A Solid Waste Management Facility With Renewable Energy in Tarlac City

PROPOSAL:
“A Solid Waste Management Facility with

Renewable Energy in Tarlac City”
What is a Solid Waste Management?
- solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material

that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper
disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these
conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of
vector-borne disease—that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of
solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a
wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be
managed and solved.
Historical background
Early waste disposal
In ancient cities, wastes were thrown onto unpaved streets and roadways, where
they were left to accumulate. It was not until 320 bce in Athens that the first known
law forbidding this practice was established. At that time a system for waste
removal began to evolve in Greece and in the Greek-dominated cities of the eastern
Mediterranean. In ancient Rome, property owners were responsible for cleaning the
streets fronting their property. But organized waste collection was associated only
with state-sponsored events such as parades. Disposal methods were very crude,
involving open pits located just outside the city walls. As populations increased,
efforts were made to transport waste farther out from the cities.
After the fall of Rome, waste collection and municipal sanitation began a decline
that lasted throughout the Middle Ages. Near the end of the 14th century,
scavengers were given the task of carting waste to dumps outside city walls. But
this was not the case in smaller towns, where most people still threw waste into the
streets. It was not until 1714 that every city in England was required to have an
official scavenger. Toward the end of the 18th century in America, municipal
collection of garbage was begun in Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. Waste
disposal methods were still very crude, however. Garbage collected in Philadelphia,
for example, was simply dumped into the Delaware River downstream from the city.
ACCORDING TO UN
- The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern
economy is posing a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Every year, an
estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste is collected worldwide and decay of the
organic proportion of solid waste is contributing about 5 per cent of global
greenhouse gas emissions. Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste
are collected worldwide. Of all the waste streams, waste from electrical and
electronic equipment containing new and complex hazardous substances presents
the fastest-growing challenge in both developed and developing countries.
Poor waste management - ranging from non-existing collection systems to
ineffective disposal -causes air pollution, water and soil contamination. Open and
unsanitary landfills contribute to contamination of drinking water and can cause
infection and transmit diseases. The dispersal of debris pollutes ecosystems and
dangerous substances from electronic waste or industrial garbage puts a strain on
the health of urban dwellers and the environment.
The solution, in the first place, is the minimization of waste. Where waste cannot be
avoided, recovery of materials and energy from waste as well as remanufacturing
and recycling waste into usable products should be the second option. Recycling
leads to substantial resource savings. For example, for every ton of paper recycled,
17 trees and 50 per cent of water can be saved. Moreover, recycling creates jobs:
the sector employs 12 million people in Brazil, China and United States alone.
The UNEP International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC) in Japan supports
the implementation of integrated solid waste management systems. Its work also
focuses on the proper treatment of special wastes (electronics, agricultural biomass,
plastics) in developing countries. IETC aims to optimize the management of solid
waste by involving all stakeholders in the process through pilot projects at local
level.
Solid Waste Management in the Philippines
- Solid waste management is considered a pressing global issue calling for an
immediate response from the government and its people. The Philippines has a
continuously rising amount of waste and is expected to further increase in the
succeeding years. As reviewed, associated problems with solid waste management
in the country include an increasing amount of solid waste, weak law
implementation, scarcity of sanitary landfills, and improper disposal. The ultimate
solution existing in the country is the RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000 which highlights the practices of segregation, proper
disposal, and waste diversion. The importance of envisioning a trash-free Philippines
and encouraging people's participation and awareness is also emphasized. Another
possible solution to solid waste management is valorization which can also address
other environmental problems such as the depletion of natural resources. These
solutions enumerated will only be possible with the presence of good governance,
active participation of the people of the country, and the cooperation of all
constituents and agencies in the Philippines.
MSW comes from residential, commercial, institutional and industrial sources.
Residential waste constitutes the bulk (56.7%) of MSW and includes kitchen scraps,
yard waste, paper and cardboards, glass bottles, plastic containers and sando bags,
foils, soiled tissues and diapers, and special wastes such as containers of household
cleaning agents, batteries and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE).
Commercial sources which include commercial establishments and public or private
markets contribute 27.1% of which, in some regions, about two- thirds of
commercial wastes come from the latter. Institutional sources such as government
offices, educational and medical institutions account for about 12.1% while the
remaining 4.1% are waste coming from the industrial or manufacturing sector.
Biodegradable wastes comprise about half (52.31%) of MSW although primary data
suggest that figures can range from 30% to as much as 78%. Typical bio-waste
consists of kitchen or food waste and yard or garden waste. From the available
information, it could be estimated that 86.2% of compostable waste comes from
food scraps while 13.8% are leaves and twigs.
Recyclable wastes account for almost a third (27.78%) of MSW with an estimated
range of 4.1% to 53.3%. Plastic packaging materials comprise around 38% of this
waste fraction and followed by paper and cardboard waste, which contributes about
31%. The remaining 31% is made up of metals, glass, textile, leather and rubber.
Special wastes which consist of household healthcare waste, waste electrical and
electronic equipment (WEEE), bulky waste and other hazardous materials contribute
a measly 1.93% with values ranging from negligible up to 9.2%.
Finally, residuals have been found to make up 17.98% of generated MSW. Most
LGUs present this data as a combination of disposable wastes as well as inert
materials, which comprise about 12% of the residual waste.
Waste generation rates

Waste generation rates have been estimated based on consolidated data generated
from waste analysis and characterization studies (WACS) presented in EMB regional
reports and selected local 10-year Solid Waste Management (SWM) plans. Using
2010 as base year, Table 3-1 summarizes waste generation rates in the
Philippines, Metro Manila, highly urbanized cities (HUCs), municipalities and other
cities.
Sample size (as Range Weighted

Average
Scope / Coverage % of
demographics) kg/capita/day
Metro Manila (NCR) 100% 0.55 – 0.79 0.69
Metro Manilaand some

highly urbanized
N/A 0.53 – 0.79 0.69
cities
(HUCs)
Other cities and provincial

capitals (excluding
N/A 0.29 – 0.64 0.50
NCR/HUCs)
PHILIPPINES
(Nationwide) 79% 0.10 – 0.79 0.40
All LGUs in the country,

excluding Metro Manila
76% 0.10 – 0.71 0.34
Municipalities (cities N/A 0.10 – 0.64 0.31

and
Solid Waste Management in Tarlac City

Memorandum of Agreements have been recently signed by three (3) Local
Government Units in Tarlac with the Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
in Central Luzon for the implementation of projects that will improve their waste
management systems and also provide livelihood opportunities for their
constituents.
Through the project, the municipality of Mayantoc aims to demonstrate a model
waste management system for its public market through the provision of an in-
vessel composter that will replace the manual composting method they are now
currently using, the window type. The in-vessel rotary composter can process 600 to
700 kilogram of biodegradable wastes in 5-6 days, reducing odor and vermin
attraction. The end-product, organic fertilizer, wil be used for the greening program
of the municipality and could also be sold to their existing buyers of compost.
“Adoption of strategies that will help preserve and protect our environment is
among our priority programs. We are grateful that this is in line with DOST’s aim to
provide science-based solutions to community problems“, said Mayor Julie P. Icmat.
On the other hand, Tarlac City generates approximately 265.5 tons of wastes daily
where 51% of these are biodegradable. Aiming to manage and convert its
biodegradable wastes into organic fertilizer and charcoal briquettes that will benefit
farmers, schools, and small businesses, the city government will acquire a biomass
shredder, drum kiln, electro/hydraulic briquettor, charcoal/binder mixer, and plate
carbonizer. P 6,800.00 daily savings can be generated by the city LGU in
processing 8 tons biodegarable wastes as they will no longer have to pay P850.00
per ton of waste dumped at the landfill. Produced fertilizer will be given free to
farmers, barangays, and communities in need. Briquettes will be given free to
barangays and also to be sold to private entrepreneurs.
The project of the municipality of Victoria have two components namely
establishment of veggie bread processing facility, and upgrading its organic
fertilizer production capability. The first component aims to support the feeding
program of the municipality to promote health and wellness while the second
component aims to manage waste to productive product. Biodegradable waste
including those from the veggie bread production project will be processed into
organic fertilizer which will then be used in the vegetable production component
that will be needed in the production of veggie bread. Equipment for the veggie
bread production will be provided through the project. “ With humble heart and
warm thanksgiving, LGU-Victoria recognizes the valuable support and great effort of
DOST for granting us numerous projects for the development of our livelihood
programs in the municipality. …Through this project, we will be able to contribute
economically to our livelihood beneficiaries by creating new opportunities for them,
and would also greatly contribute in efficiently dealing with our material
wastes,” said Hon. Christian Tell A. Yap, Mayor of Victoria.
OBJECTIVES:
objective 1: To evaluate the current waste management practices in Baguio City
(This objective aims to assess existing methods for waste collection, sorting, and
disposal, identifying strengths and gaps in the system that a central MRF could
address.)
objective 2 : Waste Diversion: Reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by

increasing recycling rates.
GOALS:
- Environmental Protection: Minimize environmental impact by reducing pollution
and conserving natural resources through recycling.
- Economic Efficiency: Lower waste management costs by optimizing resource
recovery and reducing landfill disposal fees.
- Sustainability Goals: Align with broader sustainability objectives, such as reducing
carbon footprints and promoting circular economy practices.
Location: Tibag, Tarlac City, Tarlac

A Solid Waste Management Facility With Renewable Energy in Tarlac City

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PROPOSAL:

“A Solid Waste Management Facility with

What is a Solid Waste Management?

- solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material

Waste generation rates

Sample size (as Range Weighted

Metro Manila (NCR) 100% 0.55 – 0.79 0.69

Metro Manilaand some

Other cities and provincial

All LGUs in the country,

Municipalities (cities N/A 0.10 – 0.64 0.31

Solid Waste Management in Tarlac City

objective 2 : Waste Diversion: Reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills by

Location: Tibag, Tarlac City, Tarlac

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