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    PROJECT 1 To 5

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    cityofsuccess001

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    PROJECT 1 To 5

    Uploaded by

    cityofsuccess001
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    PROJECT 1 to 5

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    2 views14 pages

    PROJECT 1 To 5

    Uploaded by

    cityofsuccess001

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    of 14

    PROJECT 1.

    TITTLE: SIMULATION OF FREE SPACE PATHLOSS MODEL


    Aim: To simulate free space pathloss model
    Objective: To analyze the pathloss free space Shannon capacity performance of an
    AWGN channel
    Methodology: The Matlab code 1 was computed and ran to generate the result in
    Figure 1
    MATLAB CODE 1 FOR THE CAPACITY OF ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE

    d = 10 : 10 : 100;
    nd = length(d);
    f1=900;
    f2=1800;

    Pathloss1 = zeros(nd, 1);


    Pathloss2 = zeros(nd, 1);
    PathlossWatt1=zeros(nd, 1);
    PathlossWatt2=zeros(nd, 1);
    for id = 1 : nd
    Pathloss1(id)=Pathloss1(id)+(32.4+20*log10(f1)+20.*log10(id
    .*10^(-3)));
    PathlossWatt1(id)=10^(Pathloss1(id)/10);
    Pathloss2(id)=Pathloss2(id)+(32.4+20*log10(f2)+20.*log10(id
    .*10^(-3)));
    PathlossWatt2(id)=10^(Pathloss2(id)/10);
    end
    LineWidth = 1.5;
    MarkerSize = 6;
    figure(1)
    plot(d, Pathloss1, 'b-o', 'LineWidth', LineWidth,
    'MarkerSize', MarkerSize)
    hold on
    plot(d, Pathloss2, 'm-^', 'LineWidth', LineWidth,
    'MarkerSize', MarkerSize)
    hold off
    legend('900 MHz Carrier frequency','1800 MHz Carrier
    frequency');
    xlabel('Distance (m)')
    ylabel('Pathloss (dB)')
    grid

    1
    figure(2)
    plot(d, PathlossWatt1, 'b-o', 'LineWidth', LineWidth,
    'MarkerSize', MarkerSize)
    hold on
    plot(d, PathlossWatt2, 'm-^', 'LineWidth', LineWidth,
    'MarkerSize', MarkerSize)
    hold off
    legend('900 MHz Carrier frequency','1800 MHz Carrier
    frequency');
    xlabel('Distance (m)')
    ylabel('Pathloss (W)')
    grid

    Results

    Figure 1

    Figure 2

    Results Discussion

    Conclusion

    2
    PROJECT 2.
    TITTLE: SIMULATION OF ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE (AWGN)
    Aim: To simulate the Shannon capacity of AWGN channel
    Objective: To analyse the Shannon capacity performance of an AWGN channel
    Methodology: The Matlab code 2 was computed and ran to generate the result in
    Figure 1
    MATLAB CODE 2 FOR THE CAPACITY OF ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE
    clear all;

    snrdb=0:5:30; % Signal to noise ratio's range


    Es=100; % transmit power
    B=1; %bandwidth

    for snri=1:length(snrdb)
    snr = 10^(snrdb(snri)/10); %convert snr in db to watt
    sigma2=Es/snr; %noise power
    C_awgn(snri)=B*log2(1+snr/B); %capacity same as
    end
    %B*log2(1+Es/sigma2/B);
    LineWidth = 1.5;
    MarkerSize = 6;
    figure;
    %plot graph capacity vs SNR

    plot(snrdb,C_awgn, 'b-o', 'LineWidth', LineWidth,


    'MarkerSize', MarkerSize);
    xlabel('SNR in dB');
    ylabel('Capacity in bits/s/Hz');
    title('Capacity of AWGN Channel');
    legend('AWGN')
    grid

    3
    Results and its Analysis: Figure 3 is the simulation results produced from the
    running of the MATLAB code and analysed as follows:

    Figure3: Capacity of AWGN against SNR ranges from 0 to 30 dB for a free space
    channel.

    Conclusion

    4
    PROJECT 3.
    TITTLE: SIMULATION OF A SINGLE RUN SMALL SCALE (RAYLEIGH) FADING
    CHANNEL
    Aim: To simulate the Shannon capacity of a Single input single output (SISO) mobile
    wireless channel.
    Objective: To analyse the Shannon capacity of a single run SISO wireless channel
    Methodology: The Matlab code 3 was computed and ran to generate the result in
    Figure 2
    MATLAB CODE 3 FOR THE CAPACITY OF A SISO RALEIGH FADING CHANNEL
    clear all;

    snrdb=0:5:30;
    % transmit power
    Es=100;
    %bandwidth
    B=1;
    %number of antennas
    nt=1;
    nr=1;

    for snri=1:length(snrdb)

    %convert snr in db to watt


    snr = 10^(snrdb(snri)/10);

    %noise power
    sigma2=Es/snr;

    h=complex(sqrt(0.5)*randn(nr,nt),sqrt(0.5)*randn(nr,nt));
    %hsd=(randn(nr,nt)+j*randn(nr,nt))/sqrt(2);
    %Instantaneous capacity
    C(snri)=B*log2(1+Es*abs(h)^2/sigma2/B);

    end

    LineWidth = 1.5;
    MarkerSize = 6;
    figure;

    5
    %plot graph capacity vs SNR

    plot(snrdb,C, 'm-s', 'LineWidth', LineWidth, 'MarkerSize',


    MarkerSize);
    xlabel('SNR in dB');
    ylabel('Capacity in bits/s/Hz');
    title('Capacity of Slowly Varying Rayleigh Fading
    Channel');
    legend('Rayleigh')
    grid

    Result and Analysis: Figure 4 is the simulation results produced from the running of
    the MATLAB code 3 and analysed as follows:

    Figure 1: Capacity of a single run small scale (slowly varying) Rayleigh fading
    channel for a typical mobile wireless SISO system against SNR ranges from 0 to
    30 dB.

    Conclusion

    6
    PROJECT 4.
    TITTLE: SIMULATION OF AN ERGODIC CAPACITY OF A SMALL SCALE
    (RAYLEIGH) FADING CHANNEL
    Aim: To simulate the Shannon Ergodic capacity of a Single input single output (SISO)
    mobile wireless channel.
    Objective: To analyse and appreciate the need for Ergodic capacity of a single run
    SISO wireless channel compared to a single run capacity in Project 3
    Methodology: The Matlab code 3 was computed and ran to generate the result in
    Figure 1
    MATLAB CODE 4 FOR THE ERGODIC CAPACITY OF A SISO RALEIGH FADING
    CHANNEL
    clear all;

    snrdb=0:10:100; %-10:5:50:100;
    % transmit power
    Es=1;
    %bandwidth
    B=1;
    %number of antennas
    nt=1;
    nr=1;

    for snri=1:length(snrdb)

    %No. of samples for monte carlo


    cunt=500;

    %convert snr in db to watt


    snr = 10^(snrdb(snri)/10);

    %noise power
    sigma2=Es/snr;

    for i=1:cunt

    7
    h=complex(sqrt(0.5)*randn(nr,nt),sqrt(0.5)*randn(nr,nt));
    %hsd=(randn(nr,nt)+j*randn(nr,nt))/sqrt(2);
    %Instantaneous capacity
    I_rayleigh(i)=B*log2(1+log2(1/sigma2/B));

    end

    %compute average capacity or ergodic capacity


    C(snri)=abs(mean(I_rayleigh));

    end
    LineWidth = 1.5;
    MarkerSize = 6;
    figure;
    %plot graph capacity vs SNR

    plot(snrdb,C, 'g-d','LineWidth', LineWidth, 'MarkerSize',


    MarkerSize);
    xlabel('SNR in dB');
    ylabel('Capacity in bits/s/Hz');
    title('Ergodic Capacity of Slowly Varying Rayleigh Fading
    Channel');
    legend('Rayleigh')
    grid

    8
    Result and Analysis: Figure 5 is the simulation results produced from the running of
    the MATLAB code 4 and analyzed as follows:

    Figure 5: Ergodic capacity performance for a small scale (slowly varying)


    Rayleigh fading channel for a typical mobile wireless SISO system against SNR
    ranges from 0 to 100 dB.
    Conclusion

    9
    PROJECT 5.
    TITTLE: DETERMINATION OF COVERAGE DISTANCE OF A CELL
    Aim: To determine the coverage distance and area of a cell using free space
    propagation model
    Objective: To obtain the transmit power variation impact on the cell coverage distance
    and to determine the area from the distance obtained.
    Methodology:

    Received signal power with unobstructed line-of-sight (LOS) propagation (e.g.


    satellite channels, microwave LOS radio links)

    L system loss factor not related to propagation, e.g. loss due to transmission line, hardware etc
    1 .

    Figure 1: Cell coverage d obtained from , under the assumption of


    1.

    10
    is assumed to be 0.8 .
    The Matlab code was computed and ran to generate the result in Figure 2
    MATLAB CODE 6 FOR THE CAPACITY OF ADDITIVE WHITE GAUSSIAN NOISE

    pt = -10 : 5 : 30; % Transmit power


    pr=0.8.*pt;% Received power
    % pr = 2:2:10;
    % P=pt./pr; % Transmit to receive power factor
    nd = length(pt);
    f1=900000000;
    f2=1800000000;
    Gt=1; Gr=1; Lightspeed=300000000;
    Wavelength1=f1/Lightspeed;
    Wavelength2=f2/Lightspeed;

    d1 = zeros(nd, 1);
    d2 = zeros(nd, 1);

    for id = 1 : nd

    d1(id)=d1(id)+sqrt((Gt*Gr*Wavelength1^2*(10^(pt(id)/10))/(10
    ^(pr(id)/10))*16*(pi^2)));

    d2(id)=d2(id)+sqrt((Gt*Gr*Wavelength2^2*(10^(pt(id)/10))/(10
    ^(pr(id)/10))*16*(pi^2)));
    end

    LineWidth = 1.5;
    MarkerSize = 6;

    figure(6)
    plot(pt, d1, 'b-o', 'LineWidth', LineWidth, 'MarkerSize',
    MarkerSize)
    hold on
    plot(pt, d2, 'g-s', 'LineWidth', LineWidth, 'MarkerSize',
    MarkerSize)
    hold off

    11
    legend('900 MHz Carrier frequency', '1800 MHz Carrier
    frequency');
    xlabel('Transmit power (dB)')
    ylabel('coverage distance (m)')
    grid

    figure(7)
    plot(pr, d1, 'b-o', 'LineWidth', LineWidth, 'MarkerSize',
    MarkerSize)
    hold on
    plot(pr, d2, 'g-s', 'LineWidth', LineWidth, 'MarkerSize',
    MarkerSize)
    hold off
    legend('900 MHz Carrier frequency', '1800 MHz Carrier
    frequency');
    xlabel('Receiv power (dB)')
    ylabel('coverage distance (m)')
    grid

    12
    Results and Discusion:

    Figures 6: Transit Power against the coverage distance

    Figure 7: Receive power against the coverage distance

    13
    Figure 8: Transmit power against the coverage Areas

    Conclusion

    14

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