes required to reach the desired state of the configuration
terraform destroy # Destroy the Terraform-managed infrastructure
Page 2: Setting Up Your Environment
Install Terraform:
 Download Terraform from the official website.
 Unzip the downloaded file and move the Terraform binary to a directory included in your
system's PATH.
Initializing a Terraform Project:
1. Create a directory for your project:
bash
mkdir my-terraform-project
cd my-terraform-project
2. Create a main configuration file:
hcl
# main.tf
provider "aws" {
region = "us-west-2"
3. Initialize the directory:
bash
terraform init
Page 3: Working with Providers and Resources
Providers:
 Providers are responsible for managing the lifecycle of resources. They define how Terraform
interacts with cloud services.
Example - AWS Provider:
hcl
provider "aws" {
Resources:
 Resources describe the components of your infrastructure.
Example - AWS EC2 Instance:
hcl
resource "aws_instance" "example" {
ami = "ami-0c55b159cbfafe1f0"
instance_type = "t2.micro"
tags = {
Name = "example-instance"
}
Page 4: Variables and Outputs
Variables:
 Variables allow you to parameterize your configuration.
Example - Defining Variables:
hcl
variable "instance_type" {
description = "Type of EC2 instance"
type = string
default = "t2.micro"
Example - Using Variables:
hcl
instance_type = var.instance_type
tags = {
Outputs:
 Outputs are used to display values after the apply step.
Example - Defining Outputs:
hcl
output "instance_id" {
description = "ID of the AWS EC2 instance"
value = aws_instance.example.id
Page 5: Modules
What are Modules?

 Modules are reusable configurations. A module is a container for multiple resources that are
used together.
Creating a Module:
1. Create a directory for the module:
bash
mkdir -p modules/my-module
2. Define Resources in the Module:
hcl
# modules/my-module/main.tf
tags = {
3. Use the Module in Your Configuration:
hcl
module "my_module" {
source = "./modules/my-module"
Page 6: Managing State
State Files:
 Terraform maintains the state of your infrastructure in a file called terraform.tfstate.
 It's crucial to manage state files properly, especially in a team environment.
Remote State:
 Store state files remotely for better collaboration and backup.
Example - Configuring Remote State in S3:
hcl
terraform {
backend "s3" {
bucket = "my-terraform-state"
key = "path/to/my/key"
Page 7: Provisioners
Provisioners:
 Provisioners execute scripts on a local or remote machine as part of the resource creation or
destruction.
Example - Using a Local Provisioner:
hcl
provisioner "local-exec" {
command = "echo 'Hello, World!'"
Page 8: Data Sources
Data Sources:
 Data sources allow you to fetch data from external sources for use in your configuration.
Example - Using a Data Source:
hcl
data "aws_ami" "latest_amazon_linux" {
most_recent = true
owners = ["amazon"]
filter {
name = "name"
values = ["amzn-ami-hvm-*"]
Using Data Source in Resource:
hcl
ami = data.aws_ami.latest_amazon_linux.id
Page 9: Managing Workspaces
Workspaces:
 Workspaces allow you to manage multiple environments (e.g., dev, staging, production)
using the same configuration.
Example - Creating and Switching Workspaces:
bash
terraform workspace new dev
terraform workspace select dev
Using Workspaces in Configuration:
hcl
count = terraform.workspace == "prod" ? 3 : 1
Page 10: Advanced Terraform Features
Terraform Cloud:
 Terraform Cloud provides collaboration, governance, and automation features for teams
using Terraform.
 You can create workspaces, manage state, and apply configurations in a shared environment.
Example - Configuring Terraform Cloud:
hcl
terraform {
cloud {
organization = "my-org"
workspaces {
name = "my-workspace"
Managing Secrets:
 Use tools like HashiCorp Vault or environment variables to manage sensitive information like
API keys or passwords.
Example - Using Environment Variables:
bash
export TF_VAR_db_password="mysecretpassword"
By following these notes and examples, you should have a comprehensive understanding of
Terraform's core features

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 Local values - Assigns a name to expression which can be used multiple times by calling the

 Var.auto.tfvars is 1st preference, terraform.tfvars - 2nd, variables.tf is 3rd

 Terraform state list

Page 1: Introduction to Terraform

 Terraform is an open-source infrastructure as code (IaC) tool created by HashiCorp.

 Resource: A component of your infrastructure (e.g., VM instances, databases).

terraform init # Initialize a Terraform working directory

terraform plan # Generate and show an execution plan

terraform destroy # Destroy the Terraform-managed infrastructure

Page 2: Setting Up Your Environment

 Download Terraform from the official website.

Initializing a Terraform Project:

1. Create a directory for your project:

2. Create a main configuration file:

3. Initialize the directory:

Page 3: Working with Providers and Resources

Example - AWS Provider:

 Resources describe the components of your infrastructure.

Example - AWS EC2 Instance:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {

 Variables allow you to parameterize your configuration.

Example - Defining Variables:

description = "Type of EC2 instance"

Example - Using Variables:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {

 Outputs are used to display values after the apply step.

Example - Defining Outputs:

description = "ID of the AWS EC2 instance"

What are Modules?

1. Create a directory for the module:

2. Define Resources in the Module:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {

3. Use the Module in Your Configuration:

Page 6: Managing State

 Terraform maintains the state of your infrastructure in a file called terraform.tfstate.

 It's crucial to manage state files properly, especially in a team environment.

 Store state files remotely for better collaboration and backup.

Example - Configuring Remote State in S3:

Example - Using a Local Provisioner:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {

command = "echo 'Hello, World!'"

Page 8: Data Sources

Example - Using a Data Source:

data "aws_ami" "latest_amazon_linux" {

Using Data Source in Resource:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {

Page 9: Managing Workspaces

Example - Creating and Switching Workspaces:

terraform workspace new dev

terraform workspace select dev

Using Workspaces in Configuration:

resource "aws_instance" "example" {

count = terraform.workspace == "prod" ? 3 : 1

Page 10: Advanced Terraform Features

Example - Configuring Terraform Cloud:

Example - Using Environment Variables:

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